However, a few years ago, the Police Dog Center in Kunming, China, introduced German shepherd dogs and other breeds, and cultivated a "Kunming Dog" which is very similar in appearance and physique to German shepherd dogs.
The following is the information of German shepherd in Baidu Encyclopedia:
German Shepherd Dog (English name: German shepherd dog)
[Edit this paragraph] [Introduction]
A good German shepherd gives the impression of being strong, agile, muscular, alert and energetic. Very smooth, very harmonious before and after. The body length is slightly larger than the height, the body is deeper, and the smooth curve of the body contour is better than the angle. The body is strong rather than slender, giving people the impression that they are muscular and agile, neither clumsy nor weak at rest or during exercise. The ideal German shepherd gives people the impression that it is of good quality and unspeakable nobility, but it can also be distinguished at a glance and will not be mistaken. Gender characteristics are very obvious, depending on their gender, or magnificent or feminine.
[Edit this paragraph] German Shepherd-History
German shepherd
German shepherd dogs are divided into short-haired arched-backed dogs and long-haired flat-backed dogs. There is no difference between the two dogs in personality and wisdom, but their body shape and fur are different. Long-haired straight-backed dogs are usually eliminated by breeders after bitches breed puppies. It is usually regarded as an atavism, which still happens to many purebred German shepherds.
King of dogs in the world-German shepherd: German shepherd, also known as "German dog", is known as "the king of dogs in the world". Because it looks like a wolf, it was once speculated that it might be a direct descendant of the wolf. In fact, it originally came from Germany. 1April, 999, the German shepherd ushered in its "centenary birthday". The German Shepherd Association and dog lovers celebrated the centenary of the birth of the "World Dog King" in different forms. 1890, German dog owners Stefanis and Maier began to improve and breed ——Elshachia, an old German shepherd dog. Von Stifani, a soldier, dreamed of cultivating a dog that was neither aggressive nor timid. He first painted his shepherd dog on the desk, and then bred with all kinds of excellent dogs until he reached the ideal prototype. 1April, 902 17, German shepherd dog was officially born in Karlsruhe, western Germany. That year, at a dog show, a cavalry captain named von Stifani first showed people his excellent breed carefully cultivated through numerous breeding experiments. The rise of raising dogs originated in Britain, when raising dogs was regarded as a symbol of fashion and wealth and power in the upper class.
However, the shepherd's keeper, Von Stifani, went against the trend. He believes that keeping a dog should not only be a kind of enjoyment and recreation, but more importantly, it should serve the society. In this spirit, he founded the German Dog Amateur Association in the same year. German shepherd dog became the most popular soldier, police dog and shepherd dog at that time. Many countries used it to help the army and police search for anti-virus products, arrest fugitives and patrol the border. In addition, it is an excellent shepherd dog and hospital dog.
German shepherd
After the First World War, a large number of German shepherds were introduced to Britain, and then quickly dispersed around the world. Become one of the most widely distributed and popular varieties. But the favorite shepherd dog is German. At present, there are about 500,000 sheepdogs in China, 90% of which are raised by families and become good partners and guardians of residents, and the rest are domesticated by police stations, customs, rescue organizations and other institutions. However, sheepdogs also have a disgraceful history. During World War I, German shepherd dogs were sent to the front to fight. During World War II, Hitler ordered his army to recruit 200,000 shepherds. These strictly trained German shepherds became the victims of escorting explosives and the gatekeepers of Nazi concentration camps. Later, after the completion of the Berlin Wall, it also served as the guardian of the East-West German border. In the peaceful era after World War II, German shepherd became a movie star and played an important role in many TV series, which was deeply loved by people, especially young friends. In the TV series Officer Rex, the German shepherd dog performed well. This film has been translated into 26 languages and shown all over the world, which has been widely circulated, and German shepherd dogs have become famous all over the world. German shepherd dog is of medium build, with dark and shiny face, thick hair, erect ears and almond eyes, strong muscles, pointed claws and straight back. Strong body, symmetrical and harmonious parts, dignified and graceful posture, good physiological function and strong reproductive ability. Because the coat is mostly dark gray, or the abdomen is gray and the back is dark gray, it is commonly known as "black back". What is particularly unusual is that it is extremely sensitive and highly vigilant, and is known as the "natural police dog". Its hearing is sensitive, usually stronger than human 16 times. When acting, he is bold and fierce, alert and flexible, agile and light, and has a high desire to track things. Running speed can reach 60 kilometers per hour. Quiet and steady, full of patience, combining rigidity with softness, strong dependence and easy training. It is smart, loyal and has a tacit understanding with its master. Therefore, German shepherd dogs are widely used in various fields, especially military dogs and police dogs, and have made great achievements in tracking, rescue, drug search and guarding [1].
