The Hong family has seven origins:
(1) The Hong family is descended from the ancient Yan Emperor Shennong and is a descendant of the Han Dynasty workers.
In ancient times, there was a **** worker. Historical records record: "The **** worker had a human face, a snake body, and red hair." According to "Yuanhe Surname Compilation" and "Shangshu", * Since the time of the Yellow Emperor, Huanggong has held the official position of managing water conservancy in the world and is revered as the God of Water. During the reign of Emperor Zhuanxu, the emperor's workers raised an army to fight for the world. After their failure, they knocked down Buzhou Mountain in anger, which supported the heaven and earth. When Dayu arrived, the Gong family became disobedient again. After Dayu suppressed them, they were expelled from the Central Plains. The descendants of *** workers added three dots of water next to the surname "***" and changed their surname to Hong, firstly to avoid revenge, and secondly so that future generations would not forget that they were descendants of the water god.
(2) The Hong family is a descendant of the * Kingdom.
According to "Tongzhi Clan Briefing", there was a country called *** in the Western Zhou Dynasty (the old city is in Huixian County, Henan Province today), which was called Uncle ***. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Han Dynasty was destroyed by the Wei Kingdom. The descendants took *** as their surname, and later added water to form a flood.
(3) The Hong family was after Emperor Hong (i.e. Xuanyuan family).
According to "Road History", it is said that there were people named Hong after Emperor Hong (i.e. Xuanyuan family).
(4) The Hong family was after Yanghou.
At the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Boqiao, the concubine of King Wen of Zhou Dynasty, was granted the title of Marquis of Yang. Yanghou State established its capital in Hongdong (now Hongdong County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province), also known as Hongdong State, and its descendants took the country as their surname.
(5) Hong (Hong) changed his surname to Hong to avoid taboo.
1． During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Emperor Xianwen of the Northern Wei Dynasty was named Tuoba Hong, and Emperor Xiaowen was named Yuanhong. At that time, the Hong (Hong) surname in the north was changed to the Hong surname to avoid taboos.
2． According to "An Examination of Hundred Family Surnames", the surname Hong in Yuzhang and Hong in Changzhou was changed to Hong to avoid the name taboo of Emperor Ming Li Hong of the Tang Dynasty.
3. According to the "Surname Yuan Yun Pu", Liu Hongchang and Liu Hongguo of the Five Dynasties changed the name to Hong to avoid the name taboo of their father, Taizu of the Song Dynasty.
(6) Other surnames from other clans.
During the Qing Dynasty, the surnames of the Eight Banners in Manchuria were Aixinjueluo, Hongjia, Hongyi, etc., all or part of which were later changed to Hong; the Kizil family of the Yugu tribe had a Chinese surname of Hong.
(7) There are people with the surname Hong among the ethnic minorities.
Manchu, Korean, Mongolian, Zhuang, Tujia and other ethnic groups in my country all have the surname Hong.
(8) His surname was changed: It came from Weng He, a native of Putian, Fujian Province in the late Tang Dynasty and the Fujian period, after the fifth generation of Sun Weng Gandu. Belonging to the elders, the surname is given as a surname. The change of surname Weng to avoid chaos is another major source of the surname Hong. The surname Weng is a branch of the surname Ji. According to records such as "Yuanhe Surname Compilation" and "Liuguitang Congjian", in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the descendants of King Zhao's concubines were granted the title of Wengshan (today's east of Dinghai County, Zhejiang). Taking the town name "Weng" as his surname. During the Dezong period of the Tang Dynasty, He Gong, a branch of the Weng family, entered Puyang from the Central Plains and lived in Xingfuli, Puyang (today's Gaozhuzhuang, Beigong, Putian City). He was the ancestor of Puyang and passed into the fifth generation, giving birth to Weng Gandu. Weng Gandu was a doctor in the Min Dynasty (936), married his wife Chen, and gave birth to six sons, named Hong, Jiang, Weng, Fang, Gong, and Wang. His six sons were all Jinshi, and they were known as "Liu Gui" in history. Lianfang". The eldest son Chu Hou, given the courtesy name Boqi, was a Jinshi in the first year of Emperor Jianlong of the Song Dynasty. He was promoted to Wai Lang, the Secretary of the Ministry of Rites, and later changed his surname to Hong; the second son Chu Gong, also given the courtesy name Boqian, was a Jinshi in the second year of Emperor Yongxi of the Song Dynasty and became a Quanzhou Facao; the third son Chu Yi, courtesy name Bo Jian, was a Jinshi along with his eldest brother in the first year of Jianlong, Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty, and was promoted to second lieutenant in Jiannan; the fourth son, Chu Pu, also named Bodun, was a Jinshi in the sixth year of Kaibao, the Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty, and became a judge in the official capital of Cao; the fifth son was Lian. , named Boyue. In the sixth year of Kaibao, Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty, he and his four brothers were ranked Jinshi. He was promoted to Sizhi and Supervisory Censor of Dali. Shaozhou Tongpan. The six brothers were all ranked as Jinshi, and their status was very distinguished. They were known as the "Liu Gui Lian Fang".
