In the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (154 BC), when the crown prince had not yet been established, Emperor Jing calmly said to Liu Wu at a family banquet: "I will pass the throne to you after I live

In the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (154 BC), when the crown prince had not yet been established, Emperor Jing calmly said to Liu Wu at a family banquet: "I will pass the throne to you after I live forever." Liu Wu thanked him verbally, but he was very happy in his heart. , Empress Dowager Dou was overjoyed, but was stopped by Dou Ying and gave up. Afterwards, the Empress Dowager proposed to establish King Liang as his heir and once again solicited the opinions of the ministers. Yuan Ang and other ministers unanimously opposed it. In this way, the matter of Liang Wang's succession to the throne was abandoned. But at the same time, it also laid the foundation for future troubles for the blood of the opposing ministers in the capital, and the incompatibility between brothers. His nephew, General Dou Ying, suppressed the chaos in the Seven Kingdoms and was granted the title of Marquis of Wei. After the death of Emperor Wen, the Dou clan was granted the title of Marquis: his brother Dou Changjun died early, his son Dou Pengzu was granted the title of Marquis of Nanpi, and his younger brother Dou Shaojun was granted the title of Marquis of Zhangwu. Empress Dowager Dou believed in Huang Lao's theory. Emperor Jing and the Dou clan had to read "Laozi" and respect his teachings. Therefore, when she was alive, "all the doctors were in official positions waiting to be asked, but no one made progress" ("Historical Records: The Scholars"). During the reign of Emperor Jing, she once summoned Dr. Yuan Gusheng to ask him what kind of book "Laozi" was. Yuan Gusheng was ignorant of current affairs and suddenly replied: "This is just a book that ordinary people read. It makes no sense." Empress Dowager Dou said He said angrily: "Does it have to be Sikong Chengdan's book?" In his words, he mocked Confucianism for being harsh, comparing it to Sikong prison officials and Chengdan's criminal law. Upon hearing this, Yuan Gusheng wanted to turn around and leave, but the Queen Mother stopped him and asked him to go to the pigsty to fight the pigs. Liu Che (Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty), who was still the prince at the time, saw that Yuan Gusheng was a weak scholar and was afraid that he would not be able to defeat the pig, so he threw a dagger in and let Yuan Gusheng stab the pig to death. Therefore, during the sixteen years of Emperor Jing's reign, he never employed Confucian scholars. After Liu Che came to the throne, the Empress Dowager heard that he was fond of Confucianism and was very dissatisfied. She often intervened in the government affairs. It was not convenient for Emperor Wu to disobey his grandmother, and he always consulted her for instructions on all court affairs. At that time, Zhao Wan, the imperial censor, and Wang Zang, the doctor's order, welcomed the senior Lu scholar Shen Gong to the court. They suggested imitating the ancient system, setting up a bright hall to worship Yong, changing the calendar and changing clothes, and performing rituals such as patrolling hunting and ennobling Zen. They also suggested that in the future, political affairs should not be necessary. Please ask the East Palace for everything." After hearing this, the Empress Dowager was furious and ordered Emperor Wu to order the removal of Zhao Wan and Wang Zang from their official positions. Before her death, Emperor Wu no longer respected Confucian scholars, which shows her influence on politics. Before Liu Heng became emperor, his first wife died of illness, and his four sons also died of illness one after another after Liu Heng came to the throne. In 180 BC, King Liu Heng ascended the throne as Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty. Not long after he took the throne, officials wrote a letter asking for the establishment of a crown prince. At this time, only Liu Qi, the son of the Dou family, was older among the princes, so Liu Qi was established as the prince. In March, a minister asked to establish a queen. Empress Dowager Bo said: "All the princes have the same surname, so I will make the crown prince's mother the queen." The queen's surname was Dou. According to "Historical Records·Xiaowen Chronicle", the second son Liu Wuxian was first named King of Dai, and two years later he was named King of Huaiyang. His daughter Liu was prostituted and was named "Princess Guantao". Because the Dou family was born in poverty, she sympathized with the suffering of the people, and worked frugally with Emperor Wen to reduce the burden on the people. Emperor Wen "twenty-three years after he came to the throne, the palaces, gardens, chariots, horses, uniforms, and royals were all useless." ("Book of Han: Chronicles of Emperor Wen") Later, Dou's brothers Dou Changjun and Dou Guangguo came to Chang'an to recognize their relatives. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was very happy to see the two uncles. He gave them a lot of fields and houses and let them live in Chang'an. Prime Ministers Guan Ying and Zhou Bo thought that the two uncles The uncle came from a humble background and did not study well. They should choose teachers with good moral character to strengthen their education to avoid repeating the mistakes of the Lu family's relatives who made trouble. The Dou brothers "are gentlemen who retreat and dare not boast of their wealth." (Book of Han·Biography of Wife's Wife)) In 177 BC, Dou's color faded with age and his eyesight deteriorated after a serious illness, so he gradually fell out of favor. In this regard, Queen Dou was naturally helpless and could only feel sad secretly. In 169 BC, King Huai of Liang fell from his horse and died. Liu Wu was renamed King of Liang in 168 BC, and was known as King Xiao of Liang in history. In 157 BC (the seventh year after Emperor Wen of Han), Emperor Wen of Han died. Crown Prince Liu Qi ascended the throne as Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty and respected Dou as the Empress Dowager. In the third year of Emperor Jing's reign, the "Seven Kingdoms Rebellion" broke out and was put down after three months. The following year, Liang Wangwu entered the court, and Emperor Jing hosted a banquet. When he was enjoying the drink, Emperor Jing boasted to the Empress Dowager that he would pass the throne to Liu Wu after his death. The Empress Dowager was very happy to hear this. Because she dotes on her youngest son Liu Wu. However, his nephew Dou Ying came forward and remonstrated: "It is passed down from father to son. It is an ancestral system of the Han Dynasty. How can it be like this?" This statement offended the Queen Mother, and within a few days, the Queen Mother Dou ordered Dou Ying to be removed from the list of imperial relatives. Empress Dowager Dou wanted Emperor Jing to appoint Liu Wu as the heir to the throne.However, Emperor Jing only made a blunder after drinking and was not sincere. Otherwise, it would go against the wishes of his mother. When he was in a dilemma, the ministers firmly opposed this matter on the grounds of ancient systems and ancestral precepts. Emperor Jing took the opportunity to make his eldest son Liu Rong the crown prince, but within a year, Liu Rong was unjustly deposed. Empress Dowager Dou took the opportunity to make another suggestion to make Liu Wu his heir. Minister Yuan Ang and others wrote a letter saying that this was inappropriate. Emperor Jing took the opportunity to make Liu Che the crown prince. Empress Dowager Dou's wish was once again frustrated. When King Liu Wu of Liang heard that Yuan Ang and others were obstructing him, he sent assassins to kill Yuan Ang and dozens of ministers. Emperor Jing Long Yan was furious and ordered the real murderer to be arrested. When the incident was revealed, Liu Wu was helpless and the assassin committed suicide. Fortunately, Guan Tao Zhu interceded with the Empress Dowager, and with the intervention of Empress Dowager Dou, the matter was settled. However, from then on Emperor Jing could no longer tolerate Prince Liang. In 144 BC, King Liu Wu of Liang died of illness. After hearing the news, Empress Dowager Dou cried all day long, refused to eat or drink, and often cursed: "The emperor has indeed killed my son!" Emperor Jing was filial, and he was a little confused after hearing this. He didn't know what to do. His sister, Princess Tao, gave Emperor Jing some advice. Emperor Jing asked Emperor Jing to divide the Liang Kingdom into five parts. Liu Wu's five sons were all crowned kings, and all five daughters were given to Tang Muyi. The Queen Mother's sorrow turned into joy. At this time, Empress Dowager Dou was blind. She liked Huang Lao's skills. Emperor Jing and the Dou brothers had to read "Laozi" and respect Huang Lao's skills. "Huanglao" refers to Huangdi and Laozi. Taoism also respects Huanglao as its ancestor, advocating ruling by doing nothing and treating the people leniently. The Dou family has experienced three dynasties: Emperor Wen, Emperor Jing, and Emperor Wu. Historians call the reigns of Emperor Wen and Emperor Jing " The rule of Wenjing". The premise for Empress Dowager Dou to implement the Taoist concept of governing the country is mainly that after the Western Han Dynasty experienced the Baishan Mountain Incident, she found that her current national power was not strong enough to confront or even destroy the Huns in the north. The country had just experienced a war and was in urgent need of recovery. The national economy developed production. Therefore, starting from Cao Shen and going through the reigns of Empress Lu, Wen, and Jing, the central government of the Western Han Dynasty generally implemented Huang Lao's philosophy of governing the country throughout the country, and fully implemented the basic national economic policy of light corvee taxes and reclamation of wasteland. Although the country was disturbed by the rebellion, the country's overall economic situation had irreversibly embarked on a track of sound development. By the time of Emperor Wu, the country's economic strength had been unprecedentedly strong and had the strength to compete with the Huns' regime in the north. However, at this time, Empress Dowager Dou A judgment was made: if a war started at this time, not only would victory be impossible, but the achievements accumulated since Wen Jing might be destroyed. Some ministers were puzzled, and the Queen Mother went on to analyze: Although the national economic strength has greatly increased, the foundation of development results is still shallow and can easily be shaken by large-scale wars. Moreover, the military construction at that time was also slack due to the premise of economic development. The military's The training and selection of generals have been relaxed; moreover, the strength of the Xiongnu has not been weakened at this time, and their army's combat effectiveness is very strong. Moreover, if they attack the Xiongnu from the north, they cannot be wiped out without a strong cavalry force. Moreover, the horse breeding industry in the Western Han Dynasty was relatively weak at that time. The horses were not as good as the Xiongnu's bloody horses, and their durability was not good. More importantly, the Western Han Dynasty had not yet established contact with the Western Regions at that time. Once it sent troops, it would inevitably go deep alone, and the internal intelligence of the Xiongnu was unstable. Comprehensive Due to these factors, although the Han Dynasty was already very powerful, it was still at a stage where it was unable to destroy the Xiongnu. This is also the reason why Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's several requests to send troops were rejected. In 141 BC of the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Jing died, and Prince Liu Che came to the throne. He was known in history as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and Empress Dowager Dou was honored as the Empress Dowager. Queen Mother Dou Yifang died in 135 BC (the sixth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty) when she was about seventy-one years old. The Empress Dowager died and was buried in Ba Mausoleum with Emperor Wen. Name: In the TV series "Emperor of Han Dynasty", Queen Mother Dou is played by Gui Yalei and named Yi. This is the reason why her name is Dou Yi according to folklore, but her name is not recorded in "Historical Records" and "Hanshu". "Historical Records Suoyin" written by Sima Zhen of the Tang Dynasty stated: Huangfu Miyun, the famous Empress Dowager Dou of Yifang, was the last ruler of the Chinese Empire to support the "Huang-Lao Thought". Under her influence, the Western Han Dynasty regime could continue to be dominated by Liu Bang The spirit of "people's livelihood" and "governing by doing nothing" set by the times. Pushed the Han Dynasty to the peak of strength. She planned to pass on Jiaodong Lue to inherit Peigong. She was in the Wenjing period, inheriting the great achievements of the Han emperor and inheriting the glory of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.