"Book of Rites·Quli" says: "A man's twenty-year haircut is the first word" and "A woman's fifteenth hairpin is the first name", which means that regardless of male or female, only when they reach adulthood are they given the first name. The purpose is to make people respect him and for others to call him. Most people, especially peers and subordinates, are only allowed to address their elders by their names and not by their first names. For example, Qu Yuan's name is Ping, his courtesy name is Yuan, and Guangping is Yuan. Confucius's students Zaiyu, also known as Ziwo, Ji Lu, Ziyou, Yan Hui, Ziyuan, Zhuge Liang, Kongming, Tao Yuanming, Yuanliang, Zhou Yu, Gongjin, Zhugejin, Ziyu, and Wen Tianxiang, Jingrui, all belong to this category. . Jin Dynasty official Zhao Shuai (meaning to decrease) was named Ziyu (meaning to increase). Zeng Dian (Xiao Hei) has clear characters and white color. Wang Ji of the Tang Dynasty had the courtesy name Wugong, Zhu Xi (Huoliang) had the courtesy name Yuanhui, Zhao Mengfu of the Yuan Dynasty had the courtesy name Ziang, and Yan Shu had the courtesy name Tongshu. Zhao Yun's courtesy name was Zilong (Yun Conglong); Chao Buzhi's courtesy name was Wujiu; Su Shi's courtesy name was Zizhan ("Zuo Zhuan Xi 28th Year": "Jun Feng Shi came to observe it"); Yue Fei's courtesy name was Pengju. Most of today's people have a "name" but no "character", so when we talk about "name", we usually only refer to the person's first name or given name. However, in ancient times, most people, especially officials and intellectuals, had both a "name" and a "character", and some people had a "number" in addition to their name and character. The so-called "name" is a special name for an individual in society, that is, a symbol used by an individual in society. "Zi" is often the explanation and supplement of the name, and is the opposite of the "name", so it is also called "table character". "Book of Rites Tan Gong Shang" says: "Young name, crown character." "Shu" says: "You start adding names in the third month of your life, so it is said that you have a young name. At the age of twenty, you have the way to be a father. Friends and other categories cannot be repeated. When you call someone by his name, you add a name to him. "Also, "Yi Li·Shi Guan Li" says: "When you call someone by name, you give him a name, and others call him by name." It can be seen from this that the name is the name. Started in childhood, for the elders to call upon. When a man reaches adulthood at the age of twenty, he must hold a crowning ceremony, which marks that he will become an official and enter society. When a woman grows up, she has to leave her mother's home and be married. Those who are not married are called "Wei Zi" or "Wai Zi". When a person is married at the age of fifteen, a hairpin ceremony is held, and characters are also chosen for friends to call: In ancient times, the early names of people were generally very simple, such as the names of Kongjia, Lugui, Waibing, and Yong left by the Xia and Shang dynasties. Ji, Pan Geng, Wu Ding, Xiao Xin, etc. are all named after people with stems and branches, which may be related to the people's concept of attaching importance to time at that time. Later, with the advancement of society, the development of language and writing, and the strengthening of consciousness and concepts, people's names became more and more complex, and naming people became a science. When choosing a name, the connotation it contains must be carefully considered and considered repeatedly. "Zuo Zhuan: The Sixth Year of Duke Huan" records the five principles of naming in the Spring and Autumn Period: "There are five names: trust, righteousness, image, falsehood, and type." This is the answer to Duke Huan's question by Shen Ru, a senior official in the state of Lu. The name was mentioned at the time, which means: either based on the characteristics of the person's birth, or from several aspects such as admiring auspiciousness, supporting objects to symbolize aspirations, praising virtues, and reposing the expectations of the parents. He also put forward seven no’s: “Not based on country, not based on officials, not based on mountains and rivers, not based on hidden diseases, not based on animals, not based on utensils and coins”. The ancients were very particular about how to choose the characters, and the situation was very complicated. However, after careful inspection, analysis, and research, there are rules to be found. For example, it is common to choose the names according to the order of eldest and youngest among the brothers. For example, Confucius was the second eldest, so he was named Zhongni. He also had an elder brother who was named Meng Lai. The most typical one is Brother Sun from Soochow during the Three Kingdoms period. Sun Ce gave his eldest son the courtesy name Bo Fu; Sun Quan gave his second son the courtesy name Zhongmou; Sun Yi, the third oldest son, took the courtesy name Shubi; Sun Kuang ranked fourth and took the courtesy name Ji Zuo.
