She was born in 1448 (13th year of Ming Dynasty), from Wanggu, Mongolia, and her father's name was Chuo Lokte Moore. Manduhai first married Mongolian Khan Mandulu as Little Hatun (Mrs.), and with Manduhai Lu Sheng, they had two daughters, named Princess Polokachin and Princess Iksi. Princess Pollock Qin married the grandmaster Jia Gaslan, and Princess Ixey married the fire screen. Tugaslan and Huoshai were lords in most parts of Mongolia at that time. Tugaslan system should not be split, and Huoshai system was full of officials and ministers. Manduhai is the side room of Manduhai Creary. Wang Jiabu is the in-laws of Genghis Khan's golden family for generations. Man Duhai practiced martial arts since childhood, and his political and military talents were outstanding. At that time, there were 60,000 households in Mongolia, and 10,000 households were directly under the jurisdiction of Khan. She inherited the direct departments of Khan, including some departments that merged with Bolohu. Mongolia has always had the custom of heirs receiving the side rooms of the deceased. Because Manchu ancient music has no heir, no matter who Khan is, he can marry the former Khan's wife and concubine.
According to the normal procedure, a new Khan should be selected first. Then Khan took over his wife, family, property, cattle and sheep. However, according to the records of Mongolian history books, the situation at that time was reversed, and everyone was eager to ask for relatives and friends in Tu Hai. How come... My guess is that Man Tu Hai's outstanding organizational ability makes Khan's direct department loyal to himself, breaking the idea that many people should make Khan first and then win the department. In addition, many people who wanted to win the throne of Khan were not direct descendants of Genghis Khan. However, due to custom, one party with different surnames can't take part in this competition. So it evolved into who can marry Man Duhai, who can receive the result that many people are sweating.
At that time, among all the people who proposed to Manduhai, the most advantageous one was King Unne Beurotte in Horqin. Armed to the teeth, this man sent troops to help the Mongolian headquarters quell the Willat rebellion. However, he is not a direct descendant of Genghis Khan, but a descendant of Genghis Khan's younger brother Cesar. Therefore, in theory, he has no prerequisite for inheriting the throne of Khan. But the strength in his hands should not be underestimated.
However, Manduhai made a decision that surprised everyone: to marry Batumenko, an orphan left by Balohu. This decision is unexpected, not only because the age of Manduhai is much older than that of Batummunk (some Mongolian historical materials think it is 25 years older). My calculation is about 15 years old. See appendix for details). In terms of generations, Man Tu Hai is Batumonko's great-aunt (senior three generations), and it is also because Polo was an enemy of Mantuhule not long ago.
In fact, it seems absurd to marry Batuminko, but in fact it is helpless. At that time, after the previous slaughter, the descendants of the gold family were relatively thin, and Batumonko was probably the highest inheritance order at that time. Judging from the previous example, if you change your surname into Khan, you will immediately become the target of public criticism. If you marry King Beurotte in Uzbekistan, those who manipulate the affairs of state, such as Eugenisland and Eastman, will naturally not sit idly by and watch the power of Beurotte in Uzbekistan expand rapidly, and once Willat's ministries unite to attack, the Mongolian headquarters may not be able to resist it. Marrying a child like Batumonko not only conforms to the unwritten rule that non-gold families are not allowed to inherit Khan's position, but also does not offend any party's forces prematurely. Moreover, Batumonko's young age can also let the powerful ministers relax their vigilance. Why not?
Therefore, Manduhai politely declined King Anne Beurotte, saying, "Can the descendants of Hasal inherit the inheritance of their master (referring to Genghis Khan)? Can the descendants of the master inherit Hasal's legacy? There are doors that can't be pushed open and thresholds that can't be crossed. The descendants of the master are still there, and I can't do it. "
He also rebuked Sadai, who advocated marrying King Beurotte in Nune, and said, "Do you think Khan's son is young? You think all people have no brains? Do you think Hassan's descendants are strong? Do you think I'm lonely and helpless? Your brain is broken, you are a bunch of nonsense! "
Finally, Mantuhai swore an oath to Weather (Hatun in western Hubei, said to be the coffin of Genghis Khan's wife Kyle Borotie or Kublai Khan's biological mother Rousseau Hetini) in front of King Umeboro.