[Edit this paragraph] [Temperament]
This breed has very obvious personality characteristics: direct, bold, but invincible. Expression: Self-confidence and obvious indifference make it difficult for him to approach and establish friendship. This breed must be approachable, stand there calmly, appear confident, be willing to accept the arrangement and not be opinionated. He should be calm, but if the opportunity permits, he will be enthusiastic and alert. He has the ability to be a companion dog, watchdog, guide dog, shepherd dog or guard dog, and can do any job. He can't appear timid and shy, hiding behind his master or trainer; Never appear neurotic, look around, look up or show nervousness. If you hear strange sounds or see strange things, pick up your tail. Lack of self-confidence in any environment is a sign of poor psychological quality. Poor temperament is a serious defect, so it is best to let him leave the game scene. The referee must be allowed to examine his teeth, testicles and other parts. Any attempt to bite the referee is disqualified. The ideal German shepherd should be a working dog that is not easy to buy. Its body structure and gait enable it to complete very difficult tasks, which is the primary purpose of setting standards.
[Edit this paragraph] [Text type]
The ideal shoulder height for men is about 24~26 inches; The ideal shoulder height for women is about 22 to 24 inches.
German shepherd is slightly longer than its height, and the ideal ratio is 10/8.5. Body length is measured from the sternum to the pelvic end and ischial spine. The ideal body length is not only provided by the length of the back, but the overall length (symmetrical proportion, coordinated with the height). Viewed from the side, the body length consists of the length of the forequarters, the length of the withers and the length of the hindquarters.
[Edit this paragraph] [Title]
The head is noble, the lines are concise, powerful and not clumsy. But the whole body should not be too slender, and it should be coordinated with the proportion of the body. The male head is obviously majestic, while the female head is obviously feminine.
Expression: sharp, smart and calm. Eyes: medium size, almond-shaped, slightly inclined, not prominent. The darker the color, the better. Ears: slightly pointed, proportional to the head, forward, when paying attention, the ears stand upright. The ideal posture (ear posture) is that the center lines of the ears are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the ground when viewed from the front. Cutting or hanging an ear is a disqualification.
From the front, the forehead is moderately arched, the head is inclined and long, the muzzle is wedge-shaped, and the stop is not obvious. Muzzle: Long and strong, with the contour parallel to the head. Nose mirror: black. If the nose mirror is not completely black, it is disqualified. The lips fit well and the chin is strong. Teeth: 42 teeth, 20 maxillary teeth and 22 mandibular teeth, with strong teeth and scissors bite. Maxillary protrusion occlusion or pincer occlusion does not meet the needs, and mandibular protrusion occlusion belongs to disqualification. The dentition is complete. Except for the first premolar, the loss of other teeth is a serious defect.
[Edit this paragraph] [Neck, topline, body]
The neck is strong, muscular, well-defined and relatively long, in proportion to the head, and there is no loose skin. When he is concerned or excited, his head will be raised and his neck will be held high. Otherwise, the typical posture is that the neck is stretched forward (supporting the head), not upward, so that the head is slightly higher than the shoulders, especially during exercise. Topline: The withers are in the highest position, leaning backward and transitioning to a straight back. The back is straight and very stable, without sinking or arching. The back is quite short, giving the impression that the whole body is deep and reliable, but not heavy. Chest: from the sternum, full, until between the legs. The chest is deep and wide, not shallow, giving enough space for the heart and lungs and protruding forward. From the outline, the sternal process is in front of the scapula. Rib: well expanded and long, neither barrel chest nor flat chest. The ribs extend down to the elbows. The correct rib tissue allows the elbow to move back and forth freely when the dog trots. Too round ribs will affect the movement of elbows and make them valgus; Too flat or too short ribs can lead to elbow flexion. The ribs are properly backward so that the waist is relatively short. The abdomen is stable and there is no big belly. The curve of the lower abdomen only rises moderately at the waist.
