Legendary monster
The ancient Zhong Ding Yi wares were carved with the head shape as decoration. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals": "Zhou Ding is gluttonous, with Kubinashi's body, and cannibalism is not swallowed, which is harmful to his body." "The Miraculous Classic of Southwest Wilderness Classic": "The southwest is crowded with people, hairy, wearing tapirs on their heads, greedy as wolves, greedy for their own wealth, and not eating people's valleys. The strong seize the old and the weak, and fear the shackles and strike orders, which is called gluttony." Song Shaobo's Record after Hearing, Volume 26: "At the beginning of Shao Shengchu, the ancestor was an official in Chang 'an Mansion. He sold soup and cakes at the people's house in front of the Han Gaozu Temple in Xicheng, and got a white jade, which was more than a foot high. It was carved with clouds and dragons all over the place, and it was built as a sacred mountain in the sea, which was enough for gluttony and was a treasure of three generations." With the changes of the times, the gluttonous patterns in Shang and Zhou Ding, which implied the meaning of governing the country, were gradually forgotten by people, and later generations exaggerated the gluttonous part of the gluttonous image. Su Dongpo once wrote an article "Ode to the Gourmet", saying, "The beauty of the polymer is built to support my gourmets", which added cuteness to the gluttony. Up to now, friends who like food are called "gluttons".
In The Classic of Mountains and Seas, the word "linlin" refers to gluttony.
ding and gluttony
gluttony is good for food, so it stands on the lid of ding. He also said that gluttony is called gluttony, so gourmets are commonly called "gourmets"; Greedy for money. Representing greed in human nature in the world.
The Biography of Wei Shu Huan Xuan, an avaricious person, says: "Taking my concubine's tyranny is almost the same as six bodies, which makes the servant of Shangshu shoot as a matchmaker, and the long history is to welcome guests, feast and celebrate the long autumn."
gluttony
gluttony (15 photos)
The first scene of Cao Yu's Peking Man: "And he is the most particular about eating. He is a famous glutton and is good at tasting the beauty and evil of food." "Gluttony" is a mythical beast in China's ancient legends, and its greatest feature is that it can eat. It is an imaginary mysterious monster. This monster has no body because he eats his own body too much, only a big head and a big mouth. He is very greedy and finally eats himself. It is a symbol of greed, so it is often used to describe gluttonous or greedy people.
Tang du fu's poem "muntjac" reads: "Dressed as a thief, gluttonous with a beard." Qing Liyu's "Naihetian Partner Vinegar": "In the end, you will not be gluttonous, and the first guests will endure emptiness." Nie Gannu's <: Weeds > ":"The evil spirits of human beings are perched on these living bones, and they are feasting on human flesh in their dead lives. "
Metaphor of greed
Greedy and incomplete "The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, Biography of the Wenyuan, Liu Kun": "There is no policy of clearing benefits in the family, but there is a danger of gluttony; There is no loyalty in the festival, but there is a crime of rape. " Ai Qing's poem "Reed Flute Ma Qian": "Its gluttonous whale swallowing can make the rich land in the East suffer more than the locust attack and drought, and it is deep and beyond rescue!"
One of the Four Fierces
Eighteen Years of Zuo Zhuan and Wengong: "Shun Chen Yao, a guest in four schools, lived among the four fierce families, chaotic, Qiong Qi, graceful and gluttonous, and cast himself over four generations to resist the charm. It is because Yao collapsed and the world was one, and Dai Shun was United, thinking that he was the son of heaven, and he used his sixteen phases to go to the four evils. " "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals Rely on Jun [1]": "To the north of Sakamoto, eagles, birds, countries to spy on, gluttony and Qiong Qi." The four fierce people only use chaos, Qiong Qi, elegance and gluttony as metaphors.
other definitions
gluttony means tattoo totem, with the aborigines in Australia as kabang next to the family, Li people in Hainan as tauttan, Miao people in western Hunan as disciples or Tu Tu as a tone change. "The Biography of Nan Man in the Later Han Dynasty": The famous canal commander said that the fine husband and the wife called for the disciples.
Back to the surname of Liang Shizu in the Southern Dynasties, Wang Ji of Wuling was given the surname of Taotie. See Liang Shu] b] Biography of Wang Ji of Wuling.
One of the seven deadly sins in the Divine Comedy, gluttony is wasting food, or overeating, drinking too much or hoarding too much food. Dante's view is "excessive greed for pleasure."
2 Historical Records Editor
In Ci Hai, it is recorded that
gluttony is "the legendary evil beast of gluttony. In ancient Zhong Ding, the shape of its head was carved as a decoration. " When explaining the word gluttony in Ci Hai, it is said that gluttony means "greed", and in History of Rites and Music, Yan Shigu's note: "Greed means gluttony." Especially gluttony.
The Miraculous Sutra Southwest Wilderness Sutra: "There are people in the southwest, with hairy bodies and tapirs on their heads. Greed is like evil, accumulating wealth without using it, and being good at stealing people's grain (the original sentence "Good at accumulating wealth without eating people's grain", according to the "Historical Records of the Five Emperors", justice was introduced and changed). The strong take the old and the weak, and fear the strong and strike the single, which is called gluttony. "The Spring and Autumn Annals" is a gluttonous person, and Jinyun is also a talented person. "
In the 18th year of Zuo Zhuan and Wengong, it is said: "The Jinyun family is a scholar, greedy for food and drink, taking bribes from goods, invading desires and being extravagant, and cannot be greedy; Accumulate and accumulate facts, and don't know the truth; Regardless of the widowed, there is no pity for the poor. The people of the world are more fierce than three, which is called gluttony. " This is the so-called "Spring and Autumn Annals" in the Divine Classic.
An Overview of Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals: "Zhou Ding was gluttonous and had Kubinashi's body, but he didn't swallow his body when he ate, so it's even more rewarding to say so." [2]
Song Luobi's "Biography of Human-God" notes that: "The God of Human-God is not often shaped, and the three generations of Yi wares are like many human-gods, which is the ring of those who are greedy and abusive. Its image rate is animal-shaped, and it is rich in meat wings. " If you slap what you say, you are almost gluttonous.
Zuo Zhuan says that gluttony is "the Jinyun family is not a gifted scholar", and Historical Records of the Five Emperors says: "The Jinyun family is a gifted scholar, greedy for food and taking bribes from goods, and the world is called gluttony." Jia Xuan was quoted in Historical Records of the Five Emperors: "Jinyun's family, Jiang's surname, was a descendant of Emperor Yan, and he was an official in Jinyun when he was the Yellow Emperor." The surname of Jiang Chiyou is also a descendant of Emperor Yan (Biography of the Road History Chiyou), so Chiyou is probably the "incompetent" gluttony of Jinyun. According to legend, gluttony is the result of resentment from the beheading of Chiyou after he was defeated by Emperor Yanhuang, and it has the ability to devour all things. It was sealed by the Yellow Emperor with a Xuanyuan sword (a dragon tattoo on the sword) and guarded by the lion family for generations (a gatekeeper lion). And "Yan Yan" recorded in Shan Hai Jing Bei Ci Er Jing, Guo Pu thought it was the gluttony of Zuo Zhuan.
"supernatural beings and monsters": there are evil beasts in the extreme south of China, with black eyes, a long neck and four feet, fierce in nature and extremely greedy. If the March is swift and swift, it will be a disaster. A kind of dragon water beast, with a diagonal head and a cold body, most of them are bluish-white, tens of feet long, sometimes mild and sometimes violent, and they fly up and stir up dozens of feet of water waves, which is extremely powerful.
There is a cloud in the Miraculous Classic of the Wild West: "Gluttony, the name of the animal, the body is like an ox, the face is human, and the eyes are under the armpit, eating people."
3 Gourmet Culture Editor
Gourmet is a legendary beast that is extremely gluttonous, so gluttonous that it eats up all its own body, so its shape is generally without a body. "An Overview of Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" said: "Zhou Ding was gluttonous and had Kubinashi's body, but he didn't swallow his body when he ate, so it's even more rewarding with words." In the ancient mythology of China, gluttony is one of the four evils. Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor fought against Chiyou, and Chiyou was beheaded, and his first landing turned into gluttony. There is a cloud in Shan Hai Jing Bei Shan Jing: "There is more jade on the mountain of Gouwu, and more copper under it. There is a beast, which looks like a sheep's face, its eyes are under its armpits, its teeth are claws, its voice is like a baby, and it is called a man-eater. "
gluttony
According to Guo Pu's annotation in the Jin Dynasty, "gluttony" here means gluttony. There is also a similar record in the Miraculous Classic of the Wild West: "gluttony, animal name, body like an ox, human face, eyes under the armpit, cannibalism." According to Shu Yi Jing, gluttony refers to the Sanmiao people in the southwest, while Chen Mengjia, a close friend, further said that gluttony is Chiyou, while Mr. Liu Pingping's Query on the Dramatic Patterns of Bronzes is considered as Shennong. There is a legend that the dragon gave birth to nine sons among the people in the later period. In the Ming Dynasty, Lu Rong and Yang Shen listed gluttony as one of the nine sons of the dragon, which is already a kind of attachment. In Lu Rong's Miscellaneous Notes on the Garden, it is recorded that gluttony "is good for water, so the bridge is built", while in Yang Shen's Collection of Ascending the Temple, it is recorded that "gluttony is good for food, so it is built on the tripod".
