Children's interpersonal skills, as we all know, kindergarten is a place where different children grow and learn together on the basis of different life experiences and cognition. So do you know how to exercise children's interpersonal skills? Let's take a look at the children's interpersonal skills!
Children's interpersonal skills 1 How to cultivate children's interpersonal skills? Nowadays, many children are only children, especially those who live in cities and have few friends of the same age. Playing alone for a long time will lead to the lack of communication skills. So how to cultivate children's communicative competence?
How to cultivate children's communicative competence
1. Create a harmonious and healthy family atmosphere
First of all, children's first social network is their own family. Family members should try to avoid disputes in front of children, because such disputes will not only make children feel nervous and panic, but also make children unconsciously learn some negative communication methods, such as attacking each other with ugly words and attacking each other.
Parents should set a good example for their children.
Parents are the people who have the most contact with their children in the early stages of growth. Parents have high authority in children's minds, so their influence on children is the longest and most profound. So their words and deeds are often the best examples for children to learn and communicate. Therefore, parents should set an example and set an example. Experts point out that children acquire communication skills by imitating adults. From birth, children have always felt their parents' attitudes towards themselves and others, and imitated their parents' attitudes and ways of treating people. Therefore, parents should set an example in front of their children and ask them to do what they want, otherwise they will not be convinced.
3. Create an environment and opportunities for children to communicate.
Today's only children are all brought up in the environment of "4-2-1" (that is, four old people, two adults and one child). In fact, they are eager to play with their peers. Therefore, our parents should always create an environment and opportunities for their children to communicate with them. At the same time, parents should encourage their children to spend some time and energy chatting, playing games and traveling with their peers. They must not take the importance of cultural learning as an excuse to ignore their children's learning in this area. For example, take more children to visit, support children to bring their companions to play at home, don't restrict children's games too much, and don't shut out children's friends on the grounds of family cleanliness. Parents visit relatives and friends on holidays, and don't always leave their children at home or leave them in the care of the elderly. Try to take it with you when you can. First, we can cultivate children's polite language and enrich their language, such as greeting others and saying goodbye when leaving; Secondly, it can enrich children's communication experience. For example, when visiting other people's homes, guide children to knock on the door before entering the house, and politely ask what toys they want to play with their friends before playing. In this way, children will know what to say, how to say and how to do when they meet strangers, and they will no longer be afraid of meeting strangers.
4. Actively teach children communication skills.
Children's social communication includes children's communication with peers and children's communication with adults. It is easier for children to communicate with adults, because adults can generally guess their intentions. Adults should mainly teach