In the forty-eighth year of King Zhao of Qin (259 BC), Ying Zheng was born in the State of Zhao. Judging from the lineage of the kings of Qin, his father was Zichu, the prince of Qin who was held hostage in Zhao at that time (that is, a foreigner, later established as King Zhuangxiang). "Historical Records of the Qin Dynasty" says: "King Zhuang Xiang died and Zizheng was established as the first emperor of Qin." However, "Historical Records of the Qin Dynasty: Biography of Lu Buwei" records a legendary story that Ying Zheng was actually Lu Buwei's son. He lived with Zhao Ji, who was good at singing and dancing. After learning that Zhao Ji was pregnant, he asked Zhao Ji to seduce Zi Chu. Soon Zi Chu fell in love with Zhao Ji, so Lu Buwei dedicated Zhao Ji to Zi Chu. When Zhao Ji was full term, she gave birth to Ying Zheng, and Zi Chu then made Zhao Ji his wife. Zichu returned to his country and inherited the throne, and after his death, he passed the throne to Zizheng. This theory was accepted by Ban Gu, so the "Book of Han" referred to Ying Zheng as Lu Zheng.
Wang Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty's "Study Postscript" doubted the authenticity of this record in "The Biography of Lu Buwei" and put forward two reasons: First, Lu Buwei deliberately fabricated the story that he was the father of Qin Shihuang in order to preserve his wealth; Second, Lu Buwei's retainers made up this theory to vent their anger by calling Qin Shihuang an illegitimate son. Guo Moruo's "Ten Criticisms" also doubted that Lu Buwei was the father of King Qin Zheng, pointing out three doubts: first, it was only found in "Historical Records" but not in "National Policy", and there was no other circumstantial evidence; second, with Chun Shenjun and The story of the female ring is like a stereotyped article, and the plot is generally a novel; thirdly, "The Biography of Lu Buwei" also mentions "the daughter of Mrs. Zichu and Zhao Hao's family", which is obviously contradictory to the above story.
Guo Zhikun's "The Biography of Qin Shihuang" made tit-for-tat criticisms of Guo Moruo's three questions. He believes that, firstly, many records in "Historical Records" are not included in "Warring States Policy" and there is no circumstantial evidence, so the authenticity of "Historical Records" is still maintained; secondly, the story of Chun Shenjun and Nvhuan comes from "Warring States Policy". Warring States policy? Chu policy". The stories contained in "Historical Records" are similar to this, which does not negate the authenticity of the records in "Historical Records". It can only show that this method of struggle was used by many political figures at the time; thirdly, and There is no contradiction. Sima Qian said that Lu Buwei took "all the concubines from Handan who are very good dancers" and dedicated them to Zi Chu. This "concubine" is the "daughter of Zhao Hao's family", which makes perfect sense.
Guo Zhikun further cited Ban Gu's statement that Qin Shihuang was called "Lü Zheng". Pei Si's "Anthology of Historical Records": "Lu Zhengzhi, the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty was famous for his political work. It was Lu Buwei who was lucky enough to give birth to the first emperor when his concubine was pregnant, so he gave birth to the first emperor, so it is called Lu Zheng." Guo Zhikun also pointed out: "It is said that the first emperor of Qin was an illegitimate son. It does not affect his great image of unifying China." He also gave the example of Confucius and Jesus being illegitimate, but this does not damage their image.
Even so, the issue of Qin Shihuang’s biological father will probably continue to be debated.
The harem has thousands of vests
The mystery of Qin Shihuang’s life experience. Qin Shihuang Yingzheng was the first emperor to rule the world and dominate the world in China's autocratic era for thousands of years. The pampered monarchs, concubines, princesses, and relatives of the six countries all knelt down and bowed their heads in fear. However, Qin Shihuang, who was proud of the world, was extremely fragile because he had always kept secret about his life experience. Qin Shihuang succeeded King Zhuangxiang of Qin (Zi Chu) and ascended the throne as the prince. Zhao Ji, the mother of Qin Shihuang, is said to have been Lu Buwei's beloved concubine. She was later given to Zi Chu and was named queen. So, whether Qin Shihuang was the son of Zi Chu or the son of Lu Buwei has been disputed by future generations.
"Historical Records" records that Qin Prime Minister Lu Buwei was originally a wealthy man in Puyang, Henan, and a well-known businessman. But he was not satisfied with the status and life of having thousands of possessions. He was ambitious and coveted the royal power.
So, Lu Buwei packed his bags and went to Handan, the capital of Zhao State, and carefully planned a big conspiracy to adopt Yiren, the grandson of King Qin who was a hostage in Zhao State, to the favored Mrs. Huayang. In the blink of an eye, the foreigner was established as his direct heir and renamed Zichu.
Soon, national affairs changed. King Zhao and King Xiaowen of Qin died one after another, and Zi Chu ascended the throne in a majestic manner, and Lu Buwei was named prime minister. After that, Lu Buwei dedicated his beloved concubine Zhao Ji to Zi Chu, gave birth to Ying Zheng, and was named queen. Unexpectedly, Zi Chu died after only reigning for three years, so his son Ying Zheng inherited the throne naturally. , this is the later Qin Shihuang.
Lu Buwei believed that Ying Zheng was his biological son, and asked Ying Zheng to call him "Father Zhong", while he took charge of the country's political affairs, becoming one person under one person, over ten thousand people, with power over the government and the opposition, and with one hand covering the sky. Big shot, Lu Buwei's secret plan in Handan came true.
The reasons why Lu Buwei and Qin Shihuang have a father-son relationship are as follows:
Firstly, this can show that Qin Shihuang is not the direct descendant of the Qin royal family, and those who oppose Qin Shihuang have found a good one. reasons for rebellion.
Second, it was a strategy adopted by Lu Buwei to defeat the political struggle of Marquis Changxin, in an attempt to use the affection between father and son to gain the support of Qin Shihuang and enhance his own fighting strength.
Third, relieve Qin’s hatred of destroying the six kingdoms. Lu Buwei, a member of the "Six Kingdoms", did not move his soldiers and soldiers, and used strategies to push his son to the throne of Qin and seize his country. Therefore, the anger of destroying the country could be eliminated.
Fourth, most information after the Han Dynasty believes that Ying Zheng is the son of Lu Buwei, which seeks historical basis for Han to replace Qin. Their logic is that the inner palace of the King of Qin is so filthy, how can he govern a country well, so Qin It is natural to die quickly.
Later generations also believed that the above legend could not be established.
First, from Zi Chu’s point of view, even if there is Lu Buwei’s conspiracy, the possibility of its realization is very slim. Because when King Qin Zhao was on the throne, he might not necessarily pass the throne to Zi Chu, let alone Zi Chu’s future son.
Secondly, considering the birth date of Qin Shihuang, if Zhao Ji had been pregnant before entering the palace, Qin Shihuang would have been born prematurely, and Zi Chu would not have known this. It can be seen that the biological father of Qin Shihuang should be Zi Chu, not Lu Buwei.
Thirdly, judging from Zhao Ji’s background, there is also much to be said for it. "Historical Records: The Chronicles of the First Emperor of Qin" records that after Qin destroyed Zhao, the King of Qin personally came to Handan and killed all those who had enmity with the Queen Mother of Qin's family. Since Zhao Ji came from a wealthy family, how could she first become Lu Buwei's concubine and then be offered as the wife of a foreigner? In this way, there would be no story of Zhao Ji being pregnant with Lu Buwei's child and then marrying to a foreigner.
The mystery of life experience can only be left to future generations to speculate, but the idiom "a rare thing can live in" has been spread throughout the world