The animal face decorations of Shang and Zhou bronzes reflected people's worship of natural gods at that time, so they had a mysterious and solemn atmosphere. But there are different opinions on what these mysterious decorations represent. Bronze ware is the embodiment of the ancestors' consciousness of "respecting God" in Yin Shang Dynasty, while the Zhou Dynasty developed into "respecting heaven and legalizing ancestors", forming a trinity of religion, political power and clan power. Most scholars believe that the rulers of Shang and Zhou dynasties used the "ferocious terror" of bronze decorations to express the "mysterious majesty" of kingship, so as to express their possession of political power, status and wealth, which is daunting. Slave owners placed all their majesty, will, glory, fantasy and hope in these horrible and ferocious ornamentation. Mr. Zhang Guangzhi also thinks that "bronze is politics and power", but he thinks that these animal patterns are not intended to intimidate, but to communicate with God. Due to the low level of productivity in primitive society, many unexplained phenomena are attributed to the power of God. People are full of awe of the gods, begging for them, pleasing them, and dominating things with the help of divine power. Therefore, wizards who can communicate with the gods have a very high status, and the wizard class has become the original imperial ruling class. Sacrifice is the privilege of wizards, and it is also the central link to communicate between man and God and sanctify the human order. Wizards use the animals on bronzes to communicate with gods, so these strange animal patterns also represent mystery and power. According to the research of Mr. Zhang Changshou, a gentle Chen Gong, the most primitive form of the faceless animal face pattern is just a pair of round bubble-shaped breast nails to show the eyes of the animal face, which can be traced back to Erlitou culture, and then gradually added nose, horns, ears and eyebrows to become an animal face with complete organs. Eye order is the main body of animal face pattern, because animal face pattern generally only has eyes, it should have originated from prehistoric eye worship. There are pairs of eye patterns on prehistoric painted pottery, and there are pairs of eye patterns on jade. In the late Neolithic age, there were standard animal face patterns and simplified forms of animal face patterns, namely eye patterns. According to Mr. Tang Huisheng's research, the gods in shamanism are also sun gods, and the sun gods are often painted as eyes, because in many ancient myths, the sun is called the "eye of heaven". For example, the sun god of the Polo Sect, also known as "the eye of the sky" or "the eye of the world". Scholars who hold this view believe that the traditional gluttony pattern is not only a kind of animal face pattern, but also belongs to the god or sun god. The emphasis on the eyes in the gluttony pattern is the description of its characteristics as the sun god-light. [3]
This decorative pattern of gluttonous pattern first appeared on the jade articles of Liangzhu culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River 5, years ago, but it is more common on bronzes, especially on Ding, and as far away as Erlitouxia culture.
However, the name "gluttonous pattern" did not exist in ancient times, but was named by Song people when epigraphy rose. The most perfect gluttonous mask is 21. cm high and is now in the Seattle Library. This decoration usually takes the bridge of the nose as the center line and is symmetrically arranged on both sides.
what exactly does gluttonous grain mean? There have always been different arguments, and so far there is no conclusion. There are many types of gluttonous patterns in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, some of which are like dragons, tigers, cows, deer and mandrills. Others are like birds, phoenixes and people. Among all the decorative patterns, gluttonous patterns are the most widely recognized as tiger shapes.
In ancient times, the tiger was also a very important god beast, and the figure of a wizard riding a tiger often appeared in later cultural relics.
In the long cultural history of China, before the worship of "Dragon and Phoenix", there was a long period of dragon and tiger worship. Long Hudou's pattern modeling was very popular from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to the Western Han Dynasty, among which the dragon and tiger fighting figure unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb was the most exquisite and extraordinary. The ancients thought that the tiger was a yang beast, "the cloud follows the dragon and the wind follows the tiger." Fighting between dragons and tigers indicates intercourse between yin and yang. In the Han Dynasty, black dragon, White Tiger, Suzaku and Xuanwu represented the four astronomical officials of the Middle East, West, South and North. At least, in the early history of China, the status of the tiger was not below that of the dragon. However, the description of the magical power of the tiger in ancient books is obviously difficult to compare with the prominent position of gluttony in bronze ware.
The real name and prototype of the beast referred to in the animal face pattern have long been buried in an era that can't be reproduced. Later generations named it gluttony because of its ferocious, mysterious and horrible face, and some of them have human heads in their mouths. Gourmet was originally used in Zuo Zhuan to describe the heartless and unjust person who was greedy for money and food. Modern scholars have pointed out that naming the animal face tattoo as a gluttonous man is far-fetched and contrary to the social and cultural conditions of Shang and Zhou Dynasties.