There are also many cases where the word "子" is used in the word "子", because "子" was a good name or honorific for men in ancient times. So people like to use it, such as Kong Zhuang, whose courtesy name is Zisi; Zhong Yuan, whose courtesy name is Zi Lu; Sima Qian, whose courtesy name is Zichang; Cao Zhi, whose courtesy name is Zijian; Su Shi, whose courtesy name is Zizhan; Du Fu, whose courtesy name is Zimei; Yuan Mei, whose courtesy name is Zicai.
Although these expressions are common, they have little connection with the real name. In fact, Bo, Zhong, Shu, Ji Hezi are not the real expressions, and the characters behind them are such as "ce" and "quan". ", "thinking", "long", "beautiful", etc. are the main components of the Chinese characters. This main component is related to the meaning of the real name, and they are introduced below:
Qu Ping, whose courtesy name is Yuan. Guangping said Yuan, meaning the same.
Yan Hui, courtesy name Ziyuan. Yuan, backwater, has the same meaning.
Jaiyu, courtesy name Ziwo. Yu, I also, have the same meaning.
Fan Xu, courtesy name Zichi. Xu and Chi both mean "to wait".
Zhang Heng, courtesy name Pingzi. Balance and balance have the same meaning.
Lu You, view of calligraphy. You and Guan have the same meaning.
Zeng Gong, courtesy name Zigu. Consolidation and solidification have the same meaning.
Ban Gu, also named Meng Jian. Strong and solid have the same meaning.
Meng Ke, courtesy name Ziyu. Ke and Yu are both chariots.
Liang Hong, courtesy name Boluan. Luan and phoenix are both birds, but they are not the same species. Hongyan and phoenix can help each other.
Lu Ji, courtesy name Shiheng. Ji and Heng are both star names in Beidou, and they assist each other.
Zheng Qiao, whose courtesy name is Yuzhong. The woodcutter is a firewood collector, and the fisherman is a fisherman. They are often partners and help each other.
Li Yu, courtesy name Li Weng. Fishermen often wear coir raincoats.
Chen Lin, courtesy name Kong Zhang. Lin and Zhang are both jade products and help each other.
Zeng Dian, named Xi. The spots are black and the skin is white.
Zhu Xi, whose character is obscure. Xi is the dawn, Hui is the night.
Liu Guo, the name was changed. It's not a fault if you change it.
Wang Ji, named Wugong. Achievements and reactive efforts are exactly the opposite.
Xu Qian has a long and handsome character. "Kong Congzi" said: "It is not that the body is great." The name and the character have the same meaning in one sentence, and the character provides a supplementary explanation to the name.
Cao Cao, courtesy name Mengde. "Xunzi Encouraging Learning" says: "Life depends on what is, and death depends on what is. This is called morality." In one sentence, the word and name combine to form morality, that is, moral conduct, and the word modifies the name. Explanations and additions.
Zhao Yun, courtesy name Zilong. "Book of Changes" says: "The clouds follow the dragon, the wind follows the tiger." The names and characters in one sentence have the same meaning.
Lu Yu, courtesy name Hongjian. "Book of Changes" states: "Hongjian can be used as a ritual in Lu Qiyu." This word explains the name.
Be wise and sincere in your words. "Book of Rites" says: "Sincerity means understanding." The name and the word are in one sentence, sincerity is the prerequisite for understanding, and understanding is the consequence of sincerity.
Yu Qian, also known as Tingyi. "Shangshu" says: "Modernness benefits." The name and the word are in one sentence, modesty is the prerequisite, and benefit is the consequence of modesty.
Li Bai, also known as Taibai. Taibai refers to Taibai Venus, which is an extension of Taiyi.
Du Mu, also known as Muzhi. Muzhi means grazing, which extends the meaning of animal husbandry.
Yang Da, also known as Shida. Shi Da means Shi Jin, which further extends the meaning of Da.
Qiu Xi, courtesy name Yongxi. Yongxi is the provincial suffix of "Yongxi is hard to grow old". It comes from "The Book of Songs·Song of Lu" and extends the meaning of tin.
Lei Jianfu’s character is too simple. It also extends the emphasis on simplicity.
Kongfu Jia, the ancestor of Confucius in the Song Dynasty, "Kongfu" is the given name; "Jia" is the given name; and the surname is "Gongsun".
Shu Liang He (he), the father of Confucius, "He" is the given name; "Shu Liang" is the character; and the surname is "Kong".
Meng Mingshi, Baili Xi's son, "Shi" is his given name; "Meng Ming" is his given name; and his surname is "Baili".
Xiqishu, the son of Uncle Jian, "Shu" is the given name; "Xiqi" is the character; and the surname is "Jian".
Bai Yi Bing is the son of Uncle Jian. "Bing" is his given name; "Bai Yi" is his given name; his surname is "Jian".
Li Bai called himself "Qinglian layman"; Bai Juyi called himself "Xiangshan layman"; Su Shi called himself "Dongpo layman"; Fan Chengda called himself "Shihu layman"; Li Qingzhao called himself "Yi'an layman".
In the Yuan Dynasty, Taoism was advocated, and many literati took the title of "Taoist". For example, Feng Zizhen was nicknamed "Taoist Weiwei"; Qiao Ji was nicknamed "Taoist Xingxing"; Ren Renfa was nicknamed "Taoist Mingshan"; Wu Zhen was nicknamed "Taoist Meihua"; Zhao Mengfu was nicknamed "Taoist Cedar".
Tan Si was also nicknamed "Taoist Mingshan". "Beifei"; Huang Shao was nicknamed "the direct descendant of the Yellow Emperor"; Chen Tianhua was nicknamed "Sihuang"; Qiu Jin was nicknamed "Jingxiong", etc.
Zheng Sixiao, who lived in seclusion in Suzhou after the death of the Song Dynasty, named himself "Suo" "South" to show that he did not forget the Song Dynasty; the poet Xin Qiji attached great importance to agriculture. When he was an official, he advocated farming and rewarded farming. In his later years, he retired to the countryside. He "learned farming from old farmers" and called himself "Jiaxuan"; patriotic; The poet Lu You was concerned about the world and cynical. He was ridiculed by the powerful for not observing etiquette and law, so he called himself "Fang Weng" to express his contempt for them; Ouyang Xiu called himself "Liuyi layman" in his later years. Thousands of scrolls of gold and stone inscriptions, a piano, a game of chess, a jug of wine, and an old man himself to take the title, express the typical literati sentiment; Tang Bohu, a romantic and talented man in the Ming Dynasty, called himself "Liu Ru Jushi". "Six Rus", according to his own words, life is like an illusion, like a dream, like a bubble, like a shadow, like dew, like lightning. It is exactly the expression of the negative emotions of frustrated literati; the poet Yang Wanli of the Southern Song Dynasty was nicknamed "Chengzhai" because he was a famous general who fought against the Jin Dynasty. Zhang Jun once encouraged him with "righteousness and sincerity", and Emperor Guangzong personally wrote the word "Chengzhai" to him. This "Chengzhai" not only showed his "righteousness and sincerity" in his studies, but also included his love for him. The country’s “sincerity”.
Zhu Da, a painter in the late Ming Dynasty, was nicknamed "Bada Shanren" when the Ming Dynasty fell. The two characters "Bada" are written in succession, which seems to be crying but not crying, and seems to be smiling but not smiling. It expresses the sadness and indignation of missing the motherland. Fu Shan, a famous scholar in Taiyuan in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, called himself "Taoist Zhu Yi". After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, he wore red clothes and lived in a cave. The Qing government invited him to Beijing several times to take the Bo Xue Hong Ci examination, but he refused every time and refused to cooperate with the Manchus. "Zhuyi" looks red on the surface, but it is actually a symbol of the Ming Dynasty, because the emperor of the Ming Dynasty was named Zhu, and red means Ming, which embodies deep feelings for the Ming Dynasty. Dai Fuxu, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, called himself "Shipingshan native", which also embodies a kind of spirit. It can be seen from the poems he wrote. The poem "Ganyu" says: "People will build a golden dock, and I will use stone as a screen." "Stone" is as hard as "gold"; although "stone" is not as expensive as "gold", it is simple, clumsy and magnificent. Feng, this is exactly the portrayal of the author's personality and spirit. Zhang Yong, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, nicknamed himself "Guaiyazi". In his own words: "Being good will go against the public, and cliffs are not good for things. The name Guaiya is a symbol of virtue." It can be seen that the name "Guaiyazi" embodies His character, ambition, and conduct.
The ancients often used some specific nouns when giving nicknames. Those who call "Mr." such as "Mr. Wuliu" (Tao Yuanming), "Mr. Fuli" (Lu Guimeng), "Mr. Donglai" (Lu Zuqian), "Mr. Longchuan" (Chen Liang), "Mr. Langu" ( Bai Pu); those called "Gong", such as "Shi Gong" (Yuan Hongdao), "Mei Gong" (Lu Jipu), "Ren Gong" (Liang Qichao), "Jian Gong' (Gao Xu); those called "Zi" , such as "Youyouzi" (Lu Zhaolin), "Zhi Feizi" (Sikong Tu), "Gui Laizi" (Chao Buzhi), "Lu Feizi" (Huang Jingren); "old man", such as "Shaoling" "Ye Lao" (Du Fu), "Old Quan" (Su Xun), "Old Man Qianyan" (Xiao Dezao), "Old Man Huanghua" (Wang Tingyun), "Old Man Xiyan" (Zhang Zhihan), "Old Man Suiyuan" (Yuan Mei) , "Yingbin Yi Lao" (Su Che), "Hunan Yi Lao" (Wang Ruoxu); "Weng", such as "Sangxuan Weng" (Lu Yu), "Drunkard Old Man" (Ouyang Xiu), "Fu Weng" (Huang Tingjian) ), "Fang Weng" (Lu You), "Li Weng" (Li Yu); those called "Sou", such as: "Zhengzhai Sou" (Guan Hanqing), "Qingchi Sou" (Lu Cai), "蝯 Sou" ( He Shaoji), "Mengsou" (Qian Qianyi); those called "foreign history", such as: "Haiyue foreign history" (Mi Fu), "Kuiji foreign history" (Wang Mian), "Qiu Ta foreign history" (Liang Chenyu) ; "(Luo Guanzhong), "Gu Qu Sanren" (Feng Menglong), "Qingdu Sanren" (Zhao Nanxing); those who are called "Yuhe Qiao", such as: "Yidong Fisherman" (Kang Hai), "Oudang Fisherman" "(Yan Shengsun), "Hubei Peach Blossom Fishing" (Gao Lian), "Yandang Mountain Woodcutter" (Chen Chenhu), "Baizi Mountain Woodcutter" (Ruan Dacheng), "Tianmu Mountain Woodcutter" (Zhang Wenhu).
The vivid nicknames of the one hundred and eight generals in "Shui Lin Zhuan" have left a very deep and unforgettable impression on readers: Black Whirlwind Li Kui, Leopard Head Lin Chong, Green-faced Beast Yang Zhi, Flower Monk Lu Zhishen, Thunderbolt Fire Qin Ming, Winged Tiger Lei. Nicknames such as Heng, Desperate Saburo Shixiu, and Langli Baitiao Zhang Shun vividly and accurately describe the characters' personalities, specialties, or physical characteristics.
Many "nicknames" and "nicknames" are in real life. It comes from when people are joking with each other, so it often contains derogatory meanings of irony and ridicule. For example, in the Spring and Autumn Period, people in the Qin State called Baili Xi the "Five-Xi Doctor" because after he fell to the Chu State, he was used by Qin Mu Gong. He redeemed the skin of a black ram and became a doctor in the Qin Dynasty; during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, Li Yifu was known as the "Laughing Sword", also known as the "Human Cat" because he was soft on the outside and treacherous on the inside; in the Song Dynasty, people gave him the title of King. Gui's nickname is "Prime Minister of Three Edicts" because he did nothing else during his more than ten years as prime minister except taking, receiving, and delivering edicts.
In the countryside, he was given the nickname. The customs are more popular, such as "Big Donkey", "Er Crock", "Three Yellow Cai", "Four Pigeons", "Bagouzi", "Red Dates", "Tao Nuzi" and "Big Yali". , "jacketed walnut", "five hemp seeds", "dry food", "erhu apricot", "three sticks", "Xianjia", "white bald", "yellow hair", "duck board", "reliable" Nicknames like "Shang" are very common. Of course, there are more tacky ones than this, so I won’t mention them here.
