Chinese name: Tianshui Administrative District Category: Prefecture-level city Region: Qin'an County, Qingshui County, Gangu County Government Residency: No. 34, Minzhu West Building, Qinzhou District Telephone area code: 0938 Postal area code: 741000 Geographical location : Southeastern Gansu Province Area: 14,992 square kilometers Population: 3.5 million (end of 2004) Famous attractions: Maijishan Grottoes, Xianren Cliff, Shimen, Fuxi Temple Airport: "Tianshui" is the longest-used place name in local history. It first started in the third year of Yuanding reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (114 BC). The name Tianshui comes from the beautiful legend of "Tianhe fills with water". As far back as more than 3,000 years ago, the Tianshui area was densely populated, with adjacent houses, "beautiful mountains and rivers, and dense forests." However, at the end of the Qin Dynasty and the beginning of the Han Dynasty, long-term battles, fighting and successive years of drought turned the once prosperous and fertile Shangcheng into ruins, and the people were in dire straits. Legend has it that one night, just as people were falling asleep, suddenly the sky was roaring with strong winds, thunder and lightning, and with a golden light shining, a red light appeared on the ground. Suddenly, the ground shook continuously, and a large crack opened in the ground amidst the loud rumbling sounds. I saw the river water pouring down from the sky and pouring into the large crack, forming a lake called "Tianshui Lake". The water level of this lake is stable, the water quality is pure, sweet and mellow. "It never dries up in spring, never overflows in summer, and is beautiful all year round." At that time, people said that the lake was connected to the Tianhe River, and they also called it "Tianshui Well". Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty heard this legend, and he ordered the new county to be built next to the lake in Shanggui North City and named it "Tianshui County". Since then, it has been named "Tianshui". On August 3, 1949, Tianshui County was liberated. On August 15, the Tianshui Division Administrative Inspection Area was established, with jurisdiction over eight counties: Tianshui, Gangu, Wushan, Huixian, Liangdang, Tongwei, Qin'an, and Qingshui. In December of the same year, Tianshui District was renamed Tianshui District. In February 1950, Tianshui County was established as Tianshui City, with the urban area as its administrative area. On May 25, Pingliang Prefecture separated Zhuanglang County and placed it under Tianshui Prefecture; Minxian Prefecture was revoked, and Longxi and Zhang counties were placed under Tianshui Prefecture. Tianshui District governs Tianshui City and 11 counties including Tianshui, Qin'an, Huixian, Liangdang, Wushan, Zhangxian, Gangu, Qingshui, Zhuanglang, Longxi and Tongwei, 81 district offices and 614 townships. In 1952, Tianshui Prefecture governed 91 district offices and 635 townships. On July 6, 1953, Zhangjiachuan Autonomous Region was established (renamed county in October 1955). At the end of the same year, Tianshui Prefecture governed 1 city, 12 counties and 887 townships. In January 1956, Longxi County and Tongwei County in the Tianshui Prefecture were placed under the Dingxi Prefecture, Li County, Xihe, and Cheng County in the Wudu Prefecture were placed under the Tianshui Prefecture, and Zhuanglang County in the Tianshui Prefecture was placed under the Pingliang Prefecture. At the end of the same year, Tianshui Prefecture governed Tianshui City and 12 counties including Tianshui, Qin'an, Li County, Xihe, Chengxian, Huixian, Liangdang, Wushan, Zhangxian, Gangu, Qingshui, and Zhangjiachuan, 67 districts, 531 townships, and 9 town, 9 sub-district offices. On April 4, 1958, Liangdang was abolished and merged into Huixian County. On April 8, the Wudu Prefecture was abolished, and the five counties under its jurisdiction, Dangchang, Wenxian, Wudu, Kangxian and Minxian, were placed under the Tianshui Prefecture. On September 5, Xihe County and Li County were abolished and merged to form Xili County. Huixian County and Chengxian County were abolished and merged to form Huicheng County. On December 16, Min County in the Tianshui Prefecture was placed under the Dingxi Prefecture. On December 20, Tianshui County was revoked and placed under Tianshui City. Gangu County was abolished, and Gangu, Zhangxian and Wushan were merged to form Wushan County. Zhangjiachuan County and Qingshui County were abolished and merged to form Qingshui Hui Autonomous County. In the same year, the people's commune was realized and the administrative and social integration system was implemented. Tianshui District governs Tianshui City and eight counties: Qin'an, Qingshui, Wushan, Xili, Huicheng, Wudu and Wenxian. 129 people's communes and 4 sub-district offices. On November 15, 1961, the Wudu District was restored. Wudu, Dangchang, Kangxian, Chengxian and Wenxian, which were originally assigned to Tianshui Prefecture, are still placed under Wudu Prefecture. On December 15, Tianshui, Gangu, Zhangxian, Liangdang, Xihe, Lixian, Qingshui County and Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous County were restored. Zhang County is placed under Lintao Prefecture. By the end of the year, Tianshui Prefecture has jurisdiction over Tianshui City and 10 counties including Tianshui, Xihe, Li County, Huixian, Liangdang, Wushan, Gangu, Qin'an, Qingshui, and Zhangjiachuan, 60 districts, 440 people's communes, and 4 subdistrict services. at. On October 23, 1963, the Lintao Prefecture was revoked and its Zhang County was placed under the Tianshui Prefecture.
