It’s called geometry book.
"Elements" (Greek: Στοιχε?α), also known as "Elements", is a mathematical work written by the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid. It is the foundation of European mathematics, summarizes the five postulates of plane geometry, and is widely regarded as the most successful textbook in history.
Euclide also wrote some works on perspective, conic sections, spherical geometry and number theory. Euclid used an axiomatic approach. This method later became a model for building any system of knowledge, and for almost two thousand years it was regarded as an example of rigorous thinking that must be followed. This work is the basis of Euclidean geometry and is the most widely circulated book in the West after the Bible.
"Elements" is an immortal work that integrates the thoughts of predecessors and Euclid's personal creativity. He also listed some generally recognized facts as definitions and axioms, and used these definitions and axioms to study the properties of various geometric figures using formal logic methods, thereby establishing a set of axioms and definitions.
The geometric argumentation method that demonstrates propositions and obtains theorems forms a rigorous logical system - geometry. And this book became the foundation work of Euclidean geometry.
This book has basically covered geometry from ancient Egypt in the 7th century BC to the 4th century BC - the period when Euclid lived - a total of more than 400 years of mathematics. Development history. It not only preserves many of the early geometric theories of ancient Greece, but also promotes these ancient mathematical ideas through Euclid's pioneering systematic arrangement and complete elaboration.
It pioneered the study of classical number theory, established the Euclidean geometry system based on a series of axioms, definitions, and postulates, and became the earliest mathematical deduction system established using axiomatic methods. model.
The "Elements" written by Euclid was written around 300 BC, and the original book has long been lost. The whole book is divided into 13 volumes. The book contains 5 "Axioms", 5 "Common Notions", 23 Definitions and 48 Propositions.
In each volume, Euclid adopted a completely different narrative method from his predecessors, that is, he first proposed axioms, postulates and definitions, and then proved them from simple to complex. This makes the discussion in the book more compact and clear.