There are also some nicknames that do not contain derogatory connotations. For example, in the Song Dynasty, people called Song Qi the "Red Apricot Shangshu" because he wrote the poem "The Spring Blossoms on the Red Apricot Branches"; the Tang Dynasty poet Wen Tingyun He was quick in writing and his eight-pointed rhyme formed an eight-pointed rhyme, so people called him "Wen Eight-pointed"; the great poet Li Bai was posthumously talented and his writing was perfect, so people called him "Li Banxian". This is also the case in modern times. The poet Li Ji nicknamed Bing Xin "Taijun She", reflecting the lofty prestige of this grandmother in the literary world. This "nickname" is elegant but not vulgar.
Du Gongbu, Du Shiyi (Du Fu), Wang Youcheng (Wang Wei)
Cai Zhonglang (Cai Yong) Sanlu Doctor (Qu Yuan)
Jia Taifu ( Jia Yi) Zhang Yangong (Zhang Yue)
Gao Changshi (Gao Shi) Zhang Cibu (Zhang Ji)
Qian Kaogong (Qian Qi) Zhang Siye (Zhang Ji)
< p>Du Shaoling (Du Fu) Han Changli (Han Yu)Liu Hedong (Liu Zongyuan) Kong Beihai (Kong Rong)
Cen Jiazhou (Cen Shen) Bai Xiangshan (Bai Juyi)
< p>Wang Jiangning (Wang Changling) Jia Changjiang (Jia Dao)Wei Suzhou (Wei Yingwu) Liu Suizhou (Liu Changqing)
Qin Qi: Qin Shaoyou
Huang Ba : Huang Tingjian
Liu Ba: Liu Zongyuan
Yuan Jiu: Yuan Zhen
Cui Jiu: Cui Xingzong
Li Shiyi: Li Gouzhi
Zhang Twelve: Zhang Jia
Li Twelve: Li Bai
Han Shiba: Han Yu
Li Twelve: Li Shen
Bai Twenty-two: Bai Juyi
Liu · 17: A native of the Qing Dynasty, the author of "The Poetry of Traveling to Foreign Countries" and "Miscellaneous Odes of Taiyang".
July 11: Jinshi during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, author of "Records of Hearings and Seeings of the Western Regions".
8.16: General named during the Qianlong period.
Nine and tenth: During the Jiaqing period, he became the admiral of Guangxi.
In the Tang Dynasty, those numerical names represented the ranking between brothers with the same grandparents or the same great-grandparents.
There is no detailed record of the origin of the trend of trumpeting in the literature. It probably started in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Such nicknames as "Laodan" and "Guiguzi" can be regarded as the earliest nicknames in China. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming called himself "Mr. Wuliu". In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, more people gave themselves nicknames. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, it became a common trend. In the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it reached its peak. Not only did everyone have a nickname, but one person could have many nicknames. . For example, the Ming Dynasty painter Chen Hongxu had four nicknames: "Lao Lian", "Lao Chi", "Hui Chi", and "Yunmen Monk". Until modern times, the trend of using nicknames has not declined, such as Su Xuanying's nickname "Manshu"; Qi Huang's nickname "Baishi"; and He Xiangning's nickname "Shuangqing Louzhu". Since modern times, literati's nicknames have gradually been replaced by pen names.
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Buddhism was popular in China and had a profound influence on the middle- and upper-class intellectuals, so many people took the title of "lay Buddhist". Li Bai was called "Qinglian layman"; Bai Juyi called himself "Xiangshan layman"; Su Shi was called "Dongpo layman"; Fan Chengda was called "Shihu layman"; Li Qingzhao was called "Yi'an layman".
In the Yuan Dynasty, Taoism was advocated, and many literati took the title "Taoist". For example, Feng Zizhen was nicknamed "Weird Taoist"; Qiao Ji was nicknamed "Xingxing Taoist"; Ren Renfa was nicknamed "Mingshan Taoist"; Wu Zhen was nicknamed "Plum Blossom Taoist"; Zhao Mengfu was nicknamed "Taoist Xuesong".
After the Opium War, imperialist aggression and the Qing government’s corruption and incompetence caused national suffering and national crisis. Opposing aggression and being patriotic and striving for strength became the main theme at that time, so many people named themselves according to this tune. For example, Tan Sitong was nicknamed "Beifei"; Huang Shaobei was nicknamed "Descendant of the Yellow Emperor"; Chen Tianhua was nicknamed "Si Huang"; Qiu Jin was nicknamed "Jingxiong", etc.
