The Story of Little Rock Pond, written by Liu Zongyuan, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. The full name of "The Story of Xiaoshitan" is "The Story of Xiaoshitan" in the west of Xiaoqiu. "The Story of Little Rock Pond" narrates the entire process of the author's visit, describes the scenery of "Little Rock Pond" in beautiful language, and implicitly expresses the sad and miserable feelings that the author could not resolve after being demoted. Lyrically, this article tends to be thick and colorful, with strong emotions, either recalling the present or recalling the past, or feeling sad about the past, worrying about home and country, or missing family and old friends. It has impressed generations of readers with its strong artistic appeal.
Original text
Walk a hundred and twenty steps west from Xiaoqiu, across a bamboo forest, hear the sound of water, like a ring, and feel happy (lè). After cutting bamboo, we took the road and saw a small pool at the bottom. The water was especially clear and clear. The whole stone is considered to be the bottom, and when it is near the shore, the stone is rolled out from the bottom into the shape of di (chí), yu (yǔ), 偁 (kān), and rock. Green trees and vines (màn), luo (luò) swaying (zhuì), ginseng (cēn) difference (cī) draped. There are hundreds of fish in the pond, all of them are as if they are swimming in the air and have nothing to rely on. The sun is shining brightly, and the shadows are spread on the rocks, but they are motionless. It seems to be enjoying itself with tourists. Looking to the southwest of the pond, you can see the fighting (dǒu) and the twisting (zhé) snakes, and the light and death can be seen. Its shores are very different from each other, and its origin cannot be known. Sitting on the pool, surrounded by bamboo trees on all sides, I felt so lonely and desolate that my soul was bone-chilling, quiet and desolate. Because the place was too clear to live in for a long time, I remembered it and left. Fellow travelers: Wu Wuling, Gong (gōng) Gu, Yu Di Zongxuan. Those who follow Li (lì) are Cui's two minor students: Yuē (forgive yourself) and Fengyi (yī).
Translation
We walked one hundred and twenty steps west from the small mound, listening to the sound of water through a forest of bamboos. It's like the sound of the rings worn by people hitting each other, which makes me happy. Cut down the bamboo and create a road (walk through it). Walking along the road, you will see a small pool with extremely clear water. The bottom of the pool is a whole stone, close to the shore, and some parts of the bottom of the stone roll over to expose the water. It becomes a variety of different shapes such as di, yu, 偁, and rock. Green trees and green vines cover, twine, sway, and connect, unevenly, and fluttering in the wind. There are about a hundred fish in the pond, and they all seem to be swimming in the air, with nothing to rely on. The sunlight penetrates the water surface and reaches the bottom directly, and the shadow of the fish is reflected on the rocks at the bottom of the water. It stood motionless, then suddenly swam away into the distance, coming and going briskly and swiftly, as if enjoying each other's pleasure with the tourists. Looking to the southwest of Xiaoshitan, I saw that the stream was as twists and turns as the Big Dipper, and as curved as a snake crawling, disappearing and appearing. The shape of the stream bank is intertwined like dog teeth, and it is unclear where its source is. I sat on a small stone pond, surrounded by bamboos and trees, and felt lonely and lonely. I felt desolate, chilly to the bones, extremely quiet and deep. Because the environment here was too desolate to stay for a long time, I wrote down all the scenery and left. The people traveling with me were Wu Wuling, Gong Gu, and my younger brother Zongxuan. I took two young men named Cui with me. One is called Shuji and the other is called Fengyi.
18. They all seem to be swimming in the air with nothing to rely on. Empty: In the air. All: all, all. 19. The sun shines brightly, and the shadows are spread on the rocks: The sun shines directly to the bottom of the water, and the shadows of fish are reflected on the rocks at the bottom of the water. Down, the adjective serves as an adverbial, shining downward. Cloth: Reflection, distribution. Toru: Through. 20. Still motionless: (fish shadow) motionless and motionless.佁(yǐ) Ran, with a dazed look. 21. Chu Er passed away: suddenly he swam away into the distance. Chu (chù) Er, suddenly. Far, the adjective acts as an adverbial, toward the distance. 22. Wang Lai Xi (xī) Hu: swimming around with brisk and agile movements. Xihu: light and agile. Xi: Swift. 23. Le: amused. 24. Looking southwest of the pond: looking toward the southwest of the pond. And, conjunction, connects adverbials and nouns, is not translated, and means modification. Southwest, toward the southwest (noun as adverbial). 25. Fighting and twisting, twisting and turning, visible brightness and disappearance: (seeing the stream) twists and turns like the Big Dipper, winds forward like a snake, disappearing and appearing.