"I got married to be a daughter-in-law in a black and white place.
I am honored to be listed as a descendant of Khan.
Hassan's descendants want to marry me,
I came to your mother's ear (palace account);
I didn't know the difference between flowers and horses when I married my daughter-in-law.
Hazare's grandson looked down on your first grandson,
He relies on bullying,
I am desperate to come to your ear.
If I give in to the power of Unneborot,
Looking down at your broad lintel,
Looking down at the high threshold,
I am willing to let you stretch out your sleeves and demote me as a handmaiden;
If Unnebrot bullies your descendants,
Forced marriage,
I implore you to catch him by karma.
If you believe me, mom,
Believe me, I sincerely protect your offspring Batumenko,
Be his good wife,
Then please bless me,
Give me seven boys to put on my coat,
Give me a girl in a coat.
With your generous gift,
Just name it seven borots (meaning steel),
May they be as strong as steel,
Continue your incense. "
According to Yin Bo Lake's A Generation of Tianjiao and Its Successors. )
This oath is inexplicable. King Unneborot actually ate the hollow jiaozi and returned to the fief.
Manduhai and Da Han Yan later gave birth to seven sons and a daughter. All seven sons are named after steel (Borot).
According to the origin of Mongolia, the order of children in Manduhai is as follows:
Turubrot and Urus Burrot (twin brothers)
Princess Toulouse and Bar Sboro (twin brother and sister)
Arzu Borot (List)
Alezuborot and wazir Borot (twin brothers)
Albrot (list)
According to the golden history outline, the order is as follows
Turubrot and Urus Burrot (twin brothers)
Arzu Borot and Barr Sboro (twin brothers)
Alezuborot and wazir Borot (twin brothers)
Albrot (list)
Princess Tululetu (only daughter)
According to the Mongolian Borzijit genealogy, the order is as follows
Turubrot and Urus Burrot (twin brothers)
Arzu Borot and Barr Sboro (twin brothers)
Alezuborot and wazir Borot (twin brothers)
Albrodt and Princess Turuletto (twin brother and sister)
Manduhai officially assisted Batumonko as the Great Khan and named him Dayan Khan. Dayan Khan used to mean "Dayuan Khan". However, it was later verified that "Dayan" is a variant phonetic notation of "Tayang" in the Secret History of Mongolia, which means "Du". "Dayan Khan" means "the sweat of all people".
Whatever Dayan Khan means. The real purpose of Manduhai and Han Yan, who grew up under her education, was to unify Mongolia and restore Dayuan Jiangshan.
Manduhai's first goal was to conquer Mongolia's old enemy, Willat. Because Khan was young, Manduhai put him in an quiver and slung it over his body for self-defense. In the genealogy of Mongolian Borzijit Banner, it is recorded that the Manduhai conquered Willert for the first time: "Hessian full of the sound Hatun was a pro-cavalry, so that Alai of Keton Department cleared the way for the land of Tesbourdu, fought Willert, won and served it with 40,000 Willert. General Willert was ordered: Later, this house was barely called a temple, and the crown tassel should not be longer than four fingers. People who live in the house are not allowed to kneel, and people who eat meat are not allowed to cut, so the name of "Wujie" (yogurt) is changed to "Zage". He knelt down with a meat knife. I know now. Violet is still pursuing. "
Willert in this article is Villat. This war is recorded in the Outline of the Golden History and the Origin of Mongolia.