Most of the Hong family of the Han ethnic group believe that they are descendants of the ancient Yan Emperor Shennong, who was a descendant of the Han Dynasty. Legend has it that during the reign of Yu and Shun, the imperial workers were exiled outside Youzhou (today's Liaoyang City, Liaodong Peninsula). During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, descendants of Japanese workers had gradually entered the Central Plains. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, two fiefdoms with the surname Hong (i.e., Uncle ***'s *** Kingdom and Yanghou's Hongdong Kingdom) were divided into today's Huixian County in Henan and Hongdong in Shanxi. It can be seen that during this period, the surname Hong was active in Liaoning, Henan, Shanxi and other places. By the Han Dynasty, the Hong surname had spread to Hebei, Henan, and Anhui. During the reign of Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty (168-189 years), Wang Pu was the historian of Changle. At that time, the eunuch Cao Jie took over the power and killed Zhongliang.
Mao Zedong was afraid that the party imprisonment incident would be implicated and his life would be in jeopardy, so he abandoned his official position and went into seclusion, changed his surname from Yishui to Hong, and moved to Dunhuang. Hongpu developed into a prominent local family in Dunhuang. They regarded "Dunhuang" as the prefecture's headquarters and respected Hongpu as their founding ancestor. During the Three Kingdoms period, Hong Ju was the prefect of Lujiang (now part of Anhui Province) in Eastern Wu. Hong Ju was a native of Xuancheng (now Dingcheng, Anhui Province). "Xuancheng Ji" says: "Hongju, who was in charge of Luling County in the Wu Dynasty, carried earth on the bow of the boat. When he drove out people, he begged. Ju pointed to the bow of the boat and said: "Nothing, earth." It can be seen that during the Three Kingdoms period, Anhui Dingcheng is already an important settlement place for people with the surname Hong. Therefore, Xuancheng became another important county seat for the Hong family.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, a large number of Hong clan members from the Central Plains went south and entered Jiangxi, Anhui, Fujian and other places. When Chen Zheng entered Fujian in the second year of Zongzhang of the Tang Dynasty (669), Hong Youdao and other soldiers surnamed Hong from Gushi, Henan Province followed Chen Zheng into Fujian, and later settled in Zhangquan, Fujian. This is the first person with the surname Hong to enter Fujian.
During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (712-756), the surname Hong in Yuzhang was changed to Hong to avoid taboo. "An Examination of the Hong Family" records: "The Hong family name in Yuzhang (Nanchang, Jiangxi Province) was changed to Hong to avoid the Emperor Ming of Tang Dynasty." The Hong family name in Yuzhang was added to the Hong surname, making the Hong family name form three major lineages: Dunhuang, Xuancheng and Yuzhang. Around the time of Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty (780-805), Hongcha of Changzhou, Jiangsu Province "changed his surname to Hong to avoid the taboo of filial piety".
According to "Surname Compilation": "Hongcha, the censor of Piling, was born in Changzhou. His original surname was Hongye. He changed his surname to Hong to avoid the taboo of filial piety. When he gave birth to a son, he lived and gave up his family. When he gave birth to economics, he advised the officials. "At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Hong family, who had lived in Huangjingdun, Wuyuan, Huizhou (now Wuyuan, Anhui), moved to the east of Leping, Raozhou (now Raozhou, Jiangxi) to avoid the war, and changed his surname to Hong. This Hong family also became a branch of the Hong family in Yuzhang.
