It belongs to biological treatment technology and is the main way to utilize corn stalk feed. The technology is to chop, collect or manually harvest the corn stalks at wax maturity with a silage harvester at one time, then chop the green corn stalks to a length of 1-2 cm, so that their water content is 67%-75%, and store them in pits, tanks, towers, ponds and plastic bags for compact and sealed storage, so as to artificially create an anaerobic environment and naturally use lactic acid bacteria for anaerobic fermentation to produce most lactic acid. Lactic acid bacteria, due to the continuous accumulation of lactic acid, are finally controlled by their own lactic acid and stop growing, thus maintaining the nutrition of green straw and making silage slightly fruity, which livestock prefer to eat. ?
2. Micro-storage processing technology of corn stalk;
This is also a biological treatment method. Corn stalks should be cut into 5-8cm for cattle, 3-5 cm for sheep and crushed for pigs, which is convenient for compaction, improves the utilization rate of micro-storage pits and ensures the storage quality. The container can be a cement cellar or earth cellar similar to silage or ammoniation, with a layer of plastic film at the bottom and around, and can be made into cylinders, plastic bags, vats, etc. in small batches. The moisture content of straw is controlled at 60%-70%, and microbial active strains are added, so that corn straw becomes a feed with sour, fragrant and alcohol flavor after fermentation. Micro-storage is a method of degrading cellulose and hemicellulose in corn stalk by microorganisms and transforming them into bacterial protein, which is also the trend of crude fiber utilization in the future. ?
3. Processing technology of corn stalk yellow storage;
This is a method to treat dry corn stalks by microorganisms. Crush corn stalks to 2 ~ 4 cm, put them into a jar, add a proper amount of warm water and soak them for 2 days. Livestock don't like to eat dry straw, so the utilization rate is not high. After yellow storage, it is sour, sweet, crisp and soft, and livestock like to eat it, and the utilization rate can be increased to 80%-95%. ?
4, corn stalk ammoniation treatment technology:
Ammonification is the most practical chemical treatment method. First, cut the straw into 2 ~ 3 cm long, and adjust the water content of the straw to about 30%. According to 100kg of straw, 5-6 kg of urea or 10- 15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 25-30 kg of water are dissolved and stirred evenly to make urea or ammonium carbonate aqueous solution, or according to 100kg of roughage. Layered compaction, spraying ammoniating agent layer by layer, finally sealing, ammoniating at 25℃-30℃ for 7 days, then unsealing to volatilize ammonia gas and make up the material. Ammoniated straw feed is usually prepared by stacking method and ammoniation furnace method. Ammoniated corn stalk can improve the digestibility of crude fiber, increase crude protein, and contain a lot of amine salts, which is a good source of nutrition for gastric microorganisms in cattle, sheep and ruminants. Ammonia itself is an alkalizing agent, which can improve the utilization rate of crude fiber and increase nitrogen. Feeding cattle and sheep with ammoniated corn stalks can not only reduce the consumption of concentrated feed, but also accelerate the weight gain of cattle and sheep. ?
5, corn stalk alkali treatment technology:
This is also a chemical treatment method. Alkalization treatment of corn stalk with alkaline compounds can open the ester bonds which are unstable to alkali in its cell molecules, make the fiber expand, which is beneficial to the penetration of gastric juice of livestock and improve the digestibility and intake of feed for livestock. Alkalization treatment mainly includes sodium hydroxide treatment, liquid nitrogen treatment, urea treatment and lime treatment. Taking lime treatment with wide sources and low price as an example, 100kg water is added with 1kg quicklime, and after clarification, the supernatant is taken, which is evenly stirred in a cylinder according to the liquid-material ratio of 1: 3 and then slightly compacted. The temperature is high in summer, and it usually takes only 30 hours to feed, and it usually takes 80 hours in winter. At present, compound chemical treatment has been developed, which combines the advantages of alkalization and ammoniation.
