1. The symbolic meaning and verses of chrysanthemums
1. The symbolic meaning of chrysanthemums:
1. In ancient myths and legends, chrysanthemums are also endowed with auspiciousness, The meaning of longevity.
2. Chrysanthemum is one of the top ten famous flowers in China, one of the four gentlemen of flowers (prunus, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum). It is also one of the four major cut flowers (chrysanthemum, rose, carnation and gladiolus) in the world, with the largest output. head.
3. Because chrysanthemums have the character of being cold and proud of the snow, there is a famous saying by Tao Yuanming, "Pick chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, and you can see the Nanshan Mountain leisurely". Chinese people have the custom of admiring chrysanthemums and drinking chrysanthemum wine during the Double Ninth Festival. Tang Dynasty Meng Haoran's "Passing the Old Friend's Village": "On the Double Ninth Festival, I will come back to see the chrysanthemums.".
2. Chrysanthemum poems:
1. Passing by my old friend’s village
My old friend brought chicken and millet and invited me to Tian’s house.
Green trees border the village, and Qingshanguo slopes outside.
Open a dining room and chat over wine.
On the Double Ninth Festival, I will still come to see chrysanthemums.
2. The author is Meng Haoran, a poet of the Tang Dynasty.
3. Vernacular translation:
An old friend prepared a sumptuous meal and wanted to invite me to his hospitable farmhouse.
Green woods surround the village, and green mountains lie outside the city.
Opening the window and facing the vegetable garden of the threshing floor, holding a wine glass in hand, chatting about the crops.
When the Double Ninth Festival comes, please come here to enjoy the chrysanthemums.
Extended information:
Variety classification:
1. Flowering period:
1. Xia Ju: also known as Wujiu Ju. It blooms once each year in May and September of the lunar calendar. Nowadays, cultivation using protective facilities can bloom once in May and October in the Gregorian calendar.
2. Autumn chrysanthemum: The flowering period is divided into early and late. The early chrysanthemum flowering period is in mid-to-late September for medium-sized chrysanthemums. The late chrysanthemum blooms in October-November and is the most commonly cultivated autumn chrysanthemum.
3. Hanju: also known as winter chrysanthemum. The flowering period is from December to January of the following year.
2. Flower diameter:
1. Large chrysanthemum: The diameter of the flower is more than 10 cm. It is mostly used for cultivation of multi-stock chrysanthemums and specimen chrysanthemums.
2. Medium chrysanthemum: The diameter of the flower is 6-10 cm. It is often used for cultivation of bedding chrysanthemums and dahlia chrysanthemums.
3. Small chrysanthemum: The diameter of the flower is less than 6 cm, and it is a star-shaped flower. It can be used as pot chrysanthemum, cliff chrysanthemum, tie chrysanthemum, bonsai chrysanthemum, etc. to decorate the garden or display.
3. Color
1. Single color: Single color refers to one flower and one color, including yellow, white, purple, red, pink, green, ink, mud gold, snow-green, etc. In addition to the basic color families, each color family can be divided into multiple shades. This is more difficult to describe and accurately grasp.
2. Multiple colors:
Multiple colors means that one flower has more than two colors, and the color changes are rich.
There are flowers of two colors, such as "Er Qiao" with half red and half yellow, and "Yuanyang He" with two colors of red and yellow.
There are two colors on the dorsal and ventral sides, such as the "Golden Back Big Red" which is yellow on the back and red on the belly.
Some petals have one color as the background color and have stripes or spots of other colors on them, such as the "sika deer" with pink and purple as the background color and white spots on it.
There are "red thread gold beads" with the base of the petals being one color and the apex being another color. For example, the tube petals are red and the apex is yellow; the center flower is one color and the edge flower is another color, but the contrast is Small ones, such as "Chu Feng" and "Green Water".
Baidu Encyclopedia - Chrysanthemum
Baidu Encyclopedia - Passing the Old Friend's Village 2. The meaning of ancient poems describing chrysanthemums
Yuan Zhen - "Chrysanthemum" surrounded by autumn bushes The house looks like Tao's house, with the fence surrounding it becoming increasingly sloping. It’s not that chrysanthemums are preferred among flowers. There will be no flowers even after the flowers have bloomed.
