Confucius' ancestor was a nobleman in the Song Dynasty, and it declined several generations before Confucius. Confucius worked as a few junior officials when he was young, but he spent most of his life on education. According to legend, there are as many as 3,000 disciples, including 72 sages, who have taught many knowledgeable and talented students, from which "peaches and plums are all over the world" came. Confucius was appointed as the head of state of Lu; Later, he took his disciples around the world; Finally, I returned to Shandong and concentrated on teaching. In the 5,000-year history of China, Confucius was the person who had the greatest influence on the character and temperament of the Chinese nation. When he was alive, he was known as "the sage of the heavens", "the muduo of the heavens" and "the sage of the ages". He was one of the most learned scholars in the society at that time, and was respected by later generations as the most holy (saint among saints) and the teacher of all ages. Qiu's name comes from his parents praying for the birth of their children on the Niqiu Mountain. He wrote poems, books, rituals and music, and wrote Spring and Autumn Annals after Zhouyi. Confucius' thoughts and theories have far-reaching influence on later generations. Jiang Guanghui thought, "In the face of the fact that feudal lords fought endlessly and people were miserable in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius did not create an external, transcendental and all-knowing savior like religious scholars-regulating people's thoughts and behaviors through the apocalypse and Oracle. But looking back at history and looking for wisdom from the ancient "holy king".
Confucius claimed to be "narrating without doing", in fact, taking "narrating" as "doing", and realized the superposition and transformation of values through the contemporary interpretation of historical traditions. He is upright, optimistic and enterprising, pursuing truth, goodness and beauty all his life and pursuing an ideal society all his life. His success and failure are related to his personality. His character has influenced China people for thousands of years, especially the intellectuals in China.
Kong Rong (153 ~ 208), a writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was born in Lu (now Qufu, Shandong). He is the 20th grandson of Confucius. Father Kong Zhou is the captain of Taishan team. Kong Rong became famous at a young age (the famous Kong Rong told Pear Fall his story), politely refused to do several state and county initiatives, and when he arrived at Lingdi, he "made a poem about Situ Yang" (Biography of Kong Rong in the later Han Dynasty, the following quotations are all from here), and he began to enter his official career. Zhong Ping (185) first rose to the highest position as a counselor, which was incompatible with Zhong Cheng and resigned due to illness. Later, Sikong Fu became a subordinate, joined the China Army and became a warrior corps commander. In the first year of Di Xianchu Ping (190), Dong Zhuo became a negotiator, and he went to Beihai County, Qingzhou, where the Yellow Scarf Army was most prosperous (the name of the Eastern Han County, now Changle West, Shandong Province). Because of his political voice, people called him Kong Beihai at that time. In the second year of Xingping (195), Liu Bei recommended him as the secretariat of Qingzhou. In the first year of Jian 'an (196), Yuan Tan, the son of Yuan Shao, attacked Qingzhou, Kong Rong fought alone and his wife was captured. Cao Cao moved to Xuchang, the capital, and Kong Rong successively served as a fu, a petty official and a doctor in Taizhong. At this time, Cao Cao was authoritarian, and he and Cao Cao had political differences. He was obedient every time, and was finally killed by Cao Cao in the thirteenth year of Jian 'an (208).
Kong Rong was a famous Confucian in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. After Cai Yong, he is a master of writing and good at poetry. Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei, offered a reward for his writing, which was praised as the first of the seven sons of Jian 'an, and was lamented as "Yang (Bear) and Ban (Gu)" (classic paper). The article is mainly about discussion, and its contents are generally about extending education, promoting benevolent government, recommending talents and judging people. Many people express their opinions on current politics, which is quite sharp and distinctive. In art, the finishing words are elegant and rich, citing the past and discussing the present, with exquisite metaphors and abundant momentum. The only existing works are prose and poetry. The Recommended Meter Table strongly recommended the young scholar Mi Heng, demanding that "brown clothes call Ling Heng", praising Mi Heng's "loyalty and integrity, ambition like frost and snow, fear of seeing good, hate and hate", "flying defense, overflowing anger, solving doubts and knots, and being more than enough to face the enemy"; It is Cao Cao's bounden duty to rescue Xiaozhang Sheng besieged by Sun Quan from the aspects of human nature and kindness, and the prime minister cherishing the virtuous. As for satirizing Cao Pi's wife Yuan as a concubine, it is likened to "cutting Zhou, giving da ji to the Duke of Zhou" ("Book with Cao Gong"); Mocking Cao Cao's expedition to Wuhuan, we can find that "Su Shen did not pay tribute to arrows, but Ding Ling stole Su Wu cattle and sheep". Opposing Cao Cao's prohibition of alcohol, he said strangely: "Yao is not a thousand points, and there is no way to be safe;" Kong Fei's arrogance is unparalleled ("Cao Gongnan's Prohibition of Brewing"); It can be seen that the text is like a man, and only by talent can we win. Therefore, Cao Pi commented on his article "People with brilliant body and spirit can't stand the theory, which is unreasonable and even ridiculous" ("Dian Lun Paper"). The poem of dying expresses the feelings of loyalty, loneliness and resentment: "Evil harms justice, and clouds drown the sky. "Sweet words are not loyal, and sweet words are not true." The style is similar to an anonymous ancient poem. The first topic is "Folding Willow" (Volume 158), which also shows that ancient poetry and Yuefu Wuyan were often mixed at that time.
Three of his six-character poems describe Dong Zhuo's rebellion and Cao Cao's move to Xu's family at the end of Han Dynasty, which belongs to the category of praising history, but the language is popular and the history is concise. In addition, Guwenyuan contains two miscellaneous poems by Kong Rong, but Shan Li's notes and quotations in Selected Works are Li Ling's poems for many times, so the authenticity is uncertain. And his poems are also close to the category of anonymous ancient poems. Li's poetry collection includes Qi's poems of the pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. He once wrote a poem about the name of the county with the title of "Kong Rong's Land", which was regarded as the first poem of the riddle scholars. Kong Rong's book "Annals of Sui Shu Classics" contains 9 volumes of "Kong Rong Collection", which has been lost. Today's collections are all collections from the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the current collection is 1 Volume "Han, Wei and Six Dynasties 130 Set Kong Shaofu Collection". Kong Rong, see The Ancient Three Kingdoms, the Three Kingdoms, the Qin and Han Dynasties and the Six Dynasties, and his poems, see Ding's The Three Kingdoms, the Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and Ji Qinli's Poems of the Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties.