1. Hotan jade
Hetian jade is one of the "four famous jade in China" (the third one is Shaanxi Lantian jade, Liaoning Xiu jade and Henan Dushan jade). In the traditional narrow sense, it specifically refers to the jade produced in the Hotan area of ??Xinjiang, represented by Hotan "sub-material", which is world-famous; in the broad sense, Hotan jade refers to nephrite (real jade).
Although Hotan Jade is named after Hotan, Xinjiang, it is not a regional concept. It does not specifically refer to jade produced in Hotan, Xinjiang, but is the name of a type of product. China names stones with more than 98% tremolite content as Hetian jade, which are all within the scope of the national standard.
When Qin Shihuang unified China, Hotan jade was called "Khotan Jade" because it was produced in the Kunlun Mountains. Later, it was called "Khotan Jade" because it was located in the "Khotan Kingdom". It was not until the ninth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1883) when Hotan Zhili Prefecture was established that it was officially named "Hetian Jade".
The famous Hotan jade is the "Queen's Seal", a national treasure of the Western Han Dynasty collected in the Shaanxi History Museum. Its texture is Xinjiang Hotan mutton-fat jade. It is the only jade seal of the Queen of the Han Dynasty so far and one of the first batch. Exhibition of cultural relics abroad is prohibited. The "China Seal", the emblem of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, also uses Xinjiang Hotan jade as its material.
Hetian Jade is a metamorphic rock formed by the contact between magnesia marble and medium-acidic magma rock. It contains multiple mineral aggregates such as tremolite, hornblende, and actinolite. Its chemical composition is water-containing. Calcium magnesium silicate, the chemical formula is Ca2(Mg,Fe2+)5[Si8O22](OH)2, the density is 2.95-3.17, and the Mohs hardness is between 6.0-6.5.
2. Xiuyan Jade
Xiuyan Jade is a specialty product of Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County, Anshan City, Liaoning Province, and a national geographical indication product of China.
Xiuyan jade is one of the four famous jade in Chinese history (the third one is Shaanxi Lantian jade, Xinjiang Hotan jade and Henan Dushan jade). It is named after being produced in Xiuyan, Liaoning. It is the earliest The name of the jade comes from "Erya" of the Western Han Dynasty: "The beauties of the East are those who have medical treatment but no care."
Xiuyan jade can be broadly divided into two categories. One is old jade. The seed material in old jade is called Hemo jade, which belongs to tremolite jade. Its texture is simple, dignified, and its color is light yellow. White is a kind of precious uncut jade; the other type is Xiuyan jasper, which has a solid and warm texture, delicate and rounded texture, mostly green to lake green, among which the dark green, transparent and few flaws are the treasures. ?
On December 31, 2005, the former General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine approved the implementation of geographical indication product protection for "Xiuyan Jade".
3. Lantian Jade
One of the four famous jade in China (the three are: Hetian jade (soft jade), Xiu jade and Dushan jade, known as "Lantian jade" It is one of the earliest types of jade developed and utilized in China. As early as the Stone Age thousands of years ago, Lantian jade was mined and utilized by ancestors. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin and Han Dynasties, Lantian Jade carvings began to become popular among the aristocracy and the upper class, reaching a peak in the Tang Dynasty.
The famous imperial seal of Qin Shihuang was made of Lantian water jade. Since then, the jade seal has been used as a symbol of imperial power and has been circulated in China's monarchical society for more than a thousand years.
" The name "Lantian Jade" is derived from the fact that it is produced in Lantian Mountain in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province.
The modernly mined Lantian Jade deposit is located in the Hongmensi Village area of ??Yuchuan Town, Lantian County, and the ore-bearing rock formations are Archaean. Biotite schist, hornblende gneiss, etc. Jade is fine-grained marble, mainly composed of calcite.
On February 3, 2004, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine approved the implementation of geographical indications for "Lantian Jade". Product protection.
4. Dushan Jade
Dushan Jade is one of the four famous jade in China. It is known as Nanyang Jade and is an important jade carving material. It is produced in Dushan in Nanyang, Henan, also known as "Nanyang Jade" or "Henan Jade" or "Duyu"
Dushan is the closest provincial forest park, national mine park and national mine park to Nanyang, a famous historical and cultural city in China. A tourist attraction that produces Dushan Jade
Baidu Encyclopedia-Dushan Jade
Baidu Encyclopedia-Lantian Jade
Baidu Encyclopedia-Xiuyan Jade
Baidu Encyclopedia-Hetian Jade