What are the types of cold storage?
What are the types of cold storage? Many of our foods need to be refrigerated, so there are cold storages in many places. Cold storage is a part of the cold chain system. Following the initial sharp drop in product temperature, it is also the point where low-temperature products stay the longest in the cold chain system. So what types of cold storage are there? What are the types of cold storage? 1
Classification of cold storage
Cold storage is a link in the cold chain system that continues after the temperature of the initial product drops sharply. It is also the location of low-temperature products in the cold chain system. It is the base with the longest residence time, so the requirements for product quality play an important role in low-temperature logistics management.
Cold storage is roughly divided into two categories: refrigeration and freezing: refrigerated warehouses are mainly used to store fruits and vegetables, fresh fish, fish eggs, eggs, fresh milk, juice, etc., while frozen warehouses are used to store meat, ice cream, etc. Lord.
1. Cold storage is divided according to temperature. According to different classifications of warehouse temperatures, cold storage is divided into cold storage, freezing storage, and special cold storage.
① In cold storage, the storage temperature is maintained above the freezing temperature of the product. All of them are refrigerated warehouses. The freezing point of general fresh food is above 12°C. Due to the different properties of various products, the storage temperature also varies. Most storage temperatures are below 4°C.
② Freezer warehouses are all products whose temperature is maintained below the freezing temperature. For example, the temperature of frozen fish or meat, frozen food, etc. for long-term frozen storage is approximately below -23°C.
③Special cold storage: Any need to control the temperature and humidity in the warehouse at the same time is a special cold storage, such as the refrigeration of fresh fruits and vegetables.
2. Classification according to the purpose of cold storage
① Production-type cold storage is an important part of food processing enterprises, and it is mainly built near food production areas where the supply of goods is concentrated. area. Perishable foods such as fish, meat, poultry, eggs, fruits, and vegetables are properly processed and sent to cold storage for cold processing before being shipped to sales areas.
It is characterized by large cold processing capacity and a certain capacity of refrigerated tonnage for turnover purposes. Food circulation is characterized by zero in and out. Its refrigeration capacity is determined by cooling, freezing capabilities and transportation conditions. Since a large amount of raw materials and finished products need to be allocated, it is required to be built in a place with convenient transportation.
② Circulation-type cold storage mainly receives cold-processed food and is generally built in large and medium-sized cities, densely populated industrial and mining areas, and water and land transportation hubs for market supply, transportation transfer, and food storage.
It is characterized by large refrigeration capacity and small freezing ability, and it also needs to consider the storage of a variety of foods. The characteristics of food circulation vary with the functions of cold storage. Due to the large refrigeration capacity and the concentration of incoming and outgoing goods, smooth transportation and rapid throughput are required.
The temperature varies with different usage requirements.
3. According to the length of storage period, it is divided into storage type warehouse and circulation type warehouse.
4. According to the construction method, it is divided into civil construction warehouse and assembly warehouse. Civil engineering warehouses can be divided into single-layer warehouses, multi-layer warehouses and three-dimensional automatic cold storage.
5. What are the types of cold storage that can be divided into mechanical refrigeration storage and controlled atmosphere storage according to storage methods 2
First, differentiate according to the nature of use
< p> It can be divided into three types of cold storage: production type, distribution type and life service type.Second, according to capacity
It can be divided into large, medium and small cold storage. The capacity of large cold storage is more than 10,000 tons, and the capacity of medium cold storage is about 1,000 to 10,000 tons. , the capacity of small cold storage is less than 1,000 tons.
Third, according to temperature
It can be divided into three types: high temperature, medium temperature and low temperature. High-temperature cold storage is also called a fresh-keeping warehouse with a temperature of -5°C to +7°C. A medium-temperature cold storage is a cold storage with a temperature of -10°C to -23°C. A low-temperature cold storage is a freezer with a temperature of -23°C to -30°C. And 32°C The following is the ultra-low temperature cold storage.
Fourth, differentiate according to storage items
Above 0℃ is suitable for storing fruits, vegetables, meat, fungi, green plants, electronic raw materials, flowers, Beverage, beer and other food preservation.
It is suitable for storing aquatic products, seafood, ice cream, meat refrigeration, medicine, chemicals and other items below 0℃.
Suitable for freezing meat, fish, seafood, medicine, chemicals, etc. below -20℃.
Fifth, according to functionality, they can be divided into fresh-keeping warehouses, pre-cooling warehouses, acid discharge warehouses, quick-freezing warehouses, controlled atmosphere warehouses, etc., such as: vegetable fresh-keeping warehouses, vegetable pre-cooling warehouses , pork rib sour pre-cooling warehouse, meat quick-freezing warehouse and other types. What are the types of cold storage? 3
Classification of cold storage:
(1) According to structural form, cold storage can be divided into: civil cold storage, prefabricated cold storage (movable cold storage) < /p>
(2) According to the nature of use, cold storage can be divided into: production cold storage, distribution cold storage, retail cold storage
(3) According to the size, cold storage can be divided into: Large cold storage, medium cold storage, small cold storage
(4) According to the selection of working fluids in the cold storage refrigeration equipment, cold storage can be divided into: ammonia cold storage, Freon cold storage
(5) According to the use of the cold storage According to temperature requirements, cold storage can be divided into: high temperature cold storage, medium temperature cold storage, low temperature cold storage, ultra low temperature cold storage, refrigerated cold storage, quick freezing cold storage
(6) According to the structural materials and grades used , cold storage can be divided into: high-end cold storage, low-end cold storage, fiberglass cold storage, color steel cold storage, stainless steel cold storage
(7) According to the storage characteristics, cold storage can be divided into: supermarket cold storage, constant temperature cold storage, controlled atmosphere Cold storage
(8) According to the storage items, cold storage can be divided into: pharmaceutical cold storage, food cold storage, fruit cold storage, vegetable cold storage, tea cold storage, etc.