Ming and waning are all adjectives used as nouns, which may be hidden or revealed. Douzhe: twists and turns like the Big Dipper. Snake: To meander like a snake. 26. The potential of the shore is different from each other: potential: shape. (canine teeth, noun as adverbial) as jagged as dog teeth. Canines: Like dog teeth. Bad: Staggered. Q: That. 27. Unknowable: cannot know. Can: able 28. Surrounded by bamboo trees on all sides, so lonely and desolate, so desolate and chilling (qiǎo chuàng). Deep: Surrounded by bamboo trees, silent and lonely, with no one around. I feel desolate and chilly. The silence is profound and filled with an air of sadness. Loneliness: silence and loneliness. Quietly melancholy, the silence makes people feel sad. Profound, profound. Desolate: (verbal usage) makes... desolate. Cold: (verb usage) to make... cold. 29. Because the environment here is too desolate. Because. Clear, desolate, desolate. 30. You can't stay for a long time, so you just remember it and leave: You can't stay for a long time, so you write down the situation of Xiaoshitan and leave. Habitat: stay. What: The matter of traveling to Xiaoshitan on behalf of others. And: express Shun Cheng. Go: leave. 31. Wu Wuling: A native of Xinzhou (today's Fengjie area of ??Chongqing), he was a Jinshi in the Yuanhe period of Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty. He was demoted to Yongzhou for a crime and was on good terms with the author. 32. Travel companion: ***People who travel together. Travel: play. Author: A person who... 33. Gong Gu: The author’s friend. 34. Zongxuan: The author’s cousin. 35. Those who follow: those who go with them. Li: Attachment, follower. And: table modification. From: follow, verb. 36. Erxiaosheng: two young people. Xiaosheng: young people
1. Different meanings in ancient and modern times
1. Xiaosheng: ancient meaning: young people; modern meaning: refers to a role in the art of opera. 2. Go: Ancient meaning: leave. Just remember it and go; modern meaning: go from where you are to other places. 3. Hear: ancient meaning: hear. To hear the sound of water; today's meaning: to smell the smell with the nose. 4. Habitat: Ancient meaning: stay. Not to stay for a long time; today’s meaning: to live. 5. Can: Ancient meaning: approximately. The fish in the pond can have hundreds of heads; modern meaning: can wish verb, can 6. Bu: ancient meaning: reflect. Today’s meaning: Cotton and linen products that can be made into clothes or other items. 7. Xu: Ancient meaning: used after numerals to express approximations, equivalent to the current usage of "来". Today's meaning: Allowed. 8. 佁 (yǐ) Ran: Ancient meaning: a dull look. Today's meaning: Dementia or the appearance of deep thought;
2. Multiple meanings of the word
1. Can: (1) Approximately. There are hundreds of fish in the pond; (2) Yes, I can. Cannot stay for a long time. 2. From: (1) Free, free. Walk west from the hillock a hundred and twenty paces; (2) Follow. Those who followed were Cui's Erxiaosheng: "Forgive yourself" and "Fengyi". 3. Clear: (1) Clear. The water is particularly clear; (2) desolate. Its environment is clear. 4. Difference: (1) Different lengths. Staggered; (2) Staggered. Its shores are very different from each other. 5. See: (1) Appear. See the small pool below; (2) see, verb. Brightness and extinction are visible. 6. Joy: (1) Take pleasure in..., the conative usage of the adjective. The heart is happy; (2) amused, playful. It seems to be enjoying itself with tourists. 7. Because (1). Because of its clear environment; (2) Table modification. Roll up the bottom of the stone to get it out; (3) handle. The whole stone is the base. 8. And (1) is not translated, indicating a sequential relationship. Just remember it and leave; (2) Not translated, indicating a modified relationship. Those who are subordinate and follow; (3) Not translated, indicating a modified relationship. Looking southwest of the pond. 9. Swim (1) Swim. It’s like traveling in an empty space with nothing to rely on; (2) Touring. fellow travellers. 10. Ring (1) Yuhuan. Like a ring; (2) Surrounded. Bamboo trees surround. 11. To (1) act. The whole stone is the bottom; (2) Become. For the rock.
