Original text
The country (city) is under the Nanshan Mountain, so it is suitable for daily life and food to be connected with the mountain. There is no mountain in the four directions higher than Zhongnan; and no mountain is as beautiful (attached) to the city as close to Fufeng. If you seek the highest, you will definitely get it. As for the prefect's residence, he did not know that there was a mountain. Although things are not profit and loss, there are things that are not natural in physics. This is what Lingxu built.
Fang Qi had not built anything yet, and the prefect Chen Gong’s staff and shoes were carefree beneath it. Seeing the mountains emerging from the trees, they are like people traveling outside the wall and seeing their buns. He said: "There must be something different." He ordered the workers to chisel a square pool in front of it, and built a platform with the soil, which was higher than the ridge of the house (roof ridge). Then when people reach the top, they suddenly don't know how high the platform is, and think that the mountain is jumping out of the mountain with great enthusiasm and speed. The public said: "It is appropriate to name him Lingxu." He told him that he was engaged in Su Shi, and asked for an article to record it.
Shi replied to the public and said: "It is impossible to know whether something is ruined or destroyed. In the past, weeds and wild fields were covered by frost and dew, and foxes and snakes lurked. At this time, how could you possibly know that there is a Lingxu Terrace? The ruins will rise and fall, and they will be traced back to each other in infinity. Then the terrace will become barren grass and wild fields, and it is impossible to know. Mu's Qi Nian and Tuo Quan are also there. To the south are Changyang and Wuzha (zuo) from Han Dynasty. To the north are Renshou from Sui and Jiucheng from Tang. Considering their temporary prosperity, they are magnificent and beautiful. How can something that is solid and immovable be a hundred times as strong as a platform? However, after a few lives, if you want to be like it, the tiles and walls will be broken down, and there will be no more. The platform is not worth relying on for a long time. Moreover, due to changes in human affairs, people come and go. If you want to be self-sufficient in order to boast about the world, then it is too much. Also.
Having spoken to the public, he retreated to record it.
Chen Xiliang, the prefect at that time, was named Gongbi, a native of Qingshen County, Sichuan, and the same hometown as Su Shi. . He was a Jinshi during the reign of Emperor Renzong of Zhao Zhen. He was a family friend of Su Dongpo's family and was equivalent to the elder of Su Dongpo's father, Su Xun. Therefore, he told others that he regarded Su Dongpo as his grandson and could not see him. Zhijiao was content with no ambition to make progress, and was usually strict with him, deliberately not giving him a good look, just to dampen Su Dongpo's spirit and make him calm down, so as to avoid suffering disadvantages in the complicated officialdom in the future.
Su Shi was in charge. When Fengxiang Prefecture (today's Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province) signed a letter for the judge, his boss, Chen Xiliang, the prefect of Fengxiang Prefecture, built a high-altitude viewing platform and asked Su Shi to write an article for this platform.
When writing this article, he stepped on it. Su Shi, who had only been in office for two years, had great political ambitions to consolidate the country and stabilize the people, and advocated that government should benefit the people and be proactive. However, in his opinion, the construction of Lingxutai did not benefit the people. His positive political views are in conflict with each other, so there is always a sarcastic tone in the words.
This "note" can be divided into two parts. The first part describes the origin and choice of building Lingxutai. The advantage of the place where the platform was built and the origin of the name "Lingxu"; the latter part is written in fictitious writing, borrowing objects to express emotions, and is related to the history of ruins and ruins throughout the ages. It laments the vagaries of people, things and everything, and points out that you cannot "exaggerate the world" with a little gain. Instead of being self-sufficient, we should explore something that we can truly rely on forever. It reflects the positive and optimistic side of life and the persistent pursuit of ideals in Su Shi's thoughts, and fully demonstrates Su Shi's realistic attitude towards the value of life. The content of this "note" It is concrete and realistic, tells the story directly, is rigorous and smooth, has both reality and imaginary, and combines reality and imaginary. It is profound and thought-provoking.
The first two paragraphs focus on the narrative, and the last paragraph. Argument and reasoning. The narrative and argumentation are consistent, and the content is revealed in the natural and twists and turns, which clearly highlights the purpose of the article.
In the first paragraph, the article points out the origin of the article. , which is somewhat different from the beginning of some well-known articles by Su Shi. There is no momentum of pointing out the country, no profound knowledge of other things, but more like casual chatting, and there is an atmosphere of unwillingness and unwillingness to cover up. The prefect's intention in building the platform was to view the mountains, and Su Shi's writing also rises from the mountains and forms the platform from the mountains.
" (2) Quoting Li Zhi: "It is too difficult to be a prefect. An article scolding the prefect. The writing is also good and can be felt. " (3) Quoting Zhongxing: "The reasoning in the second paragraph is not spirited. "
Mao Kun's "Song Master Su Wenzhong's Documentary Notes" Volume 25: "Su Gong often had this period of open-mindedness, but he was less protected by Chen Taishou. "
Zheng Zhihui's "Su Changgong Cooperation" (1) quoted Chen Yuanzhi: "When I climbed high and sighed, I wrote about the ethos of outstanding scholars. Mr. Zhuo (Li Zhuowu) said it was wrong to criticize." ” (2) “Taiwan has become a decadent scene, and it is a kind of writing that is out of this world. If in future generations, would the Citron family dare to make such remarks? However, it was still said that Wenzhong was slandered by his superiors at that time, which was so serious that it was difficult to establish a pen. "
Volume 15 of Jin Shengtan's "The Talents in the World Must Read": "It seems that there are many layers of sections in reading, but only two sections are created and destroyed, and they are written one after another. "
Chu Xin's "Selected Categories of Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties" Volume 12: "Everyone has this feeling when they climb high and look far. Wei Gong can speak various languages ??and texts. It is wrong to say that "the world has enough to rely on". It is the custom of the Song Dynasty to be self-sufficient. It may also be said that it is arrogant and self-possessed, and it is wrong to make fun of Chen Taishou. "
Volume 13 of Lin Yunming's "Analysis of Ancient Chinese Prose": "The platform was built for the sake of the mountains, and it has no original meaning. The opening of the chapter originates from the mountain, pointing out that this platform has its own existence from nothingness, and should return from its own existence to nothingness. Li Zhuowu said that it was a text scolding the prefect, but all the prefects in the Song Dynasty were illiterate. How could they scold the governor without knowing it, and then reuse it after knowing it? According to the name of Lingxu, the prefect ordered it to protrude into the sky, without any attached beauty, like a mirage, like colorful clouds, or like a flying bird. The building will not be destroyed until it exists; the colorful clouds will not disperse until it exists; the flying birds will not return until they are there. This was already the intention when the prefect was named. When Po Weng came to the stage, he made a diagnosis in person and made notes without adding a word. At the end, it turns to human affairs, but returns to its roots. It has the reality of immortality. It regards the insignificant things in the world, their existence and their death, and there is no number of existence or non-existence. It is a text to recognize the title. The single-word rain in "Xiyu Pavilion" and the single-word music in "Transcendent Terrace" are neither scolding nor encouraging the prefect, nor are they showing off one's own understanding. The composition also has the concept of Lingxu, which is full of enthusiasm and enthusiasm, and is very surprising. "
Wu Chucai and Wu Tiaohou's "Guanwen Guanzhi" Volume 11: "The whole article is only composed of two sections: rise and fall. Write again and again, the sad songs are generous and make people unhappy. However, if I have enough to rely on, why not be happy? Because there is a broad sense of insight in his feet, it is a high-level article. If it is considered to be a text ridiculing the prefect, it may not be the original purpose of the record that day. ”
Volume 23 of Shen Deqian’s "Eight Classics of the Tang and Song Dynasties": "The degree of invention is rising, Ruilan sheds tears, feels hatred and desires to teach, and finally returns to the third level of immortality, and is more than enlightened and enlightened." , we must mourn together and forget the present. Yang Sheng'an said it was a mockery of the prefect, and Chu Chu in the mainland said it was a custom of Song people. It is not inevitable. ”
Volume 7 of Lai Shanyang’s "Review of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties": "This article is inspired by Ou Gong's "Xianshan Pavilion" and "Zhenzhou Dongyuan", etc., and is different from others. Take out a machine shaft and drive on it. Zizhang is twenty-seven or eighty at this time, and the waves have become so old that it is appropriate for Lao Ou to be afraid of him. The saying that he will no longer talk about me after more than twenty years is true. ”
"False sleep in the guest seat (because of the visit to Chen Gongbi, the guardian of Fengxiang Mansion)"·Su Shi
I can't go in and sit like a withered tree. Isn't it just the host who has forgotten the guest, and now I too Forget about me. My colleagues were confused and looked sulky. Although I was not worried about my life, I could bear it for a while.
