2. Kneel down and ask for some common knowledge of Chinese studies, preferably for examination questions
1. Mr. Wolong, the so-called gentleman → Shu Han, Mr. Zhuge Liang and Mr. Jingjie → Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Qian Mr. Wuliu → Eastern Jin Dynasty, Emperor Tao Qianxi → Eastern Jin Dynasty, Mr. Tao Qianchangli → Tang Dynasty, Mr. Han Yu Zuiyin → Tang Dynasty, Mr. Bai Juyi Guangcheng → Late Tang Dynasty, Mr. Du Guangting Xiaoyao → Five Dynasties, Mr. Zheng Aotongxuan → Five Dynasties, Mr. Zhang Jianming Shushui → Northern Song Dynasty, Mr. Sima Guang Nanfeng → Northern Song Dynasty, Mr. Zeng Gong Lianxi → Northern Song Dynasty, Mr. Zhou Dunyi Mingdao → Northern Song Dynasty, Mr. Cheng Hao Yichuan → Northern Song Dynasty, Mr. Cheng Yihengqu → Northern Song Dynasty, Mr. Zhang Zai*** → Southern Song Dynasty, Mr. Zhu Xi Kaoting → Southern Song Dynasty, Mr. Zhu Xi Xiangshan → Southern Song Dynasty, Mr. Lu Jiuyuan Chengzhai → Southern Song Dynasty, Mr. Yang Wanli Qianxi → Ming Dynasty, Mr. Song Lian Zhengxue → Ming Dynasty, Mr. Fang Xiaoru Yangming → Ming Dynasty, Mr. Wang Shouren Zhenchuan → Ming Dynasty Chao, returned to Mr. Guangting Lin → Qing Dynasty, Mr. Gu Yanwu Lizhou → Qing Dynasty, Mr. Huang Zongxi Nanlei → Qing Dynasty, Mr. Huang Zongxi Chuanshan → Qing Dynasty, Mr. Wang Fuzhi Xie Shan → Qing Dynasty, Mr. Quanzu Wangwangxi → Qing Dynasty, Mr. Fang Bao Liaozhai Mr. → Qing Dynasty, Mr. Pu Songling Suiyuan → Qing Dynasty, Mr. Yuan Mei Xibao → Qing Dynasty, Mr. Yao Nai Zhongshan → Republic of China, Sun Wen’er, the layman Qinglian → Tang Dynasty, Li Bai Xiangshan lay → Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi Liuyi layman → Northern Song Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu Dongpo layman → Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi Houshan layman → Northern Song Dynasty, Chen Shidao *** layman → Northern Song Dynasty, Zhou Bangyan Jiaxuan layman → Southern Song Dynasty, Xin Qiji Yian layman → Southern Song Dynasty, Li Qingzhao Shihu layman → Southern Song Dynasty, Fan Chengda Liuquan layman → Qing Dynasty, Pu Songling reincarnated layman → Qing Dynasty, Hong Liang Jisan, the names of Confucius and Mencius → Confucius, Mencius and Meng Xun → Meng Ke, Xun Kuang Yang Mo → Yang Zhu, Mo Zhai Laozhuang → Laozi, Zhuangzi, Qu Song → Qu Yuan, Song Yuma Ban → Sima Qian, Ban Gu, Mei Ma → Mei Cheng, Sima Xiangru, King Cao → Cao Zhi, Wang Can, Xu Yu → Xu Ling, Yu Xin, Li Du → Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Meng → Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Gao Cen → Gao Shi, Cen Shen Yuan Bai → Yuan Zhen, Bai Juyi and Liu Bai → Liu Yuchun, Bai Juyi and Liu Liu → Liu Yuxi, Liu Zongyuan and Han Liu → Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Han Ou → Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu Shen Song Dynasty → Shen Quanqi, Song Zhiwen Wen Li → Wen Tingyun, Li Shangyin, Ou Zeng→Ouyang Xiu, Zeng Gong, Su Xin→Su Shi, Xin Qiji, Su Lu→Su Shi, Lu You, Su Huang→Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Zhang Liu→Zhang Xian, Liu Yongcheng, Zhu→Er Cheng, Zhu Xi, Lu Wang→Lu Jiuyuan, Wang Yangming, Sun Hong→Sun Xingyan, Hong Liang Ji Kang Liang → Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao.