In the seventh year of Zhenyuan (791), Hong Yu’s fifth-generation grandson Honggui (also known as Dading) was demoted to the post of Chaozhou governor in Qianhantou Village, Jiuji Town, Putian County, Fujian Province (in today’s Hanjiang District). Later, he settled in Guishan, Chaoyang, and later moved to Qibei, Jiading, becoming the founder of the Hong family in Chaoyang. According to Chaozhou's "Hong Genealogy", Hong Gui's descendants are distributed in 12 counties, cities and more than 170 villages in Chaoshan (including Hailufeng), with a total population of more than 200,000.
In the Qianning period (897), when Wang Chao and Wang Shenzhi entered Fujian, many soldiers surnamed Hong from Gushi, Henan Province followed the army into Fujian. According to Jinjiang Yinglin's "Hong Genealogy", his ancestor Hong Gudan followed Wang Chao and Wang Shenzhi to Fujian from Gushi, Guangzhou, Henan. After moving three times, he settled in Yinglin Village, the 14th capital outside Nanguan, Jinyi. According to the "Hong Clan Genealogy" written by Huang Jingdun in Wuyuan, Jiangxi: Tang Gudan was the third son of the Honghan clan. He was ranked fourteenth in his generation, that is, the fourteenth son. In the second year of Zhonghe (882), he was Wang Xu's counselor. In the second year of Guangqi (886), he stationed himself at Rongquan Mountain in Wuzhou for Wang Chao. In the second year of Jingfu (893), he supported Wang Shenzhi to conquer Fuzhou. In the next three years, he moved to Yinglin, Jinjiang. Their descendants mainly live in Jinjiang Yinglin and dozens of villages around Yinglin, and have spread to Licheng, Nan'an, Hui'an, Anxi, Dehua, Yongchun and Tong'an in Xiamen in Quanzhou, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Southeast Asia.
At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, a group of people named Hong from Leping, Jiangxi Province moved to Ninghua, Fujian Province. Later, two groups branched off, one moved to Tangtian, Haiyang, Guangdong, and the other moved to Jiaying Prefecture (now Meizhou); He moved to Fengshun Buxin and then to Shikeng Yuping, Meixian District, Meizhou City (with Hong Guisheng as the founder of the sect). At the same time, a special Hong family emerged in Fujian, known as the "Liu Gui Lian Fang". This branch of the Hong family changed its surname from Weng. In the first year of Jianchenglong (960), Weng Gandu (898-951), who served as a doctor in Fujian in the Southern Tang Dynasty, changed his name and surname with his six sons, namely Hong, Jiang, Weng, Fang, Gong and Wang. Surname, flee and take refuge. Later, all six sons won the Jinshi in the three imperial examinations in the early Northern Song Dynasty, which is the legend of "three subjects and six Jinshi". The eldest son Weng Chuhou, courtesy name Boqi, was given the title of Dunhuang and his surname was changed to Hong. He was a Jinshi in the first year of Jianlong (960) and was awarded the title of Cheng Yilang. surname. Therefore, among the Hong family, there are those who take "Liu Gui" as their hall name. There are different opinions on whether Weng Gandu's six sons changed their surnames. Not only some people with the surname Weng have doubts, but some people with the surname Hong also have doubts. They think that "Liu Guitang" is just a kind of friendship, not a lineage.
In the first year of Qianxing (1022), Hong Ren, who had lived in Wuxian County, Suzhou, became the magistrate of Changtai County, Zhangzhou Prefecture, Fujian Province, and moved to Changtai with his family. According to "A Brief Introduction to the Origin of the Top 100 Surnames in Taiwan", Hong Ren is a descendant of the Hong family of Dunhuang in the Western Regions and Hong Pu. After Hong Pu moved to Dunhuang in the Western Regions, during the Song Dynasty, his descendants Hong Shihui returned to the Central Plains and moved to Wuxian County, Suzhou. After Hong Rensui entered Fujian as the magistrate of Changtai County, his descendant Hong Yuanzhang moved to Zhangpu and became the founder of Chetianxiaying.
His descendants can be found in Linxia Village, Jiuhu Town, Longhai City, and Linnei Lukou Society, Zhishan Town, Xiangcheng District. Miao descendants of the Hong family from Hongren are spread in Zhangzhou, Longhai, Zhangpu, Dongshan, Guangdong and overseas.