Waist: Seen from above, it is wide and strong. Viewed from the side, the length from the last rib to the thigh is incorrect and does not meet the needs. Hips are long and gradually inclined. Tail: The hair is thick, and the coccygeal vertebra extends at least to hock joint. The tail is smoothly combined with the buttocks, low in position, not too high. When resting, the tail is straight and slightly curved, showing a saber shape. Slightly hooked, sometimes leaning to one side of the body, is a defect (to the extent that it will destroy the overall appearance). When the dog is excited or exercising, the curve will strengthen and the tail will protrude, but it will never curl beyond the vertical line. Short or hard tails are serious defects. A broken tail is a disqualification.
[precursor]
Shoulder blades are long and inclined, lying flat and not too forward. The upper arm is at right angles to the scapula. Shoulder blades and upper arms are muscular. No matter which angle you look at, the forelimbs are straight and the bones are oval rather than round. Jaw bone is strong and elastic, with an angle of 25 degrees from vertical. The wolf claws of the forelimbs can be removed, but they are generally preserved.
Feet are short, toes are compact and arched, pads are thick and strong, and toenails are short and dark black.
[Hip]
Viewed from the side, the whole thigh tissue is very wide, and the upper and lower thighs are muscular and stable, at right angles as far as possible. The upper femur is parallel to the scapula, and the lower femur is parallel to the upper arm. The metatarsal bone (the part between hock joint and paw) is short and strong, and it is closely combined. Wolf claws, if there are wolf claws on the hind limbs, you must pull them out. Claws are the same as forelimbs.
[coat]
The ideal dog has a double coat of medium length. The outer coat should be as thick as possible, and the hair should be straight, thick and flat to the body. Slightly wavy coat, usually bristles, is allowed. The head, including ears, forehead, legs and soles, is covered with short hair, and the neck hair is long and thick. The hair behind the forelimbs and hind legs is slightly longer, extending to the epiphysis and hock joint respectively. Defect: the coat is soft; Filamentous shell; The coat is too long; Wool coat; Curly hair; Open your coat.
[color]
The colors of German shepherd dogs are changeable, and most colors are allowed. Strong colors are the first choice. Dim colors, fading, blue and liver colors are serious defects. The white dog was disqualified.
[gait]
German shepherd's gait belongs to trot type. Its physical structure determines that he is competent for his job. Overall impression: its gait is beyond imagination, elastic, very relaxed, steady and rhythmic, with a very large stride and low frequency. When pacing, the stride is large because the stride of both forelimbs and hind limbs is large. The stride length of the front and rear legs is not so big during the trot, but the overall stride length is still quite large, and the action is powerful but relaxed. Because of the coordinated and balanced movements, the gait is stable, just like a machine with good lubricating oil. When the paw is extended forward or pushed backward, it is very close to the ground. In order to achieve the ideal gait of this breed, very developed muscles and strong ligaments are needed. The driving force of the hindquarters, through the back, transmits strong power (slightly upward) to the whole body and pushes the body forward. (Hindlimb) Stretch under the body for a certain distance, cross the footprint left by the front paw, and the rear paw firmly grasps the ground, and the hock joint, the rear knee joint and the upper thigh begin to move and push back. Until the hind leg movement is completed, the hind paw always clings to the ground and moves smoothly. Overstretched hind legs will cause one hind paw to fall outside the footprint of the front paw and the other hind paw to fall inside the footprint of the front paw. This action is not a defect unless he deviates from the correct walking straight line and leans to one side.
Transmission: A typical smooth gait requires a solid and stable back. All the efforts of the hindquarters are transmitted to the forequarters through the waist, back and shoulders. For a correct trot, the topline must be stable and horizontal, and it is not allowed to swing, roll, shake or arch. Topline is not horizontal (withers are lower than hips). In order to match the forward driving force provided by the hindquarters, the shoulders must be completely relaxed, and the forelimbs must be extended to a great extent to match the movement of the hindquarters. The footprints of German shepherd dogs should not be two parallel lines far apart. When trotting, your paws should be inward and close to the center line of your body to maintain balance. Footprints are very close, but they cannot overlap or cross. From the front, the forelimbs (from the shoulders to the foot pads) form a straight line; Viewed from the back, the hind limbs (from the hip to the foot pad) form a straight line. Defect: Wrong gait (whether viewed from the front, back or side) is considered a serious defect.