3. Traditional Chinese Studies knowledge
In fact, some of it is unfamiliar, some of it is small and not worth the effort, and some of it is too hard to find. This is actually just to check whether the memory is good or bad. If you haven’t seen it, it doesn’t count as really learning Chinese studies. Of course, it’s okay to enjoy it.
As for studying Chinese traditional culture, you should read it bit by bit, such as 300 poems from the Tang Dynasty, 300 poems from the Song Dynasty, and 300 poems from the Yuan Dynasty. You don’t need to read the literary history. That will have to wait until you understand it. review. Many Chinese studies are in classical Chinese, so we must increase our knowledge of classical Chinese.
I recommend some books, "Wen Xin", which is a book by Xia Chuzun and Ye Shengtao that uses stories to introduce some literary knowledge to young people. Take a look at the collection of classics and history and choose representative ones. "Gu Wen Guan Zhi", I think it is not because the selected ones are all good, but because it is comprehensive. It is originally for the first-time candidates. You can also read this kind of elementary school books, such as Kindergarten Qionglin, there are many bookstores.
There is also much to see in modern times. In fact, you can start with familiar books, and many books are extended from these books.
You don’t have to be Chinese to learn Chinese studies. Some Western ones can be verified, such as rhetoric, and some of them are concise. Japanese people should not underestimate them. Some things are very good and can be read as stories. In the last step, I hope you don’t become a millionaire, but you can dig deeper if you are interested.
4. A little knowledge about traditional Chinese culture: What’s the reason for the title of the Wild Goose Pagoda?
The Wild Goose Pagoda refers to the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in Ci’en Temple in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province today.
The inscription in the Big Wild Goose Pagoda means that you passed the imperial examination and passed the Jinshi.
After attending the banquet in Qujiang, the new scholars of the Tang Dynasty had another important activity, which was to inscribe their names at the Wild Goose Pagoda.
Tang Weixuan's "Liu Guests' Speech Record" records: "Ci'en's inscription originated from Zhang Ju. It was originally written in the same year when he was wandering in the temple. The person was because of the story." The story is like this: Tang Zhongzong Shenlong During the 1960s, Zhang Ju, a new scholar in the imperial examinations, visited Ci'en Temple, a famous temple in the capital. On a whim, he inscribed his name under the Big Wild Goose Pagoda.
Unexpectedly, this move attracted literati to follow suit. Especially the new scholars regard it as a great honor to be able to inscribe their names in the Yan Pagoda.
After participating in the banquet in Qujiang, they took the opportunity to come together to the Big Wild Goose Pagoda and recommended calligraphers to write their names, place of origin and date of birth on the wall of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda with ink pens. . If one of them becomes a minister in the future, his or her name will be written in red pen.
The title of the Wild Goose Pagoda also left many popular and interesting stories for future generations. The most famous one is the great poet Bai Juyi. He won the first prize at the age of twenty-seven. He couldn't restrain his joy and wrote the poem "Under the Ci'en Pagoda, the youngest among the seventeen people."
Another example is Liu Cang, another new scholar, who also left the pride of "purple hair and pink wall inscriptions on immortal books" on it. He simply thought that he was the Wenqu star from the sky who had descended to earth. Some dignitaries who did not have the title of Jinshi were also very jealous of this.
For example, Li Deyu, the prime minister during the reign of Emperor Wuzong of the Tang Dynasty, was not a Jinshi, so he hated Jinshi very much. So he not only ordered the cancellation of the grand event of the Qujiang Banquet, but also ordered that all names of new Jinshi be removed. However, since naming in the Yan Pagoda is ultimately a symbol of honor that students dream of, this activity will still be followed by future generations.
The scholar-bureaucrats of the Song Dynasty still talked about the past events of inscribing the name of the Wild Goose Pagoda: "When people in the Tang Dynasty were admitted to the imperial examination, Yan gathered in Qujiang and inscribed the name of the Wild Goose Pagoda, which was a great honor for a generation. Looking at the scholarly style at that time, it was profound that he could not accept it. Hate."
(Volume 7 of "Bao Ke Cong Bian") In Wenkang of the Qing Dynasty, there is still "The first thing is to advise your son-in-law to study and make progress. Early records of "Inscription on the Wild Goose Pagoda". The scandal spread to both the government and the public, and its impact was both deep and wide.