Tianshui District governs 1 city, 11 counties, 482 people's communes, 3 towns, and 4 sub-district offices. On October 1, 1969, Tianshui Special Zone was changed to Tianshui Prefecture, with jurisdiction over 1 city, 11 counties, 223 people's communes, 5 towns, and 4 sub-district offices. In 1980, Tianshui area governed 1 city, 11 counties, 232 communes, 5 towns, and 8 sub-district offices. In 1983, the government and the commune were separated and the commune was renamed as a township. On July 8, 1985, the Tianshui area was abolished and Tianshui City was promoted to a prefecture-level city. The four counties of Xihe, Lixian, Huixian and Liangdang, which originally belonged to the Tianshui area, were placed under the newly established Longnan area, and Zhang County was placed under the Dingxi area. Qincheng and Beidao 2 districts were newly established. Tianshui City governs 2 districts, Qincheng and Beidao, 5 counties, Qin'an, Qingshui, Gangu, Wushan, and Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous Counties, 138 townships, 11 towns, and 11 sub-district offices. On May 30, 1992, Yuanyang Township in Wushan County was changed to Yuanyang Town. On November 16, 1998, Ganquan Township in Beidao District was changed to Ganquan Town. By the end of 2002, Tianshui City had jurisdiction over 2 districts, Qincheng and Beidao, 5 counties, Qin'an, Qingshui, Gangu, Wushan, and Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous Counties, 40 towns, 109 townships, and 11 sub-district offices. With the approval of the State Council, starting from January 1, 2005, Qincheng and Beidao Districts were renamed Qinzhou District and Maiji District. History and culture are in Tianshui, Mapao Spring is full of emerald green and flowing jade, sweet spring is as fragrant as milk, hot springs are like soup all year round, which can cure diseases and keep fit, Bodhisattva Spring with hanging bead curtains, Bagua Spring is refreshingly cold, and the god of fishes flows in the spring. Yuquan, etc., are widely distributed and well-known. The water in these springs is sweet and lasts all year round. Drinking it for a long time can make people's skin white. The residents of Tianshui have fair and tender skin, so they are known as "Tianshui white babies". Since Tianshui was established as a county in the Han Dynasty, it has been a military, a county, and a town. The area under its jurisdiction and the administrative center have changed many times. In 1913, Qinzhou (today's Shui) was abolished and Tianshui County was established, under the jurisdiction of Weichuan Road. In 1927, the National Army stationed in Longnan, abandoned the road, and changed it into the Tianshui Administrative Inspectorate. On August 3, 1949, Tianshui was liberated and Tianshui District was established. In 1950, Tianshui District was established. Tianshui Panorama Tianshui is also known as Qinzhou. The name Qinzhou first began in the first year of Emperor Wen of Wei (220). The origin of Qin comes from planting grain (i.e. Mao Gu). Long before the Western Zhou Dynasty, today's Tianshui River Valley Basin has fertile land, open terrain, green peaks, prosperous water, and luxuriant water and grass. It is a good place for herding horses and raising livestock. Boyi, the ancestor of the Qin people who lived here, was granted a land grant and the surname Ying by Shun because he raised horses for Shun and multiplied quickly. By the time of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Feizi, after Boyi, was praised by King Xiao for his contribution to raising horses for King Xiao of Zhou. King Xiao not only allowed him to inherit the "Ying" surname from Boyi during the Shun Dynasty, but also "confessed the land as a vassal, and the city of Qin (today's Qingshui and Zhangchuan areas)" was called "Qindi". This is the beginning of the Qin State in our country's history. lt;/pgt; Tianshui is the birthplace of "Qin". Since the Three Kingdoms, there have been many places named with the word "Qin" in Tianshui, such as Qin'an, Qinling, Qinzhou, etc. In the prosperous period of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty, Qinzhou was the first place in my country's west to Chang'an It is an important town and is known as the "gathering place of Qianqiu", so it became famous for a