[Edit this paragraph] [Disqualification]
Cut or lose an ear.
The nose and neck are not all black.
Muzuzui
dock
White coat
[Edit this paragraph] Evaluation criteria
Standard chart of appearance appraisal of German shepherd dog
Too long a body
Short body
Hip tilt
The back is too soft
The hip line is too oblique and the chest and abdomen line is too close.
The body is too long and the legs are too short.
The whole feeling is too heavy.
The topline and buttocks are inclined and not full.
The topline is too short and the shoulders are too low. These two points should be covered in the standing position, so that the hind legs are queen mother.
Schematic diagram of each part of German shepherd dog
Generally speaking, German Shepherd is a medium-sized dog breed. The allowable height of German shepherd dogs should be between 60 cm and 65 cm, and the allowable height of German shepherd dogs should be between 55 cm and 60 cm. The standard height should be in the middle, that is, 62.5cm for male dogs and 57.25cm for female dogs. The ratio of body length to height should be100:11-117, which is about 9: 10. Measurement of height (the vertical distance from the shoulder blade to the ground is the height).
Chest depth accounts for 45% of height, forelimbs account for 55% of height, head length accounts for 40% of height, tail naturally droops, and the length should exceed hock joint when standing naturally. When the dog stands naturally, the neck naturally protrudes from the scapula at an angle of 45. (see photo)
In order to facilitate description and understanding, the overall structure of German shepherd dog is divided into four parts: head, front, trunk and rear, and common review terms are attached for dog friends' reference.
[Edit this paragraph] Distinguish the parts of German shepherd dogs.
First, the head: this part is easier to understand, that is, before the neck of the German shepherd, we commonly call it the head.
Second, the front and front: this part should be understood as the back of the neck to the scapula. Including the dog's neck, shoulder blades,
Chest, front legs.
Third, the middle, trunk: this part refers to the German shepherd from the shoulder blade to the back in front of the pelvis, excluding the "pelvis."
It mainly includes the back, waist and abdomen.
Hindquarters: This part refers to all parts behind the pelvis of German shepherd dogs, mainly including the tail and hind legs.
Distinguishing explanation of different parts of German shepherd dog
The distinction between different parts of German shepherd and dog is not necessarily strict, just for the convenience of narration and understanding. For example, whether the forequarters include the neck remains to be demonstrated. Whether the hindquarters should include tails remains to be studied. In view of the sequence of SV review, the customs and habits of Taiwan Province Province in China and Japan, and the differences in language translation, this paper explains here, focusing on the understanding of German shepherd dogs. Such as the translation of SV comments, including preface, forehead, front box and so on. There is no completely unified name.
Head: This part mainly includes the collocation of eyes, ears, nose, mouth, teeth and the whole, that is, the "expression" often mentioned in comments.
German shepherd's head size is moderate (by no means too much better), the length of the head should be 40% of the body height, and the width of the forehead and the length of the head should be one to two, neither too long nor too thin. The nose is as long as the neck and forehead, and the eyes are higher than the middle nose and neck (see the schematic diagram), that is, the part above the eyes is higher than the nose and neck, and the forehead and nose and neck are straight, which is a disadvantage. The dog's upper and lower jaws are strong and powerful. The front of the upper line of the bridge of the nose is slightly raised, parallel to the maxillary line.
Ears: Ears are moderate and erect. Seen from the front, the width of the nose and neck is equal to the distance between the two ear roots. Tilting ears inward and outward is a disadvantage.
Eyes: medium size, round, slightly prominent, color is an important indicator to measure eyes, that is, dark black is the second, dark red is the second ... In short, the heavier the eye color, the better.
Teeth: All the teeth of 42 sheepdogs. 20 upper teeth and 22 lower teeth. Scissors bite. The ratio of maxilla to mandible is moderate, the maxilla or mandible is too long, or the maxilla is too short, that is, covering occlusion and reverse occlusion, and congenital missing teeth is a serious defect (see schematic diagram).
