Three-dimensional design covers a wide range, and it can involve game animation, advertising product animation, film and television animation, architectural animation, indoor and outdoor rendering production and many other professional fields.
Mold design is engaged in the digital design of enterprise molds, including cavity molds and cold punching dies. On the basis of traditional mold design, digital design tools are fully applied to improve the quality of mold design and shorten the mold design cycle. personnel.
The two are actually related to a certain extent, but the difference in industry is quite big. My personal advice to you is that there is no question of whether the way out is good or not, because every industry has it. The most important thing is what industry you want to work in. If you think about it and study hard, I believe you will have a future in any industry.
Mold manufacturing technology has developed rapidly and has become an important part of modern manufacturing technology. Such as CAD/CAM technology for molds, laser rapid prototyping technology for molds, precision forming technology for molds, ultra-precision processing technology for molds, and the use of finite element method and boundary element method in the design of molds to carry out the dynamics of flow, cooling, and heat transfer processes. Simulation technology, mold CIMS technology, mold DNM technology that has been developed, and CNC technology cover almost all modern manufacturing technologies. ?
Modern mold manufacturing technology is developing in the direction of accelerating information drive, improving manufacturing flexibility, agile manufacturing and systematic integration. ?
1. High-speed milling: the third generation of molding technology?
High-speed milling not only has high processing speed and good processing accuracy and surface quality, but is also different from traditional cutting processing. Compared with other machines, it has a lower temperature rise (the workpiece is only raised 3°C) and less thermal deformation, so it is suitable for processing temperature and thermal deformation sensitive materials (such as magnesium alloys, etc.); also due to its small cutting force, it can be used for thin-walled and rigid materials. Poor parts processing; rational selection of tools and cutting amount can achieve a series of advantages such as hard material (HRC60) processing. Therefore, high-speed milling processing technology is still a hot topic at present. It has developed towards higher agility, intelligence, and integration, and has become the third generation of molding technology. ?
2. EDM milling and "green" product technology?
From the perspective of foreign electrical processing machine tools, regardless of performance, process indicators, intelligence, and automation, they have Reaching a very high level, the current new trend abroad is the research and development of EDM milling technology (EDM technology). This is a new technology that replaces the traditional use of forming electrodes to process mold cavities. It is Using simple tubular electrodes that rotate at high speed for three-dimensional or two-dimensional contour processing (like CNC milling), there is no need to manufacture complex shaped electrodes. This is obviously a major development in the field of EDM. ?
Recently, Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan launched the EDSCAN8E electric discharge machining machine tool, which has made new progress. This machine can automatically compensate for electrode loss. A special CAM system developed for this machine on Windows 95 can be linked with common CAD such as AutoCAD, and can perform online precision measurement to ensure high-precision machining. In order to confirm whether there are any abnormalities or defects in the processed shape, the CAM system can also realize simulated processing. ?
With the advancement of EDM technology, people are paying more and more attention to the safety and protection technology of EDM, and many EDM machine tools have considered safety protection technology. At present, the European Union has stipulated that machine tools without the "CE" mark cannot enter the European Union market. At the same time, the international market is paying more and more attention to the requirements of safety protection technology. ?
At present, the main problem of EDM machine tools is radiation harassment, because it has a greater impact on safety and environmental protection. As the international market pays more and more attention to "green" products, as a tool for mold processing The "green" product technology of leading equipment EDM machine tools will be a difficult problem that must be solved in the future.
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3. New generation of mold CAD/CAM software technology?
Currently, mold software developed by the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany and other countries, as well as some universities and research institutes in my country, It has the characteristics of intelligence, integration and mold manufacturability evaluation of the new generation of mold CAD/CAM software. ?
The new generation of mold software should be based on a large amount of knowledge summarized from mold design practice. This knowledge has been systematically and scientifically organized, stored in the engineering knowledge base in a specific form, and can be easily called by the mold. With the support of intelligent software, mold CAD is no longer an imitation of traditional design and calculation methods, but under the guidance of advanced design theory, making full use of the rich knowledge and successful experience of experts in this field, the design results must be reasonable. nature and advancement. ?
The new generation of mold software designs mold structures with three-dimensional thinking and intuitive feeling. The generated three-dimensional structural information can be easily used for mold manufacturability evaluation and CNC processing, which requires mold software It has reached a fairly complete level and has a high level of integration in terms of three-dimensional parametric feature modeling, molding process simulation, CNC machining process simulation, information exchange, organization and management. Measuring the degree of software integration depends not only on whether the functional modules are complete, but also on whether these functional modules use the same data model and form a global dynamic database in a unified way to achieve comprehensive management and integration of information. To support the whole process of mold design, manufacturing, assembly, inspection, testing and production. ?
The mold manufacturability evaluation function plays a very important role in the new generation of mold software. It not only needs to screen multiple options, but also evaluate the rationality and economy of the mold design process, and Provide modification basis for mold designers. ?
