Thirteen passes of the Great Wall
As an ancient military defense system in China, the Great Wall played a key role in ancient campaigns. It repeatedly resisted foreign invasions and defended the land of the Central Plains. Along the Great Wall, there are many passes in and out of the Great Wall in various traffic arteries and throat areas. And while one man guards it, ten thousand cannot force it? These passes have always been a battleground for military strategists. Thirteen passes of the Great Wall are the most important of these passes. From east to west, the thirteen customs are: Shanhaiguan, Huangyaguan, Juyongguan, Zijingguan, Daomaguan, Pingxingguan, Piantouguan, Yanmenguan, Niangziguan, Shahukou, Jiayuguan, Yangguan and Yumenguan.
Niangziguan
What we want to talk about is the gateway of Sanjin and the ninth pass of the Great Wall of Wan Li? Niangziguan, which is located at the junction of Shanxi and Hebei provinces, is a dangerous pass of the Great Wall of Wan Li. It has always been a battleground for military strategists.
Niangziguan was first built in the Warring States Period, which was one of the passes of the Great Wall built by Sun Yat-sen during the Warring States Period. In the Tang Dynasty, the garrison of Chengtian Army was established, and later the Chengtian Military City was built. The Song Dynasty built "Chengtianzhai". In the Ming Dynasty, it was called Chengtian Town. In the Qing Dynasty, the "Guguan Camp" was built and stationed in different divisions. Because Guancheng is located at the southern end of the "Neisanguan Great Wall" inside the Great Wall of Wan Li, it is called "the ninth pass of the Great Wall of Wan Li".
There is a couplet on Niangziguan: "Who is the best in Xiongguan? The fortress is 3 thousand. ? The ancient castle is surrounded by mountains and rivers, commanding, and two related doors are built. The east gate is a general brick gate with a platform castle on it, which was used for reviewing soldiers and watching the enemy in ancient times. Why is this magnificent pass named Niangziguan? It is related to a princess in the Tang Dynasty, who is Princess Pingyang of the Tang Dynasty.
Princess Pingyang
Princess Pingyang Zhao is the third daughter of Tang Gaozu Li Yuan and the beloved daughter of Li Yuan's first wife, Queen Dou. Marry the military commander Chai Shao as his wife since childhood. After marriage, Princess Pingyang and her husband Chai Shao settled in Chang 'an, and they were very happy in two of a kind.
In May 617, Li Yuan decided to rise up against the Sui Dynasty. Before Tang gaozu arose, Princess Pingyang Zhao and Chai Shao were in Chang 'an at that time. Tang gaozu sent an envoy to secretly call Chai Shao, so Chai Shao immediately went straight to Taiyuan from the small road. Princess Pingyang stayed.
After Chai Shao left, Princess Pingyang secretly returned to Li's manor in her hometown, Lingxian County, disguised herself as a man, and called herself Li Gongzi. She sold the local industry and recruited a team of several hundred people. The news that Tang gaozu was fighting in Taiyuan came. Princess Pingyang heard the news and was determined to recruit more troops for her father.
Princess Pingyang contacted anti-Sui rebels everywhere. Princess Pingyang, with her superhuman courage and talent, recruited four or five insurgents with considerable scale in the Jianghu in more than three months.
She also formed a team with only women. This team has strict military discipline. As long as she gives orders, they can do it, and the whole team respects her very much. Later, this team also won the support of the people, and many people came here. Soon, the number of this team has exceeded 7,. In those years when the mutinous soldiers rose, this army was widely supported. People call Princess Pingyang "Li Niangzi" and her army "women soldiers".
Princess Pingyang has a high military ability, and she can't let a man take care of her. The rebel army led by Princess Pingyang not only defeated every attack of the Sui army, but also was like a bamboo, and successively captured many sites of the Sui Dynasty.
In September 617, Li Yuan crossed the Yellow River and entered Guanzhong. At this time, he was very happy to see that Princess Pingyang had laid a large territory for him in Guanzhong. Next, Princess Pingyang chose more than 1, soldiers to join forces with Li Shimin on the north bank of Weihe River, and * * * attacked Chang 'an. Soon they conquered Chang 'an.
After conquering Chang 'an, Princess Pingyang once again made contributions to the mountains and rivers of the Tang Dynasty. Because tang gaozu won chang 'an at that time, but he only roughly controlled half of the guanzhong, surrounded by enemies. After stabilizing Chang 'an, Tang gaozu immediately turned around to deal with Xue Ju, who had the land of Longxi, and Li Gui of Liangzhou.