Of course, the title of the new Jinshi is not limited to Ci'en Temple. For example, in the fourth year of Emperor Zhaozong's reign in the Tang Dynasty (904), the list of new Jinshi was released. Because Zhaozong was stationed in Shaanxi at that time, the new Jinshi was in Shaanxi. Kaiyuan Temple in the state was named. But the most influential thing was the inscription on the Wild Goose Pagoda, so later generations imitated it and used it as allusions.
The difference is that in the Tang Dynasty, the inscriptions were usually written in ink on the wall of the tower. After the two Song Dynasties, the inscriptions of Jinshi in each dynasty turned into engraved stones and erected steles. For example, Gao Sisun's "Wei Lue" Volume 5 records: "The names of Jinshi in this dynasty were all engraved on the two temples of Xiangguo and Xingguo, which is a sign of kindness."
During the Southern Song Dynasty, the names of Jinshi were inscribed in the Gongyuan or Gongyuan of the Ministry of Rites. Lin'an temple. In the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, most of them had steles inscribed by Jinshi within the scope of Chinese studies.
? Although the poetry of the new scholars was booming, the wall space of Ci'en Temple was limited after all, so soon the white wall of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda became a "flower wall". It is a pity that due to the passage of time, those Jinshi inscriptions that once filled the wall have disappeared.
5. Traditional Chinese Studies ▏▏How did the honorific "Sushi" come about
Source: According to "Shop" as the definition of the honorific, the most authoritative one is Cai Yong (Cai Wenji) (father) of the Eastern Han Dynasty Cai Yong's "Doctrine" volume: "Your Majesty, your Majesty's rank... The ministers did not dare to criticize when talking to the emperor, so they called those who called your Majesty and told them, because they were humble and respected. Also, the same is true for the letters, and the ministers and common people talking to each other about their highness, your Excellency, your subordinates, the waiters, and the deacons, all of which are like this."
The origin of the words is not verified with conclusive information. For example, as early as the Warring States Period, "Step" was clearly used as an honorific. "Han Feizi·Nan San": "Although today's foot is strong, it is not as good as Zhi's family; although Han and Wei are weak, they are not as good as they were under Jinyang."
As for the origin of its origin, there is a The story is very interesting: According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period, the prince of Jin, Chong'er, went away for 19 years. Later, Chong'er returned to Jin and became the king. After he ascended the throne, he became Duke Wen of Jin.
Duke Wen of Jin wanted to reward meritorious people, but he forgot to reward Jie Zitui, who had followed him on the run and cut off his flesh for him to eat. However, Jie Zitui was unwilling to accept the reward and took his mother to live in seclusion in Mianshan. After Duke Wen of Jin knew about it, he sent people to look for him in Mianshan, but he avoided seeing him. So Duke Wen of Jin tried to force him out of the mountain by burning the mountain. Unexpectedly, Jie Zitui was so stubborn that he was burned to death while holding a big tree and his mother. Duke Wen of Jin was very sad, so he had the big tree cut down and made into clogs to wear under his feet. Every time he saw the clogs, he would say: "How sad, step on!". This is where the word "zuxia" comes from, and eventually the word "zushi" gradually evolved into a term of respect for others.