From the end of the Northern Song Dynasty to the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, the descendants of Hong Pu's 40th generation Sun Honghao and Hong Jiaokunzhong entered Fujian from Leping, Jiangxi, and then lived in Xiamen, Tong'an, Jinjiang and other places. During the Jianyan period of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1130), Hong Jiao served as Fuzhou Prefectural Governor and advised the officials. In the tenth year of Shaoxing (1140), Hong Jiao's second son, Hong Dao, lived in seclusion in Houtoubaoshe, Xiaodeng, Tong'an to avoid the war; his descendants were divided into Chudong, Caipu, Lianhu and Kinmen, commonly known as Xiahong Sanhong. In the third year of Jianyan of the Southern Song Dynasty (1129), Hong Hao used Huiyou Pavilion to be made, pretending to be the Minister of Rites, and went to the Kingdom of Jin as an envoy. Jin Guoliu will not repatriate. Hong Hao (1088-1155), courtesy name Guangbi, was a native of Hongyuan, Jinshan Township, Leping, Jiangxi (according to some data, Hong Hao actually moved to Wuchang in Yuhang, Hangzhou. A Hong Family Cultural Research Office in Wuchang Village was also established in Yuhang District, Hangzhou). ), the 40th generation grandson of Hong Pu, was a Jinshi in the fifth year of the Zhenghe reign of the Northern Song Dynasty (1115), and served as the chief secretary of Ninghai and the secretary of Xiuzhou. Hong Hao was powerful and unyielding in the 15th year of Jin Dynasty. He did not return until the 13th year of Shaoxing (1143). He was called "Su Wu of Song Dynasty". Hong Hao had three sons: the eldest son, Hong Shi, served as the governor of Shaoxing Prefecture and the pacification envoy of eastern Zhejiang; the second son, Hong Zun, and the third son, Hong Mai, both ascended the throne and were called "Three Hongs" and "Three Rui" at that time. In the spring of the 32nd year of Shaoxing (1162), Jin Shizong sent envoys Wanyan Yong to discuss peace, and Hong Mai was the accompanying envoy. So Hong Mai served as a special envoy to congratulate the King of Jin on his enthronement in the name of Imperial Academy and went to the Kingdom of Jin. The Jin people forced him to call him an "accompanying minister" (when the officials of the princes met with the emperor, they called themselves accompanying ministers), but he firmly refused and was detained by the Jin people. Like his father Hong Hao, he was loyal to the motherland and was known as "Father and Son Dual Loyal". Therefore, the descendants of the Hong family take the title of "Double Loyalty" to commemorate their ancestors. In the first year of Longxing (1163), Hong Zun's son Hong Mo followed his uncle Hong Jin and his brothers to Quanzhou, Fujian. Hong Mo led his sons Hong Qiu and Hong Xinbu to live in Yutou Village, Jinjiang; one of his sons moved to the foot of Shigu Mountain in Nan'an (today's Gushan Village, Shijing Town). In the second year of Qiandao (1166), Hong Mai was appointed as the magistrate of Jizhou (today's Ji'an, Jiangxi), and later to the magistrate of Ganzhou (today's Ganzhou, Jiangxi), and soon moved to Jianning Prefecture (today's Jian'ou, Fujian). In the same year, Hong Mai's second son Zhi Bu lived with Bai Puzhuang, the thirteenth capital of Fengli in Anxiang (now Hongcuo Village, Xindian Town). In the second year of Jingyan (1277), Hong Shi's eldest son Hong Quan's son Hong Qingxi became the prefect and moved from Sheshan Township, Leping, Jiangxi to Tong'an, Fujian; his descendants were distributed in Shitou, Xiting, Xiaban, Guokou and other places. Hong Shi's second son, Hong Kai, was divided into Shishilongku and other villages. It can be said that the Hong family in Leping, Jiangxi, took advantage of the family's prominent reputation and status to expand into Fujian, laying a good foundation for the development of the Hong family in Fujian. His descendants are spread throughout Fujian.
