a "host country" is a country that receives guests from other countries as a host, or a country that stays at parties and hosts events in international activities.
(2) The origin of "sloppy" People like to use "sloppy" to describe someone who is sloppy or careless, but behind this proverb, there is a story full of blood and tears.
In the Song Dynasty, there was a painter in Beijing, who often painted as he pleased, making it unclear what he painted. Once, he had just finished painting a tiger's head, and when someone asked him to paint a horse, he drew the horse's body behind the tiger's head. Someone asked him if he painted a horse or a tiger, and he replied, "So so!" " When people don't want it, he hangs the painting in the hall. The eldest son saw it and asked him what was in the painting. He said it was a tiger, but the second son asked him it was a horse.
Soon, when the eldest son went out hunting, he shot someone else's horse as a tiger and the painter had to pay the owner money. His youngest son went out and met a tiger, but thought it was a horse that wanted to ride, and he was killed by the tiger. The painter was so sad that he burned the painting and wrote a poem blaming himself: "careless picture, careless picture, like a horse and a tiger, the eldest son shot the dead horse according to the picture, and the second son fed the tiger according to the picture." The thatched cottage burned careless pictures and advised you not to learn from me. "
Poetry is not a good poem, but the lesson is too profound. Since then, the word "sloppy" has spread.
(3) "Loquat is not this pipa"
Once upon a time, there was a dude who was lazy in doing things and didn't study hard since childhood. When I grow up, I often make jokes because of writing typos.
One day, his wife said she wanted to eat loquat. He took a piece of paper from the table and wrote a few words on it with a pen. After writing, he called the servant to buy loquat. His wife took the paper and looked at it. She burst into laughter. It turned out that it said "buy five pounds of pipa". Two of the five words were wrongly written, and the word "loquat" was wrongly written as "pipa". After his wife read it, she wrote a doggerel at the back: Loquat is not this pipa, only because of poor literacy.
If the pipa can bear fruit, all the flutes in the city will fly.
this dude blushed when he read his wife's poem.
"loquat" and "pipa" have the same pronunciation, and both pronounce pípá, which is a homonym. But "loquat" is a kind of fruit, while "pipa" is a kind of stringed instrument, and its meaning and writing are completely different.
Miswriting "loquat" as "pipa" is a homonym misreading, resulting in another word. Writing other words is very harmful. Because the word "Bie" is a mistake of writing A into B, it may cause misunderstanding. Imagine if the servant bought back a five-catty pipa, wouldn't it make a bigger joke?
Chinese characters are ideographic characters. There is a certain internal relationship between the shape, pronunciation and meaning of most Chinese characters. For example, "Pi", "Ba", "Pi" and "Pa" are pictophonetic characters. "Pi" and "Ba" have the same phonetic "Ba", so "Pi" and "Pi" have the same pronunciation, and "Ba" and "Pa" have the same pronunciation. Next to the word "loquat" is "wood", which means it is related to trees. "Loquat" refers to a fruit tree or the fruit produced on this tree. Next to the word "Pipa" is "Jue", which means that two pieces of jade collide with each other, and the jade will make a beautiful and pleasant sound. "Pipa" is a musical instrument that can play a pleasant sound.
Being familiar with the structure of Chinese characters and forming the habit of analyzing Chinese characters will help to eliminate homophones.
(4) Miscomment on Tang Chaoyuan's poems about flowers and in the late spring of the twelfth year (817), Bai Juyi traveled with 16 friends in Lushan Mountain, Jiangxi Province, and wrote many poems, one of which was Peach Blossom in Dalin Temple: The peach blossoms in the mountain temple began to bloom in April.
I hate that I have nowhere to find in the spring, so I don't know where to turn!
One day, Shen Kuo, a famous scientist and writer in the Song Dynasty, read this poem, and was very surprised. He commented with sarcasm: "Since' April is all over', how can' peach blossoms begin to bloom'? The great poet also wrote such a contradictory sentence, which can be described as' even a wise man has a long thought, there will be a loss'! " Say that finish, he also forgot about it.
Unexpectedly, one year at the turn of spring and summer, he visited a mountain and saw the wonders in Bai Juyi's poems: in April, the flowers withered at the foot of the mountain, but the peach blossoms were red on the top of the mountain, and he suddenly wanted to go to Bai Juyi's poems, only to realize that he had misjudged the great poet and found the influence of height on the season: because of the low temperature on the mountain, spring came later than the foot of the mountain.
Later, he found Bai Juyi's poems to read, and there was a preface in front of him. The preface said: "(Dalin Temple) is deep in the mountains, and the season is absolutely late. It is in the summer and summer, such as February, when pears and peaches begin to bloom (flowers) and the grass is still short. The characters are different from the flat settlements. " Shen Kuo read it and said with emotion, "It's all my fault that I don't study carefully and have too little experience!"
One day, Su Dongpo went to visit Prime Minister Wang Anshi, and it happened that Wang Anshi was not at home. He saw a poem about chrysanthemum in Wang Anshi's study case. The poem was not finished, only two sentences were written: the west wind crossed the garden last night and blew yellow flowers and gold everywhere.