Princess Pingyang's main task at this moment is to defend the Li family's stronghold of Shanxi, and the place where she is stationed is Niangziguan. Shanxi is the barrier between the Central Plains and the Guanzhong area, and Niangziguan is the throat of entering and leaving Shanxi. Princess Pingyang led an army to be stationed at Niangziguan, which was originally named Weizeguan, but it was renamed Niangziguan because Princess Pingyang led tens of thousands of "women soldiers" to be stationed here. Princess Pingyang was always brave when she was stationed in Niangziguan, with her body and hands on her knife. When Princess Pingyang was stationed in Niangziguan, there was another legend.
After Princess Pingyang led women soldiers to station in Niangziguan, she built fortifications and made strict defense, so as not to give the enemy an opportunity. Once, when Liu Heita launched a massive attack, Princess Pingyang saw the enemy's ferocity. On the one hand, she was in an emergency in Taiyuan, and on the other hand, she directed women soldiers and the residents to defend themselves. The situation in Niangziguan is very dangerous because of the shortage of troops in Shanhaiguan pass. Faced with an army several times larger than her own, Princess Pingyang was in a hurry, pacing anxiously on the tower, thinking about ideas, and at the same time looking far away, waiting for reinforcements to arrive. Suddenly, she happened to see the millet with a promising harvest in the distant field, and suddenly she used her quick wits, so she ordered the soldiers and civilians in the city to immediately harvest, set up pots and cook rice soup with new rice. After the rice soup was cooked, Princess Pingyang made all the people take advantage of the night to pour it into the ravine before closing. The next day, rice soup was overflowing in the ravine in front of Niangziguan. When the enemy sentry found it, he suspected it was horse urine and quickly reported it to the commander. The commander-in-chief went out to watch, only to see banners flying on the rostrum, soldiers and civilians shouting loudly and drums beating, and he misjudged that reinforcements had arrived. For fear of being ambushed, the enemy finally retreated without fighting. Wait until I know that this is the timing of Princess Pingyang's suspected soldiers, and reinforcements have arrived in Taiyuan, so Liu Heita's army can only sigh.
Princess Pingyang lived up to her mission, helped her father defend Shanxi, and made Li Yuan have no worries. She spared no effort to remove obstacles and settle the world. Princess Pingyang contributed greatly to the establishment of the Tang Dynasty. Cao Cao once praised Sun Quan and said? Have children like Sun Zhongmou? . Judging from the brilliant record of Princess Pingyang, we can say:? Give birth to a daughter like Princess Pingyang. ?
Xu Chai Shao
Chai Shao, the husband of Princess Pingyang, was a famous figure in the Tang Dynasty, ranking 14th among the 24 heroes of Lingyange.
Chai Shao was famous for his Ren Xia when he was young, and he was agile and courageous. At first, he was an official in the Sui Dynasty, preparing for the Yuan De Prince Qianniu, who was bandu, the son of Emperor Yangdi. Tang gaozu arose, and Chai Shao defected to Tang gaozu, and led the general manager of Ma Jun. Tang gaozu led Chai Shao and his generals to conquer Chang 'an, and took the place of Wang Yang You. Chai Shao entered Doctor You Guanglu and made Linfen County Duke. Fenyang is also called Pingyang, and the title of Princess Pingyang comes from this.
Li Yuan proclaimed himself emperor in Chang 'an. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Chai Shao was named General Zuo Yiwei. Chai Shao soon joined Li Shimin, the king of Qin, in the United War. Ping Xue Ju and his son defeated Song Jingang, defeated Wang Shichong, captured the battle between Luoyang and Tiger Prison in Dou Jiande, and repeatedly made meritorious military service. Therefore, he was named Huo Guogong, given 1,2 households in the food city, and turned into General Right Xiao Wei.
in the early years of Zhenguan, he paid homage to General Right-Wei, went out to be the secretariat of Huazhou, and turned to General Left-Wei. Participate in the battle of Dingxiang, from destroying the East Turkistan, accumulating the generals of the town army, pacifying the capital of Liang Shidu, and changing the title of Lord protector.
Princess Pingyang died in 623 AD. She was only in her twenties when she died. She died young and the cause of death was unknown. Bury with a military salute after death. Princess Pingyang and Chai Shao have only one son, named Chai Lingwu. Tang Gaozong participated in the rebellion and was forced to commit suicide.
Princess Pingyang is one of the few female generals in the history of our country. She is famous in history for her bravery and record, and will remain immortal. The people of Sri Lanka have passed away, and future generations are idle and sad. I heard these lyrics:? Dim the sword and shadow, far away from the drums and horns? Take the responsibility of the past, how to judge the future. The Yangtze River intentionally turns into tears, and the Yangtze River sings with emotion. There are several stars twinkling in the historical sky, and a heroic spirit is galloping in the world. ? I would like to express my memory of Princess Pingyang with this song.