The picture shows: real shot of large cold storage
Judging from the current development trend of the cold chain industry, small and medium-sized fruit and vegetable controlled atmosphere warehouses are deeply loved by fruit farmers and dealers. On the basis of conventional cold storage, the technology of controlled atmosphere warehouses further extends the preservation life.
If you want to build a cold storage. First of all, we need to provide: the purpose of the cold storage, the size of the cold storage, and the temperature of the cold storage. Anhui Kende Refrigeration is a refrigeration organization specializing in cold storage design, cold storage installation, and cold storage construction. It designs and builds cold storage with different specifications and requirements for customers. Cold storage project, currently has provided cold storage construction services to thousands of customers. You are welcome to consult us. What are the types of cold storage? 4
Classification according to the capacity of cold storage
It can be divided into large cold storage, medium cold storage and small cold storage.
Large cold storage: refrigeration capacity is more than 10,000 tons;
Medium cold storage: refrigeration capacity is 1,000~10,000 tons;
Small cold storage: refrigeration capacity is 0- Below 1000 tons.
According to the classification of cold storage design temperature
It can be divided into high temperature storage, Chinese storage, low temperature storage and ultra-low temperature storage.
High temperature library: also called constant temperature library, the design temperature is 5~15℃.
Medium temperature warehouse: also called cold storage, the design temperature is 5~-5℃.
Low temperature storage: also called freezing storage, the design temperature is -18 ~ -25 ℃.
Quick freezing warehouse: also called quick freezing warehouse, the design temperature is -35~-40℃.
Ultra-low temperature storage: also called cryogenic storage, the design temperature is -45~-60℃.
Classification according to the nature of use of cold storage
It can be divided into production cold storage, distribution cold storage and retail cold storage.
Production cold storage: a place for low-temperature storage of frozen products with large refrigeration processing capacity and fixed cold storage capacity, such as meat joint processing plants, dairy joint processing plants, etc.
Distribution cold storage: also known as transit cold storage, used to receive and store frozen and processed food. The production characteristics of this type of cold storage are whole-in and zero-out or whole-in and whole-out. It has a certain refreezing capacity and can meet the needs of necessary refreezing of food. In addition, its location is often located in water and land transportation hubs, large and medium-sized cities and Industrial and mining areas with large population.
Retail cold storage: refers to the cold storage built in industrial and mining enterprises or large urban non-staple food stores and vegetable markets for temporary storage of retail food. It is characterized by small storage capacity and short storage period, and its storage temperature varies with different usage requirements. In terms of the structure of the warehouse, most of them adopt prefabricated combined cold storage.
According to the classification of cold storage storage items
It can be divided into pharmaceutical cold storage, meat cold storage, blood cold storage, vaccine cold storage, fruit cold storage, vegetable cold storage, Cold storage for medicinal materials, cold storage for aquatic products, etc.
1. Drug cold storage: Refrigeration under low-temperature refrigeration conditions can prevent drugs from deteriorating and ineffective, extend the shelf life of drugs, and meet the technical requirements of the Medical Supervision Bureau.
2. Meat cold storage: It uses artificial refrigeration to maintain low temperature in the warehouse, and is suitable for buildings where meat is frozen and refrigerated.
3. Blood cold storage: a cold storage that can be refrigerated under low-temperature refrigeration conditions (2℃-8℃) to prevent fresh blood and plasma from deteriorating and failing, and meets the technical requirements of the Medical Supervision Bureau.
4. Vaccine cold storage: cold storage that can be refrigerated under low-temperature refrigeration conditions to prevent vaccines from deteriorating and ineffective, extending the shelf life of drugs, and meeting the technical requirements of the Medical Supervision Bureau.
5. Fruit cold storage: often divided into two types: fruit fresh-keeping storage and controlled atmosphere storage. Use low temperature or increase equipment to control the content of oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases in the storage to inhibit the activity of microorganisms and enzymes, thereby prolonging the Fruit storage time is very suitable for the storage and processing of most fruits.
6. Vegetable cold storage: Not much different from fruit cold storage, it is also often divided into two types: vegetable fresh-keeping storage and controlled atmosphere storage. Use low temperature or increase the equipment to control the content of oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases in the storage to suppress The activity of microorganisms and enzymes can extend the storage time of vegetables and is very suitable for the storage and processing of most vegetables.
7. Cold storage for medicinal materials: a cold storage that can be refrigerated under low-temperature refrigeration conditions to prevent medicinal materials (biological and mineral Chinese medicinal materials) from deteriorating and failing, and meets the technical requirements of the Medical Supervision Bureau.
8. Aquatic product cold storage: often used for frozen storage of aquatic fish and seafood to extend the shelf life of seafood and maintain the original flavor of seafood.