Su Dongpo thought: Prime Minister Tang, how could you make such a poem? -"West wind" is autumn wind, "yellow flower" is chrysanthemum, and chrysanthemum dares to fight autumn frost, which can resist cold. It is wrong to say that the west wind "blows off yellow flowers", but it also blows "gold all over the ground" and falls all over the floor. Isn't it a big mistake? So, he continued with two sentences: Qiu Ying is no better than a spring flower, and he said that he would sing with the poet carefully.
After writing, Su Dongpo left.
Later, Su Dongpo was demoted to Huangzhou, where he served as an assistant of Yong ying. Lived in Huangzhou for nearly a year. This autumn, in the Double Ninth Festival, there were strong winds for several days. One day, after the wind died down, Su Dongpo invited his friend Chen Jichang to enjoy chrysanthemums in the backyard.
who knows, when I went to the back garden, I saw chrysanthemums in succession, spreading gold all over the floor. At this time, he suddenly remembered what he had given Wang Anshi a poem a year ago. He couldn't help but be dumbfounded. He was speechless for a long time and repented that he was wrong.
(5) The artistic example of "refining Chinese characters" in ancient poems says that the ancients paid great attention to refining Chinese characters when writing poems, often saying "sing a word, breaking several stems and whiskers" and "two sentences are won in three years, and one poem is full of tears". The following is a brief introduction to the art of "refining Chinese characters" in ancient poetry.
1, a word to convey love. Use condensed words to express rich meanings. For example, "I don't know where to play the reed pipe, and I want to find people all night." (Li Yi's on hearing a flute at night from the wall of shouxiang) Do: All. With the word "do", I wrote the number of people who wanted to be homesick and the length of time they stood looking forward to it.
2, with dynamic lining static. Such as "moonlight in its groves of pine, stones of crystal in its brooks." (an autumn evening in the mountains by Wang Wei) As the poet saw in the previous sentence, the bright autumn moon seems to be filtered among the pine forests, casting the light and shadow of many-hued, making the realm more peaceful. The poet heard the last sentence: the mountain spring is exceptionally clear and clear, and it gurgles on the rocks, and it seems that you can still hear its tinkling sound of running water. Use the clear spring to contrast the tranquility of the "empty mountain".
3. Turn static into dynamic. For example, "The spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan, when will the bright moon shine on me?" (Wang Anshi's Boating in Guazhou) The word "green" describes the momentum, strength and function of the spring breeze, with an open realm and bright colors, giving people a sense of beauty full of spring and vitality.
4. write quietly by moving. For example, "the sand is merged with the poultry pond, and the clouds break the moon to make a shadow." (Zhang Xian's "Fairy") The moon is relatively static, but because of the fluttering of clouds, the "moon" is also written. Write the word "broken" and write the movement of the bright moon breaking through the clouds. "Flower" is also relatively static, but with the word "Nong", it is written in a swaying way. The word "Nong" is intended to point out that the moon sticking out from the cracks in the clouds sprinkled moonlight on the delicate flowers, like covering them with a soft white gauze, and the evening breeze gently stirred the shy and delicate flowers. Flowers in the moonlight under the shadow of the hem with a shy and soft beautiful image. The words "broken" and "lane" personify the clouds, the moon and the flowers, and are full of life.
5. Show deficiency with reality. Visible and invisible. For example, "Han Xiao is light outside the green poplar smoke, and the branches of red apricots are full of spring." (Song Qi's Magnolia) "Spring" is only perceptible and inaudible. Spring has come, and the red apricot blossoms are crowded with branches. The poet wrote the word "Noisy" on this spring scene, and used anthropomorphic techniques to write it alive. The word "Noisy" is not only a painting scene, but also a love story. It not only depicts the gorgeous scenery of apricot flowers in full bloom, but also describes the lively expression of apricot branches swaying and flowers moving in the spring breeze.
6. Sad with music. Such as "where petals have been shed like tears, and lonely birds have sung their grief." (Du Fu's "Spring Hope") Birds and flowers are beautiful scenery, while flowers and birds are entertaining things. However, because they hate parting, they make the poet cry instead. In this way, the sadness is set against the music scene, which makes the sadness even more sad.
7, a word is obvious. For example, "the warm wind makes tourists drunk and makes Hangzhou a continent." (Lin Sheng's Title of Lin 'an Mansion) On the surface, these two sentences mean that those tourists who enjoy the West Lake are intoxicated by the fragrant wind and enjoy themselves. In fact, the word "drunk" shows the shameful faces of those who forget their old country. These people not only lost their ambition, but even their backbone. It embodies the author's emotion and anger.
There are various methods of "refining words", the purpose of which is to choose the most appropriate words to express the meaning. When appreciating words, we must carefully ponder and understand the poet's art of "refining words".
(6) The origin of "overseas red boy" "overseas red boy" has now become a good name for our compatriots living abroad. How did this word come from?