3. Special sentence patterns
Inverted sentences: 1. Ruming Peihuan (Correct word order: Rupeihuanming) It is like the sound of jade rings and jade pendants hitting each other. 2. The whole stone is used as the bottom (correct word order: the whole stone is used as the bottom) The small pool is made of a whole stone as the bottom. 3. Roll the bottom of the stone to come out (correct word order: roll the bottom of the stone to come out) The bottom of the stone bends upward to expose the water. Rhetoric: 1. The sound of water sounds like a ring. (Metaphor) Hearing the sound of water is like the sound of jade rings and jade pendants clashing together. 2. Going back and forth seems to be enjoying the pleasure of tourists.
(Personification) He moves briskly and quickly, as if he is playing with tourists. 3. Its shores are so different that its origin cannot be known. (Metaphor) The terrain on both sides of the Taiwan Strait is as jagged as a dog's tooth, and its source cannot be known. Omitted sentences: 1. Remember it and leave. (Omit the subject "this scenery") So I wrote down this scenery and left. 2. Fighting, twisting and turning. (Omit the subject "the bank of the creek") The stream twists and turns like the Big Dipper, and winds like a snake moving forward. 3. Use its territory to make it clear. (Omit the subject "I") I think the environment is too desolate.
IV. Writing Features
1. Changing sceneries with each step. The author leads us to experience various different sceneries while moving and changing, which has a strong sense of dynamic picture. From the hill to the bamboos, from the bamboos to the sound of water, and then to the small pool through the sound of water, the story of the discovery of the small pool is full of suspense and curiosity, and gradually unfolds a wonderful story in front of people. picture. 2. Embedding emotions in the scenery and blending the scenes. When the author describes the scenery, he always infiltrates his own feelings and emotions. This small stone pool far away from the world is full of life, but no one appreciates it. His quiet and obscurity is the same as his own experience. The too cold environment at this moment is more likely to arouse the author's "desolate soul, chilling bones, quiet melancholy and profound" emotions. The quiet beauty of the scenery of Xiaoshitan forms a strong contrast with the desolate beauty of the author's state of mind, which effectively reflects the author's inescapable depressive mood and implicitly reveals the author's dissatisfaction with the cold reality.
5. Usage of function words
And: 1. Tan looks to the southwest (meaning modification, no need to translate, conjunction) 2. But remember it and go (meaning succession, conjunction) Nai: just remember it and leave (the meaning of "therefore, then", adverb) with: 1. Roll it up on the bottom of the stone to get it out (can be left untranslated, or translated as "er" conjunction) 2. Because the environment is so clear (because) 3 .The whole stone is considered as the bottom (handle): 1. The whole stone is considered as the bottom (as) 2. It is a dike, a islet, a kan, a rock (to become)
center
By writing about Xiaoshitan and the surrounding scenery, this article expresses the author's indescribable misery and sorrow that he felt after being demoted.