At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, Chen Shunzhai, a descendant of Chen Hongjin, the military envoy of the Qingyuan Army, and his son Chen Wenzhai entered Yingdu to avoid being pursued by Yuan soldiers. Chen Wenzhai married into Hong's family and gave birth to a son, Liangzhai, who took his mother's surname as Hong. Chen Wenzhai's wife, Hong, is a descendant of Hong Quan's grandson, Hong Tianxi. Hong Tianxi's son, Hong Junqing, moved to Yingshan from Wurong Shizhu under the pseudonym No. 9 envoys because he took refuge with his only daughter. After Chen Wenzhai joined Hong's family, he gave birth to a son who changed his surname to Hong and established his own hall name "Wengshan". According to the "Wurong Wengshan Hong Family Genealogy" written in the first year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1488): "The first ancestor of our clan, Shunzhai Gong, was the Chen family. He moved to Yingshan for refuge. The second ancestor Wen Zhaigong married into Hongmen, and the third ancestor Liangzhai Gong changed his mother's surname to Hong's family name. After that, his descendants spread, and the Guapui area spread. In view of the Yi surname, the ancestors did not take the hall name of "Yingchuan" or "Dunhuang". After the name of the place, Nan'an once established Wurong Prefecture and established its own hall name of "Wurong Wengshan". "The descendants of Hong Liangzhai are spread in 10 villages in Yingdu. The Xihua Hong family in Fengzhou moved from the Shishihajiang Flood Grotto. Fengzhou Xianhe Hongcuojue Hong family moved from Jinjiang Yutou. The Hong family such as Shijing Xianjing, Bedou, Yingqian, Fengzhou Wobing, Shuitou Youyuan, Dongtian Guantian, etc. branched from Jinjiang Yinglin.
In the early Ming Dynasty, the Shanxi Hong surname was one of the surnames of the immigrants from the Hongdong Sophora japonica tree, and was moved to Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi, Hubei, Jiangsu and other places. At the same time, people with the Hong surname in southern Fujian also migrated to various parts of the province and outside the province. Hong Rifang of the Huamei Hong family moved to Jingyang, Fuqing County; descendants of the Hong family of Dock Hongshan moved to Xianyou Huangsha and Jintian in Fujian and Pingyang Qiaodun in Zhejiang. Some descendants of the Hong family in Dongsanfang and Dongsifang in Yingdu moved to Yangtangpo and Fuqing River Estuary in Jiangping, Zhejiang; the descendants of the Hong family in Hongcuo, Fengzhou, moved to Longtian, Fuqing, etc.
At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, people of the Hong surname along the coasts of Fujian and Guangdong began to migrate to Taiwan.
According to relevant data, during the Yongzheng period (1723-1735), Hong Zhaoyuan, a member of the Banlong Baoche Tianxiaying and Cang sect in Zhangpu County, Zhangzhou Prefecture, Fujian, led his people to cultivate land between Maoluo Creek, a tributary of Wuxi, Taiwan, and the Bagua Platform. The county village area. In the early years of Qianlong's reign, brothers Hong Erjun, Hong Qingtan, Hong Kuanhou, and Hong Zongguang from Tongbanlongbaochetianxiaying crossed the Maoluo River eastward and entered the hunting grounds of Beitou Society in Taiwan, and settled in Xiaqie. There are two villages: Lao and Shitoupuzai. After that, during the Qianlong and Jiaqing years, people from Zhangpu named Hong came to Taiwan one after another. The Hong surname formed the leading clan in Caotun, Taiwan. In the fourth year of Daoguang's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1824), the ancestral hall of the Southern Fujian traditional courtyard was built in Caotun. The existing ancestral halls include the Dianhuang Hall and Hong's Ancestral Hall, which were built in the 26th year of Daoguang's reign. Stew Luntang and Stew Chengtang. During the same period, members of the Hong clan from Jinjiang Village also immigrated to Erlin, Fangyuan and other places in Changhua, Taiwan. Later, these Hong people who entered Taiwan also gradually immigrated to the United States, Japan, Vietnam, the Philippines, Canada, Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia and other places.
Nowadays, the surname Hong is widely distributed across the country. The counties include: Dunhuang, Yuzhang, Xuancheng, Wurongwengshan, etc.; the main hall names are: Shuangzhong, Yiju, Zhaoyin, Pingshan, Dunhuang , Jide, Liugui, etc. Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces have the largest population with the surname Hong, accounting for about 26% of the country's Han population with the surname Hong. The surname Hong is the 107th ranked surname in China today, accounting for approximately 0.16% of the total Han population in the country.