while. According to the "Biography of Tripitaka Master of Daci'en Temple", Xuanzang of the Tang Dynasty went west to India to worship Buddha and obtain Buddhist scriptures. He once passed through Tianshui and "passed Qinzhou and stopped for one night." There are many legends about Tang Monk's Buddhist scriptures circulating in Tianshui to this day. In the fourth year after the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu resolutely abandoned his official position in order to avoid the turmoil. He took his family with him and crossed Longshan to Qinzhou. He first lived in Dongke Valley, 50 miles southeast of Qinzhou City, which is now Liujiahe (formerly known as Zimei Village) in Bahuai Village, Jiezi Township, Beidao District, Today's City, and later moved to Qinzhou City. Du Fu lived in Qinzhou for three months and wrote "Twenty Miscellaneous Poems of Qinzhou" and 12 poems about his journey from Long to Shu, which played an important role in his poetry creation throughout his life. Tianshui also has an ancient name, called " Cheng Ji". The name Chengji was originally located in the Western Han Dynasty, but before the Song Dynasty it was only in Qin'an County, and it was moved to Tianshui in the Song Dynasty. The name of Chengji is related to the legendary Fuxi clan. Tianshui is called "Dragon City" because it is the place where Fuxi, the ancestor of mankind, with the head of a human and the body of a dragon, was born, and is the hometown of dragons. "Hanshu Geography" also records that Tianshui County has Chengji County, so Tianshui is known as the "Hometown of Emperor Xi". According to relevant evidence, the Fuxi Temple in Xiguan, Tianshui City, was first built more than 700 years ago. The ceiling of the Nantian Hall in the temple is painted with complete 64 hexagrams and river diagrams, which is rare in other places.
Fuxi is the ancestor of the Chinese nation. People in Tianshui always like to call Fuxi Temple "the Renzong Temple." Tianshui is the birthplace of ancient Chinese culture. It enjoys the honor of "the hometown of Emperor Xi" and is a holy place for descendants of dragons at home and abroad to trace their roots and ancestors. Culture within There are many historical sites, and there are 169 national, provincial and municipal key protected cultural relics. Among them, the Dadiwan site contains a large number of early Neolithic Age and Yangshao cultural treasures. The Tianshui Fuxi Temple is the only one in the country that has a statue of Fuxi, carved beams and painted buildings, and ancient cypresses. The Maijishan Grottoes, one of the four major grottoes in China and known as the "Oriental Sculpture Hall", has a collection of more than 7,730 statues dating from the end of the 4th century AD to the 20th century, about 1,600 years ago. Lhasao Temple, Muti Temple and other temples together form the "Grotto Art Corridor" in the eastern section of the ancient Silk Road. At the same time, there are botanical gardens, fairy cliffs, Shimen, Pure Land Temple and Quzhou located around Maiji Mountain for dozens of miles. Xihejiezi Hot Spring Resort, together form a national forest park - Maiji Mountain Scenic Area. The cultural landscape and natural beauty complement each other, attracting countless tourists at home and abroad. The scenery of Tianshui City on the Weihe River is a temperate continental one. The climate is a transition zone between the subtropical climate and the subtropical climate. The climate near the city is a temperate semi-humid climate, and the south of the Sucheng-Liyuan line belongs to the north subtropical zone. The hottest weather is July, with the highest temperature being 33.4°C. The coldest weather is January. From September to November every year, it is the best tourist season in Tianshui City. List of average temperatures in Tianshui (Celsius) Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Average temperature - 0.6 0.2 6.3 11.7 17.7 21.1 23.3 21.7 16.3 11.3 3.9 -1.8 The average annual precipitation is 574 mm, which gradually decreases from southeast to northwest. The annual precipitation in the southern subtropical forest area is 800-900 mm. The annual rainfall in the central and eastern mountainous areas is more than 600 mm, and the northern part of the Weihe River is less than 500 mm. mm. The