6. What is the Chinese knowledge about numbers?
The three emperors: Suiren, Fuxi, and Shennong. Po, Yao Po, and Wen Po. The three heroes of the early Han Dynasty: Han Xin, Xiao He, and Zhang Liang. The three obediences: obey the father before marrying, the husband when married, and the son after the death of the husband. The four virtues: the three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues: women's virtues, women's words, women's appearance, and women's merits. : The father is the guide for the son, the king is the guide for the ministers, and the husband is the guide for the wife; the three religions of benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and faith are nine streams: Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism; Confucianism, Taoism, Yin-Yang school, Legalism, famous schools, Mohism, political strategists, Miscellaneous families and farmers from all over the world: Bohai, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea. Four famous works: "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin", "Journey to the West", "Dream of Red Mansions". Five Emperors: Emperor, Zhuanxu, Emperor Ku, Tang Yao, Yu Shun and the Five Poisons. : The first is the "five poisonous insects" - green snake, centipede, scorpion, gecko, and toad; the second is the "five poisons", which is what you call "gallstone, cinnabar, realgar, vitriol, and loving stone." ; The third refers to the "five poisons" in Buddhism, which are the five "bad" emotions of "greed, anger, ignorance, love, and evil" and the five relationships: monarch and minister, father and son, brothers, husband and wife, and friends. , Southern, Northern, and Central grains: rice, millet, millet, wheat, and beans. Five sense organs: ears, eyes, mouth, nose, body. Hardware: gold, silver, copper, iron, and tin. Five Classics: Yi, Shu, Poetry, Rites, Spring and Autumn Five flavors: sweet, sour, bitter, spicy, salty. Five elements: gold, wood, water, fire, and earth. Corresponding directions of the five elements: east, south, middle, west, and north. Corresponding colors of the five elements: green, red, yellow, white, and black. The five elements correspond to taste - sour, bitter, sweet, pungent and salty. The five elements correspond to organs - liver, heart, spleen, lungs and kidneys. The five elements correspond to seasons - spring, summer, autumn and winter. The five internal organs: heart, liver, spleen, lungs, Kidney Five Mountains: Dongyue Taishan, Xiyue Huashan, Nanyue Hengshan, Beiyue Hengshan, Zhongyue Songshan Five Colors: Green, Yellow, Red, White, and Black Five Tones: Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, and Yu Six Dynasties: Wu, Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen Six animals: pig, cow, sheep, horse, chicken, dog Six internal organs: stomach, gallbladder, triple burner, bladder, large intestine, small intestine Six relatives: father, mother, elder brother, younger brother, wife, son Six arts: etiquette, music, shooting, The Six Meanings of the Book of Songs: Feng, Ya, Song, Fu, Bi, Xing. The Seven Orifices: Mouth, Nose, Eyes, and Ears. The Seven Emotions: Anger, Joy, Thought, Sadness, Fear, Surprise, and Worry. The Seven Treasures: Gold, Silver. , glass, coral, clam, pearl, agate, seven prescriptions: generous, small prescription, slow prescription, urgent prescription, odd prescription, even prescription, compound prescription. Eight directions of true red, inlaid blue, and true blue: east, southeast, south, southwest, west, northwest, north, and northeast. Bagua: break the topic, carry the topic, start the lecture, start, start the stock, middle stock, back stock, and close the stock. The Eight Immortals of Qian, Kun, Zhen, Xun, Kan, Li, Gen, and Dui: Han Zhongli, Zhang Guolao, Lu Dongbin, Tieguaili, Han Xiangzi, Cao Guojiu, Lan Caihe, and He Xiangu Eight-Nation Alliance: Britain, the United States, Germany, France, Russia, Japan, Italy, Austria Jiuzhou: Ji, Gun, Qing, Xu, Yang, Jing, Yu, Liang, Yong Jiu Ge: National Memorial Ceremony Soul Yun Zhongjun Xiangjun Mrs. Xiang Da Si Ming Shao Si Ming Nine chapters of ghosts in Hebo Mountain: Cherishing and reciting across the river, mourning, thinking about sand, missing beauties, cherishing the past, praising orange trees and mourning the returning wind. Nine palaces: Zhenggong, Zhonglu Palace, Nanlu Palace, Xianlu Palace, Huangzhong Palace, Damian Diao, Shuangdiao , Shang Diao, Yue Diao, the nine sons of Longsheng: Bixi (bì xì) (boss), Chiqi (chī wěn) (second child), Pulao (pú láo) (third child), Bifan (bì) àn) (老四), Taotie (tāo tiè) (老五), earthworm (pronounced bā xià, the two characters are pronounced here only) or worm (pronounced bā xià) (老六), 睚禦 (pronounced yá zì) (老七), suān ní (老八), Jiaotu (jiāo tú) (老九) The ten evils: treason, treason, treason, rebellion, unrighteousness, treason Disrespect, unfilial piety, disharmony, unrighteousness, and civil strife Twelve zodiac signs: rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog, pig Thirteen Classics: "Book of Changes", "Book of Books" ", "The Book of Songs", "Zhou Rites", "Rituals", "Book of Rites", "Chun Qiu Zuo Zhuan", "Chun Qiu Gong Yang Zhuan", "Spring and Autumn Guliang Zhuan"
, "The Analects of Confucius", "Shou Jing", "Erya", "Mencius" Thirteen chapters: Middle East, Jiangyang, Yiqi, Gusu, Huailai, Huihei, Renchen, Yanqian, Suobo, Masha, What evil, far away, and twenty-four histories: "Historical Records", "Hanshu", "Later Hanshu", "Three Kingdoms", "Jinshu", "Songshu", "Nanqishu", "Liangshu", "Chen Shu", "Wei Shu", "Northern Qi Shu", "Zhou Shu", "Nan Shu", "Southern History", "Northern History", "Tang Shu", "New Tang Shu", "History of the Five Dynasties" The twenty-four solar terms of Sui and Five Dynasties, Song, Liao, Jin, Yuan, and Ming: Beginning of Spring, Rain, Waking of Insects, Vernal Equinox, Qingming, Grain Rain, Beginning of Summer, Xiaoman, Ear Grain, Summer solstice, minor heat, major heat, beginning of autumn, end of heat, white dew, autumnal equinox, cold dew, frost, beginning of winter, light snow, heavy snow, winter solstice, minor cold, major cold.