This battle is quite fierce. Man Duhai personally wielded a knife and went into battle. Helmets were cut off in a hurry. (Press: The Outline of the Golden History says that when Willat saw the long hair on the sea, he threw her a helmet. Able to shrug off all the sea, put it on and rushed in. This statement seems to be inaccurate. In any case, the enemy had no reason to throw a helmet at her. I think the helmet was cut off, trapped and rescued by his men. Mongolian history books sometimes use this tune to describe the intensity of the battle. But exaggeration is distorted. )
According to Mongolian historical records, the next enemy to be conquered in Manduhai was the great god Zu garce Lan who killed Da Han Yan's father. Shortly after returning from Wyatt's victory, Manduhai made persistent efforts. Chahar and Tumut, together with Dayan Khan, led the two armies to Bogaslan again. This time, Manduhai sent a man named Zhang Ji first. Timur; The minister of Accra suddenly went to Bogsland's tent for reconnaissance, and then he led his troops. Jia Gaslan was alert. The sudden arrival of Accra made him feel that there was going to be a catastrophe, so he quickly called in the army to prevent accidents. At this time, Manduhai led a large group of troops to raid with lightning speed. Master Tuaslan escaped alone. Madame Manduhai sent troops after her. In Chaer Depression, Qi Le, the master Tuaslan was killed by two generals sent by Man Tu Hai. Madame Manduhai and Dayan Khan destroyed the enemy, took over all the troops in Bogasilan and successfully retreated.
In May of the 15th year of Chenghua, Lu only heard from hearsay that Tugaslan, the grand old gentleman, was killed by Eastman and Dragan. Or because the horse is taken for granted because of her loud name.
The last enemy of Manduhai is Master Eastman. The decisive battle was to destroy Ye Si Ma Yin. According to Shi Minglu, this battle took place in the 19th year of Chenghua (1483). I also think that the horse is surrounded by the allied forces of Dayan Khan and Infinite Ha Sanwei. He dare not continue fighting. In a panic, he beat and retreated with his wife and fled to the west. All his men became prisoners, and several children were taken away by Sanwei. He kept running west, and finally retreated to his lair in the north of Hami to get back his desperate efforts.
Three years later, Ismail, who was desperate, was shot by General Shao Shi of Dayan Khan. After the destruction of Eastman, the Mongolian left wing (Mongolian headquarters) has been firmly in the hands of Dayan Khan. And the right wing (Willard ministries) has also surrendered. Mongolia is basically unified under the rule of Dayan Khan.
However, Man Tu Hai failed to see the final victory. The description of this peerless woman with both civil and military skills in Mongolian history came to an abrupt end around 1480. What happened? My guess is, but before he conquered, he was already dead, all over the sea, and died in a night attack by the Ming army around 1480.
Although Manduhai passed away, the great cause of Mongolian reunification initiated by her was inherited and consolidated by Han Yan. After completely destroying the right-wing rebels, Dayan Khan re-enfeoffed the Mongolian ministries. All parts of Mongolia are mainly for their descendants. Although this is still not the end of infighting. But I don't know how much better than the previous war years. Because of this, the Northern Yuan Dynasty could continue to fight against the Ming Dynasty for more than 100 years.
Appendix: Textual research on the death of Man Duhai
As for the death of Manduhai, it is actually only some inferences based on the clues already in the history books. In order to confirm this inference, we must have a detailed chronology.
The biggest problem in studying Mongolian history is that there is no detailed chronology. Although the history before Genghis Khan was vague, the history after Tuoba Tiemu withdrew from Beijing was also a mess.
The history of the Northern Yuan Dynasty is mainly recorded in the Outline of the Golden History and the Origin of Mongolia. The problem is that these two history books are six points true, three points myth and one point Lamaism. They conflict with each other. "The Origin of Mongolia" mostly adopts the chronology of dry branches. However, it is often wrong to compare the dates of China's history books with the events that happened in the dry year. Of course, the translator may or may not have added the chronology of cadres and branches in the book.
