References:
Dill, originally from Mexico, is also known as Mylotone, commonly known as five-pointed star flower and lion grass. The Book of Songs says "Be a daughter, Yu Songbai", which means that brothers and relatives love each other. Mulberry is parasitic and female radish is dodder, both of which are parasitic plants in Yu Songbai. Dill is very similar in shape to female dill, so they are named after each other (also known as Dill Pine (a hundred poems in the flower calendar and a botanical dictionary), Feather Dill, Jinping Seal (a picture book of higher plants in China), Golden thread (Guangxi), Youlong grass and around the dragon flower). The flowering period is long, and it can last from April to 1 1 month in Anhui, Hubei, Hunan and other places in China. The requirement for soil fertilizer is not high, and the seeds can germinate when sown on wet soil, and the germination rate is above 95%.
Growth habit
Like light, like warm and humid environment, growing in areas with an altitude of 0-2500 meters, not cold-resistant, able to sow by itself (generally introduced and cultivated by people), requiring fertile soil.
Dill has strong adaptability and simple management. Capsule contains 4 seeds. When it matures, it falls to the ground and grows on its own in the second year. If it is planted artificially, it will be planted in March. Seedling length 10 cm transplantation. In order to produce more flowers, it should be planted in sunny and fertile soil. Potted plants must be supported to be entangled, and they are extremely beautiful when they bloom.
geographical distribution
China is widely cultivated (Shaanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan). Native to tropical America, it is now widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions of the world. Ornamental plants in a beautiful garden.
All kinds of dill are named according to the shape of leaves. For example, feathery leaves are called feathery dill. The main ornamental trees are feather dill, Acer truncatum dill and round dill.
There are three cultivated varieties of dill: dill with round leaves, which are like morning glory, heart-shaped and oval. Pentaphyllum dilemmas, also known as Pentaphyllum dilemmas, has heart-shaped leaves, 3-lobed leaves, many flowers and dense dichotomies. Dill palm leaf, also known as Dill Acer palm leaf, has palmately divided leaves and a wide oval shape. The flowers of the three are red, and the common dill is the most beautiful. Five leaves are oval, sharp and slightly heart-shaped; Corolla is magenta, throat is yellow, and there are many colorful flowers. Dill Acer leaves, palmately divided leaves, lanceolate lobes and tips. The total pedicel is thick, about 10 cm long, and the flower is twice as big as dill.
cultivation techniques
Dill should be propagated with seeds. Sow in early April, pay attention to shading after sowing, keep the seedbed moist, and seedlings can emerge in about a week.
1. Dill planting:
1, planted. It is advisable to choose a place with lee and sunshine and good drainage. Besides basal fertilizer, liquid fertilizer 1 ~ 2 times should be applied before flowering. When planting, it must be watered permeable, and it only needs to be watered 1 time a week. (Note that dill should not be transplanted when it grows into a big seedling. )
2. Potted dill. Water it in time, but don't accumulate water. It is suitable for live broadcast from the end of March to the end of April. Plant 5 ~ 7 seeds in the middle pot, cover with 0.5 cm soil, keep the pot soil moist, and sprout in about 10 day. After half a month, the seedlings weakened and remained, with 3-4 plants. If seedbeds are used, they should be broadcast thinly. When the seedlings grow to 3 or 4 leaves, take the seedlings with a spatula and plant them in a pot without damaging the roots. When the height of the seedling is 8 ~ 10 cm, jointing is carried out to promote its multi-branches and multi-flowers. Water once after planting, and then every five to three days with the growth of plants and the increase of temperature, and gradually change to water once a day. In short, the pot soil should always be moist, and do not water it. It is best to use NPK compound fertilizer or granular fertilizer for fertilization, and it is forbidden to apply nitrogen fertilizer alone to avoid wasting flowers. When planting, 1 topdressing once a month, 15 ~ 20 topdressing once a day.
3. Properly thinning vines and leaves. It is not only conducive to ventilation and light transmission, but also makes the plant look beautiful. After the flowers wither, the residual flowers should be picked in time to prevent them from bearing seeds, so as to concentrate nutrients for the new branches to bloom and prolong the flowering period.
Second, the conditions
Because dill is native to tropical areas, it likes warmth, avoids cold and freezing, and grows very slowly at low temperature. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 20 ~ 25℃. It needs a sunny environment, and most species are not strict about sunshine hours, but Quamoclit lobata only blooms when the sunshine is shorter than 12 hours. The requirements for soil are not strict, but it grows well in fertile and loose soil.