There is no specific regulation on the coat color of German shepherd's head, but the muzzle of the nose and jaw must be black, otherwise it is a serious shortcoming. The soft tissue in the mouth, which is commonly known as cheek skin, is darker in color.
Schematic diagram of ABCD canine teeth
upper mandible
Observing the head is an important link to judge the quality of German shepherd dogs. Many extremely important evaluation indexes are determined by the examination of various parts of the German shepherd's head. Such as: temperament, disposition, courage, attention, eyes, color, ear shape, overall expression and so on.
Now, the "hardware indicators" and evaluation grade clauses of German SV mainly evaluating German dog heads are summarized as follows:
First, the matters reviewed by the person in charge:
A. dog head: very strong, slightly narrow and thin.
B. Eyes: dark black, deep and shallow (see left picture)
C. Maxilla: strong, satisfied, narrow and relaxed.
D. Mandibular: strong, satisfied, narrow and relaxed.
E. Teeth: healthy, firm and complete, scissor bite, slightly soft, partially brown, missing teeth, slightly open front teeth. Dog aging: Yes/No, slightly biting. Double premolars: p 1 or left, p 1 or right; P 1 and left, p 1 and right.
Two, through the person in charge of the review of the project
1. Nature: stable, natural and quiet.
2. Note: existing and existing satisfaction.
3. Nervous condition: stable, slightly nervous.
4. Non-binding: existing and existing satisfaction
5. Bitter indifference: existing, existing satisfaction
6. Emotional (sexual desire) self-protection and endurance: it exists and is obvious.
7. Facial expression: full of energy and expression.
Forward cabin/forward cabin
This part mainly includes the neck, chest, scapula and forelimbs.
This is an extremely important part of the German wolfhound structure, which is ignored by domestic dog friends.
Neck: German shepherd's neck should be strong, straight and muscular, and the skin should not be slack. When German Shepherd stands naturally, its neck should be at an angle of 45 with its body, slightly raised when excited, and slightly lower when scurrying or tired. See schematic diagram.
Forechest: Forechest is mainly composed of scapula and upper carpal bone. Theoretically, it should be an angle of 90, but it is rarely achieved. Everything within the boundary of 1 15 is polar lattice, and the closer to 90, the better. This item can be understood as the improvement and development direction of the bone angle of modern German wolfhounds. The ratio and angle between the scapula and the upper carpal bone have a decisive influence on the dynamics of German shepherd dogs, which is an important index to measure the quality of German shepherd dogs. See schematic diagram.
Forelegs: Forelegs should be longer than chest depth, accounting for 55% of body height. It is customary to look from the side, because the lower chest of German shepherd dogs has hair, which should account for about 50% of the body height. The lower chest line should be above the elbow joint of canine forelimb, otherwise it will cause obstacles to canine movement, which is very important. At present, some dog friends just blindly pursue the "flat fan" with big breasts, which should be within the standard proportion. See schematic diagram.
Elbow and wrist: the toes and claws of the forelimb, that is, the wrist joint, should make an angle of 23 with the forelimb, so that the German shepherd can save energy when walking for a long distance. From the front, the German shepherd dog has moderate forelimb spacing, straight legs and too wide or too narrow chest. In addition to the correct angle and proportion, this part also emphasizes the elbow joint. Now the German Wolfhound has begun to require X-ray examination of the elbow joint in addition to the femoral joint before it can be selected as a dog. Femoral joint, like elbow joint, is the weak point of bone development of German German German shepherd. Due to poor heredity or management, it is easy to cause lameness or disability, which seriously affects the "service" performance of German shepherd dogs.
Toes: This part includes forelimbs and hind limbs. German shepherd's toes should be close, short and close together, and the phalanges should be raised and elastic. The toes of the hind limbs can be slightly longer to facilitate jumping. Claw structure is solid, the color is black, the lighter the white is, the lower it is, and the disadvantage is obvious.
Review the items and horizontal terms about forelimbs.
First of all, the description of the German shepherd's body involves many forelimbs, mainly including:
0 1. Height: large, medium, large and medium.