Song of the Twenty-Four Solar Terms: The spring rain shocks the spring and clears the valley, the summer is full of busyness and heatstroke is connected, the autumn is exposed, the autumn is cold and the frost falls, the winter is snowy and the winter is cold. The two festivals of each month do not change, with a difference of one or two days at most. The first half is June 21, and the second half is August 23.
Twenty-eight constellations: The seven constellations of Canglong in the east: Jiao, Kang, Di, Fang, Xin, Wei, and Ji; the seven constellations of Xuanwu in the north: fight, ox, female, empty, dangerous, room, and wall; the seven constellations of white tiger in the west Constellations: Kui, Lou, Wei, Ang, Bi, Xi, Shen; Southern Suzaku's seven constellations: Well, Ghost, Willow, Star, Zhang, Yi, Zhen. Thirty-six Stratagems: Conceal the sky with one arrow and two eagles, borrow a knife to kill, wait for work, take advantage of the sound of fire, plunder, attack from the east, attack from the west, make something out of nothing, secretly cross the Chen Cang, point to the mulberry tree, scold the locust tree, borrow the corpse to revive the sheep, and lead the sheep. Knowingly and unknowingly, he lured the tiger away from the mountain and tried to capture him. He used the cauldron to draw the salary. He preemptively struck the grass, alarmed the snake, fell into the well, bluffed and turned against the guest. The golden cicada escaped from his shell and moved his body, framed the blame, killed the chicken, warned the monkey, stole the dragon, turned the phoenix, caught the thief, captured the king, pretended to be a pig, eaten the tiger, crossed the bridge, drew a board, Li Daitao, stiff, threw bricks, lured the jade beauty trap, provoked the general's scheme, the empty city scheme, the counter-intuitive scheme, the bitter meat scheme, the joint scheme. The upper sixty Jiazi are: Heavenly Stems (A, Yi, Bing, Ding, Wu, Ji, Geng, Xin, Ren, Gui) and Earthly Branches (Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, Hai) are arranged in order (the heavenly stems are in the front and the earthly branches are in the back), 60 (the least common multiple of 10 and 12) years.
7. Basic knowledge of traditional Chinese culture: What is the difference between "year" and "zai"
Nian
nián
①The unit of time , one year in the Gregorian calendar is the time it takes for the earth to revolve around the sun. There are 365 days in an ordinary year and 366 days in a leap year. There is a leap year every four years: three to five years from today~│to~│. Just add the numeral in front, without the quantifier.
②Every year: ~meeting│~judge│~production.
③Age: ~ Ji │ ~ Age │ Forget ~ Hands │ Longevity ~.
④ Stages divided by age in life: childhood~│young~│young~│young~│middle~│old~.
⑤Period; era: near the end of Ming Dynasty and Guangxu period.
⑥The harvest of crops in a year: ~ Cheng│~ Scenery│ Feng~│ Fail~.
⑦New Year’s Day: New Year~│Celebration~│Blessings to everyone~.
⑧New Year-related (supplies): ~cakes│~goods│~paintings.
⑨The relationship between those who passed the exam in the same year during the imperial examination era: ~brother│~ friendship│common~.
⑩ (Nián) surname.
Zai
zǎi
Year: one and a half years ~丨Three years and five years~丨A thousand~ rare.
◆
Contain
zǎi
Record
①; Publish: log in~丨issue~丨reprint ~. See also in.
◆
Loading
zài
①Loading: ~passengers丨~cargo◇~return with good reputation.
② Full of (road): wind and snow~road丨complaints~road.
③ (Zài) surname.
◆ Zai
zài
〈书〉 also; and: ~singing~dancing. See also zǎi.