Su Shi became a Jinshi at the age of 21 and was appreciated by Ouyang Xiu, the leader of the literary world at that time. His reputation spread, and a few years later, Su Shi won the third class in the system examination, and his literary reputation was among the best in the world. At the beginning of his career, Su Shi served as a judge in Fengxiang Mansion, and assisted the prefect Chen Xiliang in handling daily affairs. , some minor officials who admired Su Shi called him "Su Xianliang". Su Shi was used to being complimented, and he accepted it calmly.
The prefect Chen Xiliang heard this from his subordinates one day. Addressing Su Shi, he became furious and ordered his staff to scold the petty official in front of Su Shi. He reprimanded: "The magistrate is just an official who assists in handling documents, how can he be virtuous? " Su Shi was very embarrassed to come to the stage. After that, whenever he saw that Su Shi was arrogant and complacent, Chen Xiliang also deliberately refused to see Su Shi when he came to see him.
When the government needed to fast and pray for blessings, Chen Xiliang also scrawled and revised the essay written by Su Shi. He went back and forth several times until the article was changed beyond recognition before it was put into use. As time passed, Su Shi believed that his boss was suppressing him for no reason, so he became enemies with Chen Xiliang. If there was no official business dealings, he would try not to have contact with Chen Xiliang. Even on important festivals such as the Ghost Festival, he refused to go to the prefect's office to participate in the festival with his boss. banquet.
Su Shi, who had been in the officialdom for a long time and was unhappy with both parties in the old and new party struggles, was repeatedly demoted. Only then did he understand the painstaking efforts of his boss Chen Xiliang. Because of his upright and disciplined personality with a clear distinction between love and hate, coupled with his success as a young man and his reputation, it is easy to arouse the jealousy of others. If he is always in the aura of self-vanity, he will easily lose his temper when he suffers setbacks. It is difficult to maintain a peaceful and open-minded attitude. Therefore, Chen Xiliang deliberately suppressed Su Shi, firstly to destroy his arrogance, but also to allow him to accept some setbacks in good times and feel the helplessness of life, so as to cultivate a perseverance spirit. When bad luck strikes, Be able to treat it with an optimistic and open-minded attitude.
After understanding all this, Su Shi wrote a biography for the late Chen Xiliang: "Fang Shi was young and energetic, foolish and inactive. He had many disputes with the public, and he regretted it in his words and expressions. "Perhaps, only after people have experienced setbacks can they realize that experience in adversity is also a kind of wealth in life.
There is a sentence in Cao Zhi's article "Seven Enlightenments": "The Hua Pavilion is surrounded by clouds, and the flying majesty is flying in the sky. Looking down at the shooting stars, looking up at the eight corners." It depicts a fairyland. Among them, the word "Lingxu" is very popular among later generations. It is often quoted in both naming and composition. It may represent people's romantic yearning for flying.
The boss asked Su Shi to write the article "The Story of Lingxu", but Su Shi was quite disapproving of Lingxu.
According to scholars’ research, Su Shi’s Xiyu Pavilion is only thirty meters away from Lingxu Terrace. One is Xiyu's touching words, and the other is Lingxu's untouchable words. The pairing is quite incongruous.
There is such a record in Shao Bo's "Shao Family After Hearing and Seeing" of the Northern Song Dynasty: "It was Gongbi who wrote "Lingxutai Ji"... Gonglan laughed and said: 'See Su Mingyun (Su "Xun) Youzi is also a certain (referring to Su Shi) Youzi. People who usually don't use words and expressions to gain fame because of their youth are afraid of their husbands and are invincible. Isn't that what I am saying?" Governor Chen had always wanted to deliberately suppress the spirit of Su Shi, the favored son of heaven at that time, and he actually loved Su Shi quite a lot.
Based on these materials, it can be seen that Chen Taishou may not be the kind of person Su Shi said, and there is no deep conflict between Su Shi and Chen Taishou, and "Lingxutai Ji" may indeed be Su Shi's "young and energetic" The article. Taking advantage of the Lingxutai incident, Su Shi talked roundaboutly with the new eunuch who was nearly fifty years old and difficult to get along with, and talked about the rise and fall of history that he may not be good at given his age. It was suspected of being rhetorical, pretending to be mature, and even showing off his power. Fortunately, Governor Chen didn't pay attention. It is said that this article was engraved word for word on the inscription on Lingxutai.
In the sixth year of Jiayou's reign (1061), Su Shi became an official and Ren Fengxiang signed the contract. In the eighth year of Jiayou's reign (1063), Chen Xiliang, the prefect of Fengxiang, built a platform in the back garden and named it "Lingxu". He asked Su Shi to remember it, so Su Shi wrote this "Lingxu Terrace".