02. Chest depth: moderate proportion, deep or shallow.
03. Forechest angle: It can be bigger, smaller and slightly inclined.
04. Constitution: strong, moderately strong, dry, a little strong and thin.
05. Limbs: robust, moderately robust, dry and satisfied, a little thick and a little thin.
06. Muscles: robust, firm and satisfied, dry and satisfied.
07. Forelimb standing/ligament strength: excellent, good and satisfactory.
08. Strength of front and rear claws and toes: Good, satisfactory.
09. Front face: straight, slightly inclined to the toe width/narrow position, not completely straight, and the active part slightly protrudes.
10. pace-step forward: very good, very good, free step, satisfied.
General review terms also include: according to height, there are big, medium, big and medium. According to the size of bone mass, there are large and medium sizes. It is mainly used in translation in Taiwan Province.
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The following is Kunming dog information provided by Baidu Encyclopedia:
Kunming dog, produced in Kunming, is a hybrid of excellent wolf breeds, which has been bred for nearly 40 years.
Kunming dogs have typical physical characteristics of purebred dogs. Symmetrical, strong and flexible. The hair is short, and its color is blue-gray, grass yellow and black back.
Kunming dogs have strong attachment, lively and calm, fast training subjects, flexible conversion between excitement and inhibition, and easy to achieve balance.
Kunming dog is an excellent military dog and police dog with stable tracking, identification and search ability.
Kunming dogs are gradually spreading to all parts of the country.
Kunming began to choose Yunnan folk wolf breed dogs from 1950, and after 38 years of careful cultivation, it became a new fine breed dog.
The Kunming dog is what we call a German wolfhound. The black-backed Kunming dog is very similar to the German black-backed, but after improvement, it does not have the fatal defect of the German black-backed-the rear hip collapses downward like a heavy brick. Kunming dog is also used as a police dog, but it is better than German black back in some respects, and it is an excellent domestic dog breed. Kunming dogs have strong adaptability to plateau climate, cold environment and high temperature. In our army and public security criminal investigation front, it is widely used in border patrol, case detection, drugs and explosives detection. It can also be used as a guard dog for units and individuals.
Appearance and coat color of Kunming German shepherd (according to coat color)
1. Appearance (regardless of the overall situation of the department)
Kunming German shepherd, of medium height, well-proportioned, meticulous and strong. The head is wedge-shaped, with obvious outline and thin skin; The face is slightly longer, the nose is straight, and the nose mirror is black; Eyes are almond-shaped, dark brown and apricot yellow, ears are naturally upright and shine forward, with moderate size and flexible movements; Tooth scissors bite; The neck is slightly longer; The chest is deep and slightly narrow, the back and waist are straight, the chest bulges backwards through the abdomen, and the abdominal circumference is small; The body is close to a square; The forelimbs are upright, and the hind limbs are slightly bent backward (the hock joint angle is148 "); The limbs are thin, the joints are strong, and the front and rear limbs have wolf claws; The body height is higher or slightly lower than the body height, the tail is sword-shaped, some are hooked, long and white, but not lower than the hock joint, and when excited, it inclines higher than the horizontal line of the back and waist. Adult breed dogs: weighing 28-38kg (average male and female); Height 59-69 cm (average for men and women). As far as working ability is concerned, the physical appearance and nerve type of Kunming German shepherd are beneficial to the speed, agility and tracking endurance of sports. It has strong adaptability to plateau, cold, high temperature and high humidity areas, and is especially suitable for mountain operations. In addition, it has good reproductive performance, strong motherhood and strong, balanced and flexible nerve types, so it is an excellent comprehensive military dog and police dog.
2. Coat color and strain:
According to the color of German wolfhounds, there are different kinds, including cyan (wolf green), black, reddish brown and dark black. Reddish brown has a whole line and three patterns. In addition, there are all white or white with mottled spots. Except for black dogs, most of them are light-colored, and the German shepherd dogs with black back and yellow belly are all of this hair type.
The coat color of Kunming German Shepherd is relatively simple, including blue gray (wolf blue), grass yellow (light brown) and black back (black back, abdomen and limbs are lighter, brown or tan. Therefore, according to the coat color, Kunming German Shepherd can be divided into three strains: cyan, yellow and black back. The body shape, appearance and nerve type of each part were measured in table 1 and table 2 respectively.