6, corn stalk acid storage processing technology:
Acid storage is also a chemical treatment method. Spraying some acidic substances on the stored materials, or adding a proper amount of phosphoric acid to the green feed and then adding a little mirabilite for storage, can increase the sulfur-containing compounds in the feed, help to increase the vitality of lactic acid bacteria, improve the nutrition of the feed and resist the invasion of miscellaneous bacteria. This method is simple, can effectively resist "secondary fermentation" and is easier to obtain materials. This method is suitable for yellow storage, which can soften dry straw properly, increase taste and improve digestibility. ?
7, corn stalk briquetting processing technology:
Straw is pressed into high-density cake by feed briquetting machine, and the compression amount can reach 1: 15- 1: 5, which can greatly reduce the transportation and storage space. If used with drying equipment, fresh corn stalks can be squeezed to keep their nutritional components unchanged and prevent mildew. At present, some corn stalks are compressed after adding transforming agent, and the stalks are ammoniated, alkalized and ripened by using the temperature and pressure generated in the compression process to improve their crude protein content and digestibility. The cross section of the processed corn stalks is 30% 26 # 215. 30mm, length 20 ~ 100 mm, density 0.6 ~ 0.8 kg/cm3, convenient for transportation and storage, suitable for company plus farmer mode, and low production cost. ?
8. Processing technology of corn straw grass powder:?
Corn stalks are crushed into grass powder, which is fed to cattle and sheep after fermentation, replacing green hay as feed, adjusting the surplus and deficiency in light and peak seasons, and the feeding effect is good. All moldy corn stalks with moisture content not exceeding 15% can be used as crushing raw materials. When they are made, they should be crushed with a hammer mill. Grass powder should not be too fine, generally, it is 10 ~ 20 mm long and 1-3 mm wide, and it is not easy to ruminate if it is too fine. The crushed corn straw grass powder and leguminous grass powder were mixed according to the ratio of 3∶ 1, and the whole fermentation time was 1- 1.5 days. 0.5- 1 kg of bone meal, 25-30 kg of corn flour, wheat bran, etc. are added per 100kg of fermented grass powder. Has been added. ?
9, corn stalk expansion processing technology:
This is a physical and biochemical composite treatment method. The mechanism is that the corn stalks are sent to the extruder in the form of screw extrusion, and the screw screw pushes the materials to form an axial flow. At the same time, due to the mechanical friction between the screw and the material, the material and the barrel, and the inside of the material, the material is strongly squeezed, stirred and sheared, which makes the material refined and homogenized. With the increase of pressure, the temperature increases accordingly. Under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure and high shear force, the physical properties of substances change from powder to paste. At the moment when the paste material is ejected from the die hole, under the strong pressure difference, the material expands, dehydrates and cools, forming a loose, porous and crisp puffed product, which is loved by livestock for its good palatability and flavor. From the biochemical process, the highest temperature during extrusion can reach 130℃~ 160℃. It can not only kill germs, microorganisms and eggs, but also improve the hygiene index, inactivate all kinds of harmful factors, improve the quality of feed, eliminate all kinds of harmful factors that promote the deterioration of materials and prolong the shelf life. ?
The processing technology of corn stalk thermal spraying feed is a similar compound treatment method. The difference is that straw is put into a thermal spraying device and saturated steam is introduced into it. After a certain period of time, the straw was treated at high temperature and high pressure, and then the pressure was suddenly reduced, so that the treated straw was sprayed into the atmosphere, thus changing its structure and some chemical components and improving the nutritional value of straw feed. Straw after puffing and thermal spraying can be directly fed to livestock or pressed into blocks. ?
10, corn stalk pellet feed processing technology:
Sun-dried corn stalks, crushed, then added with additives, evenly mixed, extruded in a granular feed machine by a grinding disc and a press wheel, and processed into granular feed. Due to friction and heating during processing, the internal curing degree of straw is deep and thorough, and the processed feed particles have smooth surface, moderate hardness and uniform size, and the particle size can be adjusted between 3- 12mm as required. You can also use a complete set of pellet feed equipment to automatically complete the functions of straw crushing, lifting, stirring and feeding, and add various additives at any time, which is fully enclosed and has a high degree of automation. This technology is suitable for small and medium-sized corn stalk pellet feed processing enterprises. In addition, there is a complete set of straw concentrated feed processing and production technology suitable for large feed production enterprises, and its automatic control level is high.