Appreciation: Tao Qian, the great poet of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, wrote the famous line "Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountain". Everyone knows his love for chrysanthemums, and chrysanthemums have gradually become a symbol of the otherworldly and reclusive. No wonder Zhou Dunyi of the Song Dynasty lamented that "the love of chrysanthemums is rarely heard of after Tao Yuanming" because there were not many true hermits after Tao Yuanming. There are many literati in the past dynasties who loved chrysanthemums, and among them, those who chanted chrysanthemums often produced excellent works. The Qijue "Chrysanthemum" by Yuan Zhen, a poet of the Mid-Tang Dynasty, is one of the more sentimental poems. The poet sincerely loves chrysanthemums: clusters of blooming chrysanthemums are scattered all around the house. Along the bamboo fence, he admires these autumn chrysanthemums planted by his own hands, unaware that the sun has set in the west. The word "Rao" in the first sentence refers to the number of chrysanthemums planted outside the house, giving people the feeling of an elegant environment, like Tao Yuanming's home. The word "circle" in the second sentence expresses the strong interest in appreciating the chrysanthemums. Instead of stopping at the east fence, it means "circling the fence all over the place" until the sun is approaching. His love for chrysanthemums seems to be even greater than that of Mr. Wuliu. Fourteen short words, with scenery, feelings and associations, vividly outline a picture of a poet strolling through chrysanthemums, admiring flowers and reciting poems in the autumn evening, and never wanting to return. The third sentence turns sharply into a negative sentence, pointing out that he is not in love with chrysanthemums for no reason. In late autumn, all the flowers have faded. Only the chrysanthemum can withstand the wind and frost. It supports independently and adds vitality to the world. The poet loves life and nature. The last chrysanthemum that blooms in the four seasons makes him forget his love and cannot let go of it. Chinese classical poetry often uses objects to express feelings, such as Qu Yuan's "Ode to Orange" and Chen Zi'ang's "Feelings of Encounter", both of which are examples. Yuan Zhen's poem "Chrysanthemum" praises the chrysanthemum's noble conduct and strong character, and also contains profound meaning. This poem takes the artistic conception of Tao's poems, and also chants it in elegant and simple language. It is not like Tao Gong who uses all images and implication; instead, after describing the concrete objects, he tells the reasons for his love for chrysanthemums in a self-narrative way. The words are exhausted, leaving room for imagination for people to ponder and chew, which enhances its artistic appeal. Therefore it has always been loved by people.
"Drunken Flower Yin": The mist is thick and the clouds are dark, and the day is endless, and the auspicious brain disappears the golden beast. It’s the Double Ninth Festival and the Double Ninth Festival. Jade pillows and gauze kitchens make it cool in the middle of the night. After dusk when I drink wine in Dongli, there is a faint fragrance filling my sleeves. There is no way to lose one's soul. The west wind blows behind the curtain, and people are thinner than yellow flowers. Li Qingzhao was a female poet in the Song Dynasty. Chrysanthemums became the object of expression in her writings. "After dusk when I drink wine in Dongli, there is a faint fragrance filling my sleeves. I can't help but calm my soul. The west wind blows behind the curtain, and people are thinner than yellow flowers." Use the word "thin" to express the inner feelings about the long-lost husband. Tao Yuanming's "He Guo Zhubu": "Fang The chrysanthemums are blooming in the forest, and the green pines are crowning the rocks. With this pure and beautiful appearance, Zhuo is a hero under the frost." This reflects his yearning for a quiet and comfortable life. He leisurely picked chrysanthemums under the east fence, and in the posture of a pastoral poet and hermit, he endowed the chrysanthemums with a unique and otherworldly hermit style. From then on, the chrysanthemums had the spirituality of a hermit. Since being favored by Mr. Tao Qian, chrysanthemums have become the "hermit of flowers". 3. Poems about chrysanthemums, their meanings and the spirit of chrysanthemums
The west wind is full of plants in the courtyard, and the flowers are cold and fragrant, and it is difficult for butterflies to come.
If I were the Qing Emperor in that year, I would be rewarded with peach blossoms. Don't be afraid of the wind and frost that bully the evening, when all the flowers that bloom alone have withered.
There are three paths of moss in the desolate land, and a fence of rain during the Double Ninth Festival. The autumn colors are vast, few people are drunk, and the lonely butterflies are prophets of the cold fragrance.