As far as the time when Dayan Khan ascended the throne is concerned, there are different opinions. In the Origin of Mongolia, it is said that he lived to be 80 years old and died of turtle hair. There are three years from 1400 to 1600 * *: 1423, 1483, 1543. According to the Records of Ming History, the little prince (because the Northern Yuan Dynasty was a young master for several years and the Taishi was in power, all the emperors in the Northern Yuan Dynasty were called little princes in the Ming Dynasty) paid tribute to Xia Xianshu in the first year of Hongzhi (1488). Obviously, this year is 1543. 1543 minus 80 equals 1463. Some history books emphasize that Manhattan is 25 years older than Biyan. Manduhai was born in A.D. 1448 (13th year of orthodoxy). If Batumonko ascended the throne at the age of seven, Man Tu Hai would be 32. It should be 1480. But according to the origin of Mongolia, Batummunk is 1480 17 years old. Ming history. Until the 31st year of Jiajing (A.D. 1552), the story of "The little prince also took advantage of the gap to become a bandit and made a declaration of Chicheng" was still circulating in the biography of Tatar. It is not clear whether this "little prince" is Batumonko Dayan Khan or his grandson Bodi Taji.
But the popular saying is that Dayan Khan was born in 1474, died in 15 17, and lived only 44 years (the legend of Khan in altan). I was only six years old when I acceded to the throne. According to this statement, by the time Batumonko enters adolescence and has fertility (assuming 12 years old), Manduhai should be 37 years old. Manduhai gave birth to eight children for Batumonko. Some books think it is four pairs of twins. Some books think that there are not so many twins. The earliest couple of these children should have been born after 1486.
But this is not without problems. The Outline of the Golden History and The Origin of Mongolia both record that Manchu Hai Huai fucked the twins Aleckchu Borot and wazir Borot (these two people rank differently in various history books, and the origin of Mongolia is called Lao Liu and Lao Qi. ) I was attacked by Willard during the war and almost killed. According to the above timetable, this war should take place after 1486.
However, from the day when Manduhai helped to establish Dayan Khan, it went out to unify Mongolia. Because Khan is young, Cotton (Manduhai) puts him in an quiver and carries it on his body for protection. The war lasted about 1486. The decisive battle was to destroy Ye Si Ma Yin. According to Shi Minglu, this battle took place in the 19th year of Chenghua (1483). Three years later, Yi Sima was killed. Mongolia is basically unified under the rule of Dayan Khan.
However, comparing the records of pregnancy distress in Manduhai, we can find that it is impossible for Manduhai to get pregnant in these six years. Therefore, it is very problematic to say that Man Duhai is several years older than Da Yanhan. I tend to say that Mandu Kurhan died in 1467 (the date of death is unknown), when Mandu Hai 19 years old and Batummunk was 4 years old. Batumonko, University of Man Tu Hai 15 years old. From 1467 to 1480, Manduhai has been exploring the west with Batumonko to the east. 4-year-old children can be put in quiver, 7 years old is too big. According to the Golden History, Manduhai went to Willat in the Year of the Ox. 1469 is the year of the ox. It is estimated that during this period, she is still using the name of Mandu Gule Khan, so in China's history books, she only knows that there is Mandu Gule Khan, but she doesn't know that there is Mandu Sea. In addition, the pronunciation of Manduhai and Manduhul Khan is similar, which is not necessarily mistaken for a person by Ming Dynasty historians. By 1480, when Batumonko 17 years old, Manduhai officially returned power to him. Therefore, according to Mongolian historical records, he ascended the throne in 1480. Because most Mongolian history books do not pay attention to chronology, later generations mistakenly thought that Batumenko was still a child in 1480.