Writing background
Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Yongzhou Sima by the emperor for supporting Wang Shuwen's reforms in the first year of Yongzhen (805 AD) of Emperor Shunzong of Tang Dynasty. Wang Shuwen was killed. Political frustration led him to place his affection on mountains and rivers, and through detailed descriptions of scenery, he expressed his sad and miserable thoughts and feelings that he could not resolve after being demoted, and became a model for later generations to write landscape travel notes. During this period, *** wrote eight famous landscape travel notes, later called "Eight Notes of Yongzhou". In the first article, "A Banquet in Shide Xishan", the author described his mood at that time: "I have been killing people since I was born, and I live in this state, and I am always worried about Li." The scenery language in "The Story of Xiaoshitan" is a love language, "The God of Desolation" The description of "cold bones, quiet sadness and profoundness" and the blending of scenes illustrate this issue very well. The original title of "The Story of Xiaoshitan" is "The Story of Xiaoshitan in the West of Xiaoqiu", which is selected from the 29th volume of "Liuhedong Collection" (Zhonghua Book Company 1974 edition). After Liu Zongyuan was demoted, in order to relieve his inner resentment, he often stayed away from remote places. , cut bamboo and take the road, explore the mountains and rivers. Fortunately, the nature of Yongzhou treated him well. There were many strange and strange pools, hills, stone canals, and mountain streams, which were so beautiful. "The Journey to Xishan Banquet" and "The Story of the Cobalt Lake", "The Story of the West Xiaoqiu of the Cobalt Lake", "The Story of the Xiaoshitan West of the Xiaoqiu", "The Story of the Yuan Family's Thirst", "The Story of the Stone Canal", "The Story of the Stone Stream" ” and “Little Rock City Mountain Chronicles” are also called “Eight Records of Yongzhou”.
About the author
Liu Zongyuan (773-819), also known as Zihou, was known as "Liu Hedong" in the world. Because he died as the governor of Liuzhou, he was also called "Liu Liuzhou". Han nationality, ancestral home is Hedong (now Yongji City, Shanxi Province). Liu Zongyuan was a famous writer in the Tang Dynasty of my country, with the courtesy name Zihou, known as "Liu Hedong" or "Liu Liuzhou". He was the same as Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Che, Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong in the Song Dynasty. Also known as the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". He wrote more than 600 poems and essays in his lifetime, and his achievements in writing were greater than those in poetry. A writer, philosopher, essayist and thinker in the Tang Dynasty, he and Han Yu jointly initiated the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, and were called "Han Liu". Together with Liu Yuxi, he is also known as "Liu Liu". Together with Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei Yingwu, he is also known as "Wang Meng Wei Liu".
Emperor Daizong of the Tang Dynasty was born in Chang'an, Kyoto (today's Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) in the eighth year of the Dali calendar (773). Liu Zongyuan was born in a family of officials. He was rarely talented and had great ambitions. In his early years, he was admitted to Jinshi, and his writing skills were based on eloquent words. In the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), he became a Jinshi. In the fourteenth year, he was admitted to Bo Xue Hong Ci and was awarded the Zhengzi of Jixian Dian. He was once a captain of Lantian, and later became an official in the court. He actively participated in the political reform of Wang Shuwen Group and became a member of the Ministry of Rites, Wai Lang. In September of the first year of Yongzhen (805), the reform failed and he was demoted to the governor of Shaozhou. In November, Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Sima of Yongzhou (his current location is Lingling District, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province). During this period, he wrote the famous "Yongzhou" "Eight Notes" ("The Banquet Travel Notes on Shide Xishan", "The Notes on the Cobalt Lake", "The Notes on the West Xiaoqiu of the Cobalt Lake", "The Notes on the Xiaoshitan West of the Xiaoqiu", "The Notes of the Yuan Family's Kere", "The Story of the Shiqu", "The Story of the Stone Stream", "The Story of the Little Stone"). "Chengshan Ji"). In the spring of the tenth year of Yuanhe (815), he returned to the capital and was soon demoted to Liuzhou governor again, with outstanding political achievements. Xianzong died in Liuzhou on the eighth day of November in the fourteenth year of Yuanhe (November 28, 819). He had many contacts, and Liu Yuxi, Bai Juyi, etc. were all his good friends. Liu Zongyuan wrote more than 600 poems and essays in his lifetime, and his achievements in writing were greater than those in poetry. There are nearly a hundred parallel prose pieces, with strong argumentation, sharp writing and pungent satire. The travel notes describe the scenery, and many people rely on it. His philosophical works include "Tian Shuo", "Tian Dui", "Feudal Theory", etc. Liu Zongyuan's works were preserved and compiled into collections by Liu Yuxi in the Tang Dynasty. There are "Liu Hedong Collection" and "Liu Zongyuan Collection" (Zhonghua Book Company 1979 edition).