The mountain old man thinks alone about the same old age, sitting across from the secluded pavilion and composing poems. Iron bones, frosty appearance and arrogance are not matched by Peng Ze's ambition.
The young peach is full of jealousy in vain, and the yellow flower can withstand the evening breeze. In modern times, chrysanthemums are pink and green, without the ancient meaning of Dongli. I occasionally visited Moling and got two copies of Moju. They were very beautiful and I admired them in small words.
I live in the west of Moling, where the birds from the west sing in autumn. There are no poets who show their rhinoceros to each other.
Wherever I look for autumn, I get drunk, my little sister Qingxi. There are two or three borders of cold vegetables, but the flowers cannot form a path.
Return to the lamp and feel miserable. Suddenly I remembered that a person from Qingmen wore a silk jacket and wrote an inscription in light ink.
The name of chrysanthemum is small. The nobleness of chrysanthemum lies in its independence from frost. Since ancient times, literati and horticulturists have used expressive words to give various chrysanthemums names that are both vivid and meaningful.
Or named after the color of the flower. White chrysanthemums include: "Silver Beads", "Clear Spring in the Empty Valley", "Bead Curtain Waterfall", "Moon Flooding River"; yellow chrysanthemums include: "Flying to the Top", "Orioles come out of the valley", "Golden lions", "Agarwood holding osmanthus"; green chrysanthemums include: "Green Yangchun", "Green willow weeping shade", "Spring water green waves"; the white and slightly green ones are called "Jade Crab Ice Plate", the red ones are The white one is called "Maple Leaf Reed Flower"; the red, white and green ones are called "Three Color Peony", "Green Clothes and Red Shang" and so on. Or the color of the chrysanthemum is represented by allusions in poetry, such as the red "Poetry on Red Leaves", the yellow "Huang Shi Gong", and the pink "Human Face Peach Blossom". Each chrysanthemum name is followed by a wonderful and touching story.
Or you can identify its shape by its petals: "Shocking Hibiscus", "Flying Dragon Dancing Claws", "Pine Forest Hanging Snow", "Xiangluo Belt", "Old Man's Hair", "Golden Bell Song", etc. wait. There are also names named after the shape of the flowers: "Tenderness", "Wind for Ten Thousand Miles", "Golden Thread Hanging Beads", "Mohe", "Ten Zhang Bead Curtain", "A Blank of Snow", "Colorful Cloud Claw" "And so on, one sentence describes the various charms of Pohua.
There are also names named after historical figures and stories, such as "Shi Shi Biao", "Dragon City Flying General", "Long Tuge", "Mulan Dressing Up", "Chang'e Flying to the Moon", "White West Chamber" ", "Xiang Fei plays drums and harps", etc. Behind each name there is a series of touching stories that inspire people's imagination. There is also a kind of name based on the "rhyme" formed by the color, petals and flowers, such as "Drunk Lotus", which looks like a lotus but not a lotus, very much like a slightly drunk person, floating and uninhibited; another example is "Drunk Dancing Yang" "Concubine" is chosen for its pink color and thick petals, which is very similar to the Yang Guifei in the historical story who danced drunkenly.
Just from the name, it makes people think about it and understand its beauty. 4. Poems about chrysanthemums with added poetic flavor
"Hanju/Painting Chrysanthemums" Song Dynasty: Zheng Sixiao The flowers are not in full bloom, but the fun of being independent and sparse is not endless.
I would rather die with the fragrance on the branches than blow it down in the north wind. Interpretation: Chrysanthemums bloom in autumn. They are never among other flowers. They stand alone beside sparse fences. Their sentiment and interest have not faded.
I would rather wither and die on the branches than be blown down by the biting north wind! Poetic meaning: "I would rather die with the fragrance on the branches than blow it down in the north wind." These two lines have a profound poetic meaning.
After the chrysanthemum blooms, it gradually withers on the branches, but the petals do not wither and fall to the ground, so it is said that "the branches will die with fragrance". In the writings of writers of the Southern Song Dynasty, the north wind symbolized the intrusion of the aristocratic ruling group from the north.
"Die on a branch with fragrant fragrance" is more poignant and tragic than "grow old on a branch with fragrant fragrance", and the tone is majestic and vows not to look back. Comparing "Have they ever blown into the north wind" with "Don't dance with the yellow leaves in the autumn wind", the former is questioning and the tone is firm; the latter is a statement. The word "dance" brings a slightly lofty sentiment and is slightly disconnected from the theme.