3. Features:
Strong attachment and excitement. Kunming dogs have strong adaptability to plateau climate, cold environment and high temperature.
There are three strains of this variety, and the excitement and inhibition of Langqing strain are relatively easy to reach a balance, and its achievements and abilities in pursuit, identification and biting are relatively comprehensive. The grass yellow strain has long-lasting excitability, strong athletic ability and strong tracking ability, and is not easy to suppress after excitement; Black-backed strain has high excitability, fierce temperament, strong activity aggression, strong initiative, strong vigilance, protection and strong bite.
Kunming dog, produced in Kunming, is a hybrid of excellent wolf breeds, which has been bred for nearly 40 years. Kunming dog has the physical characteristics of a typical German shepherd. Symmetrical, strong and flexible. The hair is short, and its color is blue-gray, grass yellow and black back. Kunming dogs have strong attachment, lively and calm, fast training subjects, flexible conversion between excitement and inhibition, and easy to achieve balance. Kunming dog is an excellent military dog and police dog with stable tracking, identification and search ability.
varietal characteristic
Kunming is the first excellent working dog successfully bred in China. Moderate body shape, symmetrical body shape, slightly square, recommended height close to height, thin skin and short coat, tight bone structure, compact body, muscular, strong joints, upright hind legs and agile movements. Good working performance, strong reproduction, stable heredity, strong adaptability and strong disease resistance.
working performance
Nerve types are mainly active and excited, bold and fierce, active and defensive, alert, reflective, excited and eager for things, loyal to the master, good dependence and obedience, and concentrated attention.
China Kunming Dog
Moderate size, symmetrical appearance, slightly square. The head is wedge-shaped, the outline is clear, the nose is straight, the ears are upright, the back and waist are straight, the height is close to the recommended height, the chest depth is less than half of the height, the abdomen is contracted, the abdominal circumference is small, it has a sword-shaped or hooked tail, the skin is thin and the hair is short, the hair color is wolf blue, black and black, and there are tan markings. Male dogs are 6 1 ~ 70 cm tall, 66 ~ 76 cm long and weigh 28 ~ 40 kg. Bitch is 58 ~ 66 cm tall, 65 ~ 74 cm long and weighs 26 ~ 36 kg.
Police performance: lively and excited, sensitive sense of smell, bold and brave, aggressive, excited, obedient and healthy. Suitable for criminal investigation, patrol, escort, riot prevention and drug control [1].
Kunming Heibei strain (Heibei)
Appearance characteristics: the coat color is black on the back, grass yellow on the abdomen, big head, wide face, short nose, short and thick mouth tube, large distance between ears, obvious butterfly spots on the face, dark brown eyes, short neck, large abdominal circumference, developed limbs and strong body.
Characteristics of the police: strong excitement, fierce temperament, active and aggressive, and outstanding achievements in vigilance, guardianship and biting.
Kunming dog grass yellow strain (straw yellow)
Appearance characteristics: the hair color is grass yellow, the head, neck and abdomen circumference are between wolf blue strain and black-backed strain, the nose is full, the limbs are handsome, the body shape is slightly smaller than the other two strains, and the eyeball is apricot yellow. Easy to roll back.
Police characteristics: continuous excitement, strong sports ability and strong tracking ability.
Wolf black strain of Kunming dog.
Appearance characteristics: the coat color is wolf blue, the head is small, the face is small, the nose is long, the snout is slender, the distance between the ears is small, and the eyeball is dark brown. The neck is long, the abdomen is small, the muscles are strong, and the tail is slightly longer and straighter.
Police characteristics: calm and lively, strong attachment, easy to balance excitement and inhibition, good performance in identifying, tracking and biting, comprehensive working ability and wide use.
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Note that Kunming dogs are very similar, because they are bred by German shepherds, but their market value is much lower than that of German shepherds. Many illegal dog vendors often use Kunming dogs or puppies of Kunming dogs and German shepherd dogs as German shepherd puppies for sale.
Therefore, it is suggested that if you want to buy a German shepherd, you should ask to see its parents or even one parent as much as possible.