In the new generation of mold software, manufacturability evaluation mainly includes the estimation of mold design and manufacturing costs, mold assemblyability evaluation, mold parts manufacturing process evaluation, mold structure and forming performance evaluation, etc. . ? The new generation of software should also have assembly-oriented functions, because the function of the mold can only be reflected through its assembly structure. After adopting the assembly-oriented design method, mold assembly is no longer a simple assembly of parts one by one. Its data structure can not only describe the function of the mold, but also define the assembly characteristics of the mutual relationship between the mold parts and realize the association of parts. Therefore It can effectively guarantee the quality of the mold. ?
4. Advanced rapid mold manufacturing technology?
1. Laser rapid prototyping technology (RPM) is developing rapidly. Our country has reached the international level and is gradually realizing commercialization. The rapid prototyping processes that have been commercialized in the world mainly include SLA (stereolithography), LOM (layered split manufacturing), SLS (selective laser sintering), and 3D-P (three-dimensional printing). ?
Tsinghua University was the first to introduce SLA250 (stereolithography or photosensitive resin laser curing) equipment and technology from the American 3D Company and conduct development research. After several years of hard work, it has been improved, improved and launched many times. The "M-RPMS-type multifunctional rapid prototyping manufacturing system" (with layered physical manufacturing-SSM, melt extrusion molding-MEM) is the only system in the world with my country's independent intellectual property rights that has two rapid prototyping processes (National patent), has a good performance-price ratio. ?
2. Moldless multi-point forming technology is another advanced manufacturing technology that uses highly adjustable punch groups to replace traditional molds for plate surface forming. The moldless multi-point forming system uses CAD/CAM/ CAT technology is used as the main means to quickly and economically realize the automatic forming of three-dimensional curved surfaces. Jilin University of Technology has undertaken key national scientific and technological projects related to moldless forming, and has independently designed and manufactured moldless multi-point forming equipment with an internationally leading level. ?
Compared with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, the University of Tokyo in Japan, and the Tokyo Institute of Technology in Japan, this technology in our country is in a leading position in theoretical research and practical application, and is currently developing towards popularization and application. . ? 3. For the first time, resin stamping molds have been successfully used in the trial production of domestically produced cars.
FAW Mold Manufacturing Co., Ltd. designed and manufactured 12 sets of resin molds for the modification and trial production of the new Xiaohongqi sedan. These 12 sets of molds are drawing molds for large and complex internal and external covering parts such as trunks, hoods, front and rear left and right fenders, etc. , its main feature is that the mold surface is based on the main model processed by CAD/CAM, and is molded by high-strength resin refined by Ciba, Switzerland. The gap between the convex and concave molds is accurately controlled by imported special wax sheets. The dimensional accuracy of the mold is high and the manufacturing The cycle time can be shortened by one-half to two-thirds, and the manufacturing cost can be saved by about 10 million yuan (12 sets of molds). It has opened up a new way for my country's car trial production and small batch production, which is the first of its kind in China. Experts from Swiss Ciba Refinement believe that it can reach the international level in the 1990s. ?
5. On-site mold inspection technology?
The development of precision molds places higher and higher requirements on measurement. Precision three-dimensional coordinate measuring machines have long been limited by the environment and are rarely used in production sites. The new generation of three-coordinate measuring machines basically have temperature compensation and use anti-vibration materials to improve dust-proof measures, improve environmental adaptability and reliability of use, so that they can be easily installed and used in workshops to achieve on-site measurement. . ?
6. Mold surface engineering technology for mirror polishing?
Mold polishing technology is an important part of mold surface engineering and an important post-processing process in the mold manufacturing process. At present, domestic polishing equipment, abrasives and processes for polishing molds to Ra0.05μm can basically meet the needs, but mirror polishing equipment, abrasives and processes for polishing to Ra0.025μm are still in the exploratory stage. With the large-scale application of mirror injection molds in production, mold polishing technology has become a key issue in mold production. Due to certain problems in domestic polishing technology and materials, a large part of injection molds that require high transparency such as point-and-shoot camera lens injection molds, CD and VCD discs, and tools still rely on imports. ?
It is worth noting that mold surface polishing is not only affected by polishing equipment and process technology, but also by the mirror degree of the mold material. This point has not attracted enough attention, that is to say, the polishing itself Restricted by mold material. For example, when 45# carbon steel is used as an injection mold, when it is polished to Ra0.2μm, obvious defects are visible to the naked eye. Continuing to polish can only increase the brightness, but the roughness is hopeless. Therefore, currently in the production of mirror molds in China, Imported mold materials are often used, such as ASSAB 136 from Sweden, PD555 from Datong, Japan, etc., which can achieve satisfactory mirror finish. ?
The mirror mold material is not only a matter of chemical composition, but more importantly, it requires the use of a series of advanced processes such as vacuum degassing, argon protection ingot casting, vertical continuous casting and rolling, and soft forging during smelting, so that Mirror mold steel has a series of advantages such as fewer internal defects, fine impurity particle size, high degree of dispersion, fine metal grain size, and good uniformity to meet the requirements of polished to mirror mold steel.