average annual sunshine is 2100 hours. Weibei is slightly higher than the Guanshan Mountains and the Wei River Valley. The sunshine percentage is 46-50. The spring and summer account for 26.6 and 30.6 of the annual sunshine respectively. There is no severe cold in winter and 22.6 in summer. There is no scorching heat, the temperature rises quickly in spring, and there are frequent rains in autumn. The climate is mild, with four distinct seasons, sufficient sunshine, and moderate precipitation. The extreme maximum temperature is 38°C and the extreme minimum temperature is -15°C. Tianshui ranks second in the country in terms of apple sales. The territory is surrounded by mountains and the terrain is high in the northwest. , low in the southeast, with an altitude between 1,000 and 2,100 meters. The highest peak, Tianye Liang, is 3,120 meters high; the lowest point, Niubei Village, is 760 meters above sea level. The eastern and southern parts of Tianshui are uplifted due to ancient stratigraphic folds. Mountainous landforms were formed. The northern part was affected by geological subsidence and the deposition of red and loess layers, forming loess hilly landforms. A small part of the central area was fractured by the zonal structural belt, forming the Weihe Graben, which was divided by Quaternary rivers. The Weihe River Valley is formed by nurturing and erosion accumulation in the north. The Weihe River and its tributaries traverse it, forming basins and valley terraces with alternating wide valleys and canyons. The soil in rivers and valley areas is silt soil and meadow soil formed by impact and alluvial deposits. After reclamation and cultivation, it matures to form cultivated soil mainly composed of loess soil and black loam soil. With deep soil and open mountain plateau, it is a major production area for grain, oil, vegetables and fruits. The central and eastern parts are the Qinling Mountains and Guanshan Mountains. The West Qinling Mountains, which are dominated by Jinhuang Mountain, Yunwu Mountain, and Jingdongliang in the west, and the Xiaolong Mountain and Longshan Mountains, which are dominated by Bagua Mountain, Huoyan Mountain, Qinling Dabao, and Guan Mountain in the east, are full of mountains, steep mountains, and deep valleys. Tianshui spans the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins, with the west Qinling Mountains as the watershed. The northern region is the Weihe River basin watered by the Yellow River, covering an area of ??11,673 square kilometers, accounting for 81.49% of the city's total area; the southern region is the Jialing River basin watered by the Yangtze River, covering an area of ??2,652 square kilometers, accounting for 81.49% of the city's total area. 18.51 of the city's total area. There is a saying: If you want to see China 1,000 years ago, go to Xi'an; if you want to see China 8,000 years ago, go to Dadiwan. One of them is China's earliest dry crop specimen. The carbonized millet specimens unearthed from Dadiwan push back the origin of dry farming agriculture in northern my country by 1,000 years. The second is China’s earliest painted pottery.
More than 200 pieces of painted pottery, including the three-legged bowl unearthed from Dadiwan, are the earliest batch of painted pottery ever discovered in my country. The third is the earliest prototype of Chinese characters. More than a dozen painted symbols were found on the pottery unearthed in the Dadiwan Phase I. These symbols are more than 1,000 years earlier than the carved symbols on the Banpo pottery in Xi'an, which was the earliest discovered in China. The fourth is the earliest palace-style building in China. A building numbered "F901" was excavated in the Dadiwan Phase IV culture dating back 5,000 years, which is the tallest building in my country so far. The fifth is China's earliest "concrete" floor. The sixth is the earliest painting in China. Water conservancy resources: The Wei River in the territory is about 280 kilometers long. The tributaries along the river with a drainage area of ??1,000 square kilometers include Bangsha River, Sandu River, Hulu River, Yu (borrowed) River, and Niutou River. The main tributaries of the Jialing River include Baijia River, Huamiao River, Hongya River, etc., with short flows and abundant water.