Zheng Sixiao, a native of the Song Dynasty, lived in seclusion in Suzhou after the death of the Song Dynasty. He named himself "Suonan" to show that he did not forget the Song Dynasty; He retired to the countryside and "learned farming from the old farmers" and named himself "Jia Xuan"; the patriotic poet Lu You was cynical and was ridiculed by the powerful for not observing etiquette and law, so he named himself "Fang Weng" to express his hatred for them. In his later years, Ouyang Xiu called himself "Sixty-One Lay Scholar". He chose the title with 10,000 volumes of books, 1,000 volumes of inscriptions, a piano, a game of chess, a jug of wine, and himself, an old man. Tang Bohu, a romantic talent in the Ming Dynasty, called himself "Liu Ru layman". "Six Such", according to his own words, life is like an illusion, like a dream, like a bubble, like a shadow, like dew, and like electricity.
It happened to be an expression of the negative emotions of frustrated literati; the poet Yang Wanli of the Southern Song Dynasty was nicknamed "Chengzhai" because Zhang Jun, the famous anti-gold general, once encouraged him with "righteousness and sincerity", and Emperor Guangzong personally wrote the word "Chengzhai" to him. Such "sincerity" not only shows his "sincerity" in study, but also includes his "sincerity" to the country.
Zhu Da, a painter in the late Ming Dynasty, was nicknamed "Bada Shanren" when the Ming Dynasty fell. The two characters "Bada" are written in succession, which seems to be crying but not crying, and seems to be smiling but not smiling. It expresses the sadness and indignation of missing the motherland. Fu Shan, a famous scholar in Taiyuan in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, called himself "Taoist Zhu Yi". After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, he wore red clothes and lived in a cave. The Qing government invited him to Beijing several times to take the Bo Xue Hong Ci examination, but he refused every time and refused to cooperate with the Manchus. "Zhuyi" looks red on the surface, but it is actually a symbol of the Ming Dynasty, because the emperor of the Ming Dynasty was named Zhu, and red means Ming, which embodies deep feelings for the Ming Dynasty. Dai Fuxu, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, called himself "Shipingshan native", which also embodies a kind of spirit. It can be seen from the poems he wrote. The poem "Ganyu" says: "People will build a golden dock, and I will use stone as a screen." "Stone" is as hard as "gold"; although "stone" is not as expensive as "gold", it is simple, clumsy and magnificent. Feng, this is exactly the portrayal of the author's personality and spirit. Zhang Yong, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, nicknamed himself "Guaiyazi". In his own words: "Being good will go against the public, and cliffs are not good for things. The name Guaiya is a symbol of virtue." It can be seen that the name "Guaiyazi" embodies His character, ambition, and integrity. Ding, the use of specific nouns
The ancients often used some specific nouns when giving nicknames. Those who call "Mr." such as "Mr. Wuliu" (Tao Yuanming), "Mr. Fuli" (Lu Guimeng), "Mr. Donglai" (Lu Zuqian), "Mr. Longchuan" (Chen Liang), "Mr. Langu" ( Bai Pu); those called "Gong", such as "Shi Gong" (Yuan Hongdao), "Mei Gong" (Lu Jipu), "Ren Gong" (Liang Qichao), "Jian Gong' (Gao Xu); those called "Zi" , such as "Youyouzi" (Lu Zhaolin), "Zhi Feizi" (Sikong Tu), "Gui Laizi" (Chao Buzhi), "Lu Feizi" (Huang Jingren); "old man", such as "Shaoling" "Ye Lao" (Du Fu), "Old Quan" (Su Xun), "Old Man Qianyan" (Xiao Dezao), "Old Man Huanghua" (Wang Tingyun), "Old Man Xiyan" (Zhang Zhihan), "Old Man Suiyuan" (Yuan Mei) , "Yingbin Yi Lao" (Su Che), "Hunan Yi Lao" (Wang Ruoxu); "Weng", such as "Sangxuan Weng" (Lu Yu), "Drunkard Old Man" (Ouyang Xiu), "Fu Weng" (Huang Tingjian) ), "Fang Weng" (Lu You), "Li Weng" (Li Yu); those called "Sou", such as: "Zhengzhai Sou" (Guan Hanqing), "Qing Chi Sou" (Lu Cai), "睯 Sou" ( He Shaoji), "Mengsou" (Qian Qianyi); "foreign history", such as: "Haiyue foreign history" (Mi Fu), "Kuiji foreign history" (Wang Mian), "Qiu Ta foreign history" (Liang Chenyu) ; "(Luo Guanzhong), "Gu Qu Sanren" (Feng Menglong), "Qingdu Sanren" (Zhao Nanxing); those who are called "Yuhe Qiao", such as: "Yidong Fisherman" (Kang Hai), "Oudang Fisherman" "(Yan Shengsun), "Hubei Peach Blossom Fishing" (Gao Lian), "Yandang Mountain Woodcutter" (Chen Chenhu), "Baizi Mountain Woodcutter" (Ruan Dacheng), "Tianmu Mountain Woodcutter" (Zhang Wenhu).