The 1000-grain weight of Chinese tallow is about 139, and the seeds can be used for 3 ~ 4 years. Fruit maturity is inconsistent, and it is easy to fall off after ripening, so it should be picked while ripening. Each fruit contains 3 ~ 4 seeds. If there are red flowers and white flowers, the seeds should be collected separately.
Third, sow.
In spring, seedlings are planted in protected areas, and the days of planting seedlings in the open field after the final frost are about 45 days, which should not be too long, otherwise the vines grown by seedlings will be intertwined.
Seeding seedlings with ordinary nutrient soil can grow well. Sow with a seedling tray. The sowing amount per square meter of seedbed is about 100g, and the fine soil after sowing is about1.5cm. It should not be too thin, otherwise it will be easy to be unearthed with seed coat. The ground temperature is controlled at 20 ~ 25℃, and the seeds emerge after 4 days of dry sowing. Dill is easy to emerge, but it is often irregular, so it should be carefully selected to make the seedlings orderly. The author observed that dill seedlings are very afraid of drought. If the drought is a little severe, they will die, and even if they are watered, it is difficult to recover. Therefore, special attention should be paid to this point when raising seedlings. Because it is a straight-rooted plant, it is best to use a plastic seedling pot with a diameter of 8cm to raise seedlings, and only transfer seedlings 1 time, and each container species 1 seedling. You can also use a 72-hole tray to raise seedlings, and pay attention to the supply of water when raising seedlings. Moderate control of soil moisture in the middle and late stage of seedling raising. Always fully see the light in the seedling stage. If the seedlings are large and vines are entangled, they should be separated as soon as possible, and the seedling pots should be moved away for a certain distance if necessary.
The red flower of ginseng fruit is more beautiful than white flower, and most people prefer red flower. But even if all the seeds of safflower are harvested, most offspring may separate white flowers. Seeds are not easy to distinguish, but they are easy to distinguish at seedling stage. The stem of safflower is dark red, and the stem of white flower is green, which can be well distinguished as long as you observe it carefully. If you carefully select seeds every year and pay attention to isolation, the noise of future generations will be less and less.
Fourth, self-cultivation
Generally speaking, it is not recommended to plant early in areas where the temperature is still low at night after the final frost. Dill has a strong ability of self-broadcasting. If you don't care about the flowering time, you can also use self-sowing seedlings in the second year of cultivation, but because there is no seed selection, the seedlings emerge late and the greening effect is poor. Dill grows much more, so it should be fully fertilized, spread evenly and turned deep. Planing holes, removing plastic seedling pots, planting each hole 1 plant into holes, covering seedlings with fine soil, watering, covering soil and sealing holes. The spacing between plants planted in a single row is about 35 cm, and the spacing between seedlings or fertile soil should be appropriately larger; Self-sowing seedlings emerge late, their growth is delayed, and the spacing between plants should be appropriately smaller. Timely watering can promote the growth of stems and leaves, but care should be taken not to grow wildly to avoid delaying flowering. In the early days, vines were artificially assisted on scaffolding, fences, trees or other supports. In the middle and late stage, plants themselves have strong climbing ability, so they don't have to worry about it except modeling, and let them climb and entangle. Potted plants should be watered and fertilized frequently. (It can also be planted indoors in winter, but attention should be paid to room temperature, lighting and other conditions. )
Families in the north can also grow dill in winter. After heating is provided at home, dill seeds are germinated in a short time by "tissue culture method" (also called seedling promotion method). When the seeds bud, sprinkle them into flowerpots and attach 1 ~ 1.5 cm of soil to ensure the growth of dill. In about a week, dill will take root and sprout. Dill seedlings must be treated with caution at this time. Because there is little light in winter, it is necessary to choose a place with plenty of light to plant dill. It is recommended to put it in a house facing south, and put the flowerpot near the heating to ensure the appropriate temperature.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) reproduction
Dill breeds with seeds. Seeds can be harvested at the beginning of June165438+1October every year, sown in April of the following year, and germinated one week later. When the seedlings grow 3-4 leaves, they can be planted. When the seedlings are too big, it is not easy to survive. When dill matures, the seeds will naturally divide and reproduce. Dill has strong vitality and good adaptability, and generally has no pests and diseases.