It was not until the Qin Dynasty, through the efforts of several generations, finally cultivated a warrior from a bitter and cold place and finally unified the whole country that China officially entered the feudal society. It is precisely because of the blending of a hundred schools of thought contending during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period that Chinese civilization was greatly developed, and then various historical materials were gradually improved.
For a long time, although we all know that China's hereditary dynasty originated from the Xia Dynasty, it is not recognized internationally. Even the famous scholar Hu Shi in the Republic of China issued the voice that "there was no history before the Eastern Zhou Dynasty". Why is this happening? Because the pre-Qin period is too long now, and the ancient dynasties in China changed, many real historical materials have disappeared in the long river of history, which makes it extremely difficult for us to trace back to the source.
But at the beginning of the 20th century, this situation changed quietly.
At first, there were some scattered pieces of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which were picked up by people at that time. People don't know what Oracle bones are, and they think they are the bones of dragons, so they quietly hide them, grind water to drink, and make many precious Oracle Bone Inscriptions disappear. After experts discovered that this was the Oracle Bone Inscriptions used by pre-Qin civilization, these fragments were not preserved.
At that time, China was stormy, and many foreigners and teams took advantage of the domestic situation at this time to plunder a lot of treasures from China, including Oracle Bone Inscriptions. This is a profiteering industry. Just dig in the soil and you can get precious cultural relics. Those businessmen buried the excavation address and didn't want more people to "share a piece of cake".
It wasn't until 19 17 that Wang Guowei (the writer of "thorns on earth") made textual research based on the fragments of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and sorted out the imperial lineage table of the Yin and Shang Dynasties, and it was completely confirmed that these Oracle Bone Inscriptions came from Xiaotun Village, Anyang City, Henan Province, and this Xiaotun Village was the capital of Pan Geng's relocation in that year.
The name Pan Geng is probably unheard of, but the concept of Yin Shang should be familiar. Why was Shang Dynasty also called Yin Shang? Because Pan Geng moved the capital to Yin when he was in office, he got the name of Yin Shang.
Shang Dynasty was a country that frequently moved its capital. Pan Geng in Shangshu recorded: "Yin people moved repeatedly, with the first eight and the last five." What is the dividing line between "front and back" here? Pan Geng moved to Yin. Whether the first eight steps or the next five steps are actually small-scale adjustments.
After explaining the concept of Yindu, we will go back to Oracle Bone Inscriptions itself.
Now that we have found the address near Xiaotun Village after Pan Geng moved its capital, that is, the legendary Yindu, we must carry out archaeological excavations. After all, this means whether the history of our country really exists. 1928, the archaeological excavation of Yin Ruins officially began, and a large number of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronzes were discovered, which completely confirmed the existence of Shang Dynasty, which is what we now call Yin Ruins.
The archaeology of Yin Ruins cannot be separated from a person's name, that is, Li Ji, a modern archaeologist in China who presided over this archaeology.
However, with the deepening of archaeology, new problems have emerged. From 1928 to 1937, Li Ji, who presided over the excavation of Yin Ruins that shocked the world, raised several questions based on the cultural relics unearthed in Yin Ruins, which led to the discussion that "China civilization is in the west" and even reached the conclusion that Yin Ruins may not be Chinese civilization.
Why is there such a statement? This is about another local culture, Yangshao culture. Yangshao culture can be traced back to about 5000 BC to 3000 BC, and it is a very famous painted pottery culture in Neolithic Age. It can be seen from the bronzes unearthed in Yin Ruins that their shapes are based on the pottery of Yangshao culture, but there is no shadow of any bronzes of Yangshao culture, and foreign countries have the same shape at the same time.
In addition, a large number of black and white skulls found during the excavation of Yin Ruins are even more severe. As we all know, even how to explain this, the skulls of different races are very different, so it can only be explained that there were a large number of Indo-European troops moving at that time, and the result was lost here, but it left a splendid civilization, which led to the birth of Yin Shang. After all, it is recorded in western history that Indo-Europeans moved eastward more than 3,000 years ago.
Indo-Europeans refer to primitive people who lived in the Ukrainian plain in eastern Ukraine and southern Russia today, and were born more than 6000 years BC.
Skull does exist, but can it prove that Yin ruins prove that Yin Shang was not an ancient civilization in China? 1959 The ancient capital site discovered by Mr. Xu in Luoyang Basin completely broke this statement and is now the famous Erlitou site. Judging from the unearthed cultural relics, this period was the capital of the late summer and early Shang Dynasty, and the bronzes unearthed here also confirmed that there were bronzes in China at that time.