Most of the records about Manduhai ended in the 19th year of Chenghua (1483) when Yersimaine was destroyed. Interestingly, Man Duhai had been a personal expedition before, but she could no longer see her heroic spirit on the battlefield. For the next three years, the battle with Ismail was commanded by Shao Shi, who picked up the torch. How can you trust Shao Shi who is not as good as yourself and let him have knowledge from the sea? This is very strange.
So my guess is that Mantuhai died before Chenghua 19. Because the present enemy, the ministries of Willat conquered by her are not stable, Dayan Khan decided not to send out a funeral in secret. As a result, there is no detailed record about the death of Manduhai in Mongolian history books.
So how did Man Tu Hai die? 1483, Man Tu Hai was only 35 years old. It is too early for a military commander to die of illness. So one possibility is to die in battle, and the other possibility is dystocia. All babies in the sea are twins. Giving birth to twins is a very dangerous thing. Even now, obstetricians need extra care for pregnant women with multiple births. 35 years old is on the threshold of high-risk maternity (if she was born in 1438 according to Mongolian descent, then she is 45 years old, and she is a high-risk maternity. However, The Origin of Mongolia also said that 1480 Manchuria was only 33 years old, which was inconsistent anyway. ), so it is not impossible to die during childbirth.
The problem is that 1483 Manduhai may not be pregnant. So it could be death. If you die, the most obvious possibility is to die in the decisive battle with Hysmans. However, in that case, Dayan Khan can not mourn, and Eastman, who beheaded him, will not be so polite. It will make full use of her death. In this way, Mongolian historical records should be another kind of record.
According to China's historical records, in July of the same year when Eastman was defeated, the geese Khan attacked Datong and defeated the Ming army. In August, Dayan Khan attacked Fu Xuan again and was repelled. Yi Sima's defeat was in May. Why did Dayan Han attack the Ming Dynasty in less than two months? At this time, I also think that although Ma Yin was defeated, his strength is still there. Han Yanyan and Man Duhai, no matter how stupid, should know that they can't make enemies on both sides.
There is a little-known detail in the Outline of Golden History. Before attacking Yersimaine, Dayan Khan and Manduhai moved Wang Ting to Chahangle (suspected as Chahar). Somehow the news got out, and they were attacked by the Ming army at night. In panic, Khan and the cordon fled overnight. (Outline of the Chinese translation of the Golden History of Mongolia, pp. 87-88)
In March of the sixteenth year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty, it was recorded in article 1480 that Wang Yue took 20,000 people with the rank of prefect to Yulin for self-defense. Passing through Datong, I heard that the enemy account was stationed in Wei Ninghai (now South Huangqihai, Jining), that is, I led an army out of the lonely shop at night and arrived in Wei Ninghai through Maoerzhuang. During the storm, the world was dark. Wang Yue attacked and killed young men and women 17 1 person, beheaded 437 people, and got six dry horses, camels, cattle and sheep.
So this night attack is recorded in the history books of both sides. The description of Manduhai in the Outline of the Golden History disappeared after the night attack.
Did Mann Tu Hai not escape, or did he die to cover Dayan Khan in this night attack? I think it's quite possible. The Ming army that killed her may not know her identity. Even if we find her body, we don't know who she is. Even if he knew that, in the absence of the wild goose Khan, Ming Dynasty historians might not think that killing his queen was a great thing. 1480, Manduhai was 33 years old. At that time, some people thought that the power of Maine was in full swing, and Dayan Khan should have more reason not to mourn.
After defeating Ismain, Dayan Khan attacked Chase and Fu Xuan to avenge his wife. But after all, he is a man with a political mind. After the siege was frustrated, I realized that neither front could fight, so I had to retreat temporarily. Even two years later, in order to stabilize the rear, he asked the Ming Dynasty for trade. But when Eastman was completely destroyed and Willard was completely pacified, he was not so polite to the Ming Dynasty. From 1493 to 15 16, there were more than ten consecutive large-scale traffic jams. It also provoked the personal expedition of the "military town governor" in the Ming Dynasty.