This kind of "nickname" is called "nickname", "nickname" or "mixed number" or "mixed number". It has a strong symbolic meaning, which can not only enhance people's memory of various characters, but also serve as a reference for names, characters, names, etc. A supplement to the nickname, and often a reflection or reflection of the character's appearance and character. The vivid nicknames of the 180 characters in "Water Margin" left a very deep and unforgettable impression on readers. Nicknames such as Lin Chong, Green-faced Beast Yang Zhi, Flower Monk Lu Zhishen, Thunderbolt Fire Qin Ming, Winged Tiger Lei Heng, Desperate Saburo Shi Xiu, Langli Baitiao Zhang Shun, etc. vividly and accurately describe the characters' personalities, specialties or physical characteristics.
Many "nicknames" and "nicknames" are given when joking with each other in real life, so they often contain derogatory meanings of irony and ridicule. For example, in the Spring and Autumn Period, people in the Qin State called Baili Xi "Five". "Doctor He", this is because after he fell to the Chu State, he was redeemed by Qin Mugong with five pieces of He (black ram) skins and became a doctor in the Qin State; during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, Li Yifu was known as the "Smiling Sword", also known as "The Man" "Cat". This is because when he was prime minister, he acted soft on the outside and treacherous on the inside. In the Song Dynasty, people gave Wang Gui the nickname "Prime Minister of Three Edicts" because he served as prime minister for more than ten years in addition to taking, receiving, and delivering edicts. , do nothing else.
In rural areas, the trend of giving nicknames is even more popular, such as "big donkey", "two crocks", "three yellow vegetables", "four pigeons", "eight dogs", "red dates" ", "Tao Nuzi". "Big Yali", "Jinpi Walnut", "Five Hemp Seeds", "Dry Food", "Erhu Apricot", "Sanbangcao", "Xianjia", "Baitu", "Huangmao", "Duck Board" "", "Unreliable" and other nicknames are very common. Of course, there are more tacky ones than this, so I won’t mention them here.
There are also some nicknames that do not contain derogatory connotations. For example, in the Song Dynasty, people called Song Qi the "Red Apricot Shangshu" because he wrote the poem "The Spring Blossoms on the Red Apricot Branches"; the Tang Dynasty poet Wen Tingyun He was quick in writing and his eight-pointed rhyme formed an eight-pointed rhyme, so people called him "Wen Eight-pointed"; the great poet Li Bai was posthumously talented and his writing was perfect, so people called him "Li Banxian". This is also the case in modern times. The poet Li Ji nicknamed Bing Xin "Taijun She", reflecting the lofty prestige of this grandmother in the literary world. This "nickname" is elegant but not vulgar.
Du Gongbu, Du Shiyi (Du Fu), Wang Youcheng (Wang Wei)
Cai Zhonglang (Cai Yong) Sanlu Doctor (Qu Yuan)
Jia Taifu ( Jia Yi) Zhang Yangong (Zhang Yue)
Gao Changshi (Gao Shi) Zhang Cibu (Zhang Ji)
Qian Kaogong (Qian Qi) Zhang Siye (Zhang Ji)
< p>For example, it is called "Diwang":Du Shaoling (Du Fu) Han Changli (Han Yu)
Liu Hedong (Liu Zongyuan) Kong Beihai (Kong Rong)
Cen Jiazhou (Cen Can) Bai Xiangshan (Bai Juyi)
Wang Jiangning (Wang Changling) Jia Changjiang (Jia Dao)
Wei Suzhou (Wei Yingwu) Liu Suizhou (Liu Changqing)