More importantly, the former points out the "north wind", which clearly points to the Mongol Khanate originating from the north. The feeling of resistance is vividly visible on the page. The poem uses metaphorical techniques to say that he would rather die for upholding his integrity than succumb to the Mongolian and Yuan ruling groups. It expresses the awe-inspiring righteousness of "it is better to be in pieces than in ruins" and sincerely expresses the poet's own unswerving love until death. Noble national integrity.
Extended information: Zheng Sixiao was a patriotic poet in the late Southern Song Dynasty. After the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, the author has been living in seclusion in a monk temple in Suzhou. He has not been an official for the rest of his life. He even sits and lies facing the south to show that he will not forget. During the Song Dynasty, this poem was written by the author after the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty. Let's first look at the title of this poem "Han Ju".
Just by looking at the title of this poem, you can see that it is unique. Most poems describing chrysanthemums are directly named chrysanthemums, but this poem is called "Hanju".
The word "cold" not only highlights the characteristics of chrysanthemums that do not compete with other flowers, but also resists the cold, and also reveals the purpose of the creation of chrysanthemums. Zheng Sixiao was a poet and painter in the late Song Dynasty.
The most outstanding and admirable thing about him is his undying loyalty to the Song Dynasty. This loyalty is first reflected in his name.
Zheng Sixiao's original name was Zheng Zhiyin, but after the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, he changed his name to Sixiao. Why is it called "Si Xiao"? The royal surname of the Song Dynasty was Zhao. If you can write the traditional Chinese character of "Zhao", you will know that "Xiao" is a component of "Zhao".
So "Miss Xiao" means missing the royal family of Zhao and Song Dynasties. Let’s look at Zheng Sixiao’s nickname Yiweng, which also means not forgetting his homeland. Zheng Sixiao also has another nickname, “Suonan”, and “Nan” means the south of the south.
So this number also means that his heart is towards the south and he misses his motherland. Not only that, he had to face south and north when sitting and lying down every day. Every year when he was in Fula, he would look at Nan Ye and cry and worship again, expressing his nostalgia for the Song Dynasty court.
Zheng Sixiao also titled his living room "Benxue Family". If the character "十" under "Ben" is moved into the middle of the word "Xue", it will become "Song Dynasty Family" to show his respect for the Song Dynasty. loyalty. All these good intentions show his loyalty.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Hanju ("Hanju" by Zheng Sixiao). 5. The meaning of chrysanthemum in ancient poems
Chrysanthemum Yuan Zhen
The autumn bushes surround the house like Tao's house, and the fence is gradually sloping around.
It’s not that chrysanthemums are preferred among flowers. There will be no flowers even after the flowers bloom.
"Autumn bushes surround the house like Tao's house." In late autumn, clusters of chrysanthemums bloom in the wind in front of and behind my house. This small courtyard of my house is just like Tao Yuanming's house. "Going around the fence, it is getting slanting day by day." The poet was intoxicated by the blooming flowers in the courtyard, and he concentrated on walking around the fence to appreciate them, and unknowingly the sun was setting in the west.
"It's not that I prefer chrysanthemums among flowers. It's more important that there are no flowers after all the flowers bloom." It's not that I like chrysanthemums the most, it's because among all flowers, chrysanthemums are the last to wither. Once chrysanthemums wither, there are almost no flowers left in the year. reward.
The first two sentences are just fourteen words, with scenes, feelings, and associations, and outline a picture of a poet strolling through chrysanthemums, admiring flowers, and reciting poems in the autumn evening, and is happy and reluctant to return. . The poet was fascinated by the chrysanthemums and lingered over them. His sincere love for chrysanthemums was truly expressed, and the words were full of joy.
The poet loves chrysanthemums because "I don't prefer chrysanthemums among flowers. If these flowers bloom, there will be no flowers." In late autumn, all flowers have faded, but only chrysanthemums can withstand the wind and frost without withering, blooming alone, which is the reason why the poet loves chrysanthemums. The world has become more vibrant.
Yuan Zhen told the world his unique reasons for loving chrysanthemums from the perspective that chrysanthemums wither last, which also implicitly praises the strong character of chrysanthemums that have experienced coldness and finally withered.