"naked child" originally refers to a baby. Shangshu. Kang Gao: "If you protect the child, only the people will be Kang Yi." In Sparse: "The son is born red, so he speaks red". Mencius. In Li Lou's Next Book, there is a saying: "A grown-up person does not lose his childlike heart." "Red Son" is also extended to the people, which was first seen in Hanshu. Gong Sui Biography "therefore, your majesty was a naked child and stole your majesty's soldiers in the middle ear of Huangchi."
During the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong held an archery competition in palace examination. Ministers advised: "People are standing in front of the temple with bows and arrows, so close to your majesty. If someone who is arrogant and ignorant secretly fires at you and you are not on guard, it will greatly hurt the country!" Emperor Taizong replied: "The king regards the four seas as one family, and all of them are my sons within the territory. If I push my heart into his belly, how can people who stay in the defense be suspicious!" According to this, people have derived the phrase "the son of the sea". The "overseas red boy" evolved from the "overseas red boy". Later, "overseas pure boy" was used by overseas Chinese to express their sincere heart of loving and yearning for the motherland.
(7) Cleverly changing punctuation autobiographies Balchen, a famous American social psychologist, suggested at a banquet that everyone write an autobiography in the simplest language, with short sentences that can even be used as an epitaph engraved on a tombstone after death. So, the people present thought hard and wrote a composition.
Soon, a young man gave Balchen an autobiography with only three punctuation marks: a dash "-"and an exclamation point "!" And a full stop. " .
Balchen asked him what these three punctuation marks meant, and the young man replied, "A rampage; Fall a sad sigh; In the end, I have to die. "
Balchen looked at the sad look of the young man and pondered for a moment. He took up his pen and wrote three punctuation marks at the bottom of this autobiography: a pause, an abridged sign and a big question mark. .
Balchen said to the young man who gave up on himself in an encouraging tone: "Youth is a stop in life; The road is long and the hope is boundless; Don't you hear that' the prodigal son will not change his money'? "
(8) Interesting Stories about Bookstores Many scholars in ancient and modern times like to name their own bookstores (also known as study rooms) to show their aspirations, place their feelings, or encourage themselves. These interesting room names give people useful enlightenment.
Humble Room This is the name of Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, who lived and studied. The poet once wrote a well-known "Humble Room Inscription" to describe the simplicity of his study and show his noble ambition and interest in being poor and happy.
Laoxuean This is the name of the bookstore of Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. This name expresses the poet's spirit of never dying, never learning, never ending his life and never stopping learning.
Zhang Pu, a famous writer of the Ming Dynasty in Qiluzhai, loved reading when he was young. Every book he read must be copied by himself, read several times and burned, and then copied, read and burned again for six or seven times, so he named his study "Qiluzhai".
According to legend, Pu Songling, a famous writer in the early Qing Dynasty, kept cigarettes and tea by the roadside. Passers-by just came here to tell stories, rumors or chat, and they could enjoy them for free. Once he heard the useful "materials", Pu Songling went back to sort them out, so he named the bookstore "Liaozhai".
Shu Wei, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, made great achievements in his poems, but he was very humble and compared his knowledge and creative achievements to a bottle of water in the sea, so he named his study "Bottle Water Zhai".
Zhang Henshui, a famous writer in Beiwangzhai, was delighted to hear about the great victory of Pingxing Pass in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and saw China's hope of anti-aggression. He named his house "Beiwangzhai" to express his hope for China's * * * production party and his nostalgia for his hometown.
Xie Bingxin, a Shanghai writer in Mengcaozhai, read many classic works of China when she was a student, and she admired the outlaw who loved to fight against injustice and became king, so she named her bookstore Mengcaozhai.
Zhao Lihong, a Shanghai writer, was delighted with his new house in 1988. His study was only four steps long, but he also enjoyed himself, so he named it "Four Steps Zhai".
Yang Shuda, a linguist living in a small place, once said: "Small is the foundation of big, and big is the development of small; More is less, less is more savings. Learning is accumulated bit by bit. " Therefore, he named the bookstore "Ji Wei Ju".
The house of Deng Weizhi, a sociologist in Mahuju, is named "Mahuju". Firstly, his zodiac sign is a horse and his wife is a tiger. The second is that he advocates simple and sloppy life.
Haoran, a famous writer who specializes in rural subjects, named his small farmhouse in Sanhe County, Hebei Province "Mud Nest", which showed his determination to take root in the countryside for a long time and his love for the countryside.
Jingxu Village This is the name of the writer Jia Pingwa's living room. He said: "When I first moved from the mountains to Xi 'an, I lived in Chengbei New Village. Although the place was small, it was very quiet, so I named it Jingxu Village. Static is calm, virtual is broad-minded and tolerant. "
(9) digital poetry's figures are abstract, and poetry should be thought in images. However, the combination of the two can also produce excellent works: it can be bold and unconstrained, "The Yellow River enters the East China Sea, and Wan Li writes it in his mind"; Can be delicate, "two orioles singing green willows, a row of egrets on the sky"; Can be painful, "three Wan Li Hedong into the sea, five thousand towering mountains on the skyscraper. Adherents shed tears in Hu Chen, and looked south at Julian Waghann for another year "; It can be sentimental, "Six Dynasties are like a dream and birds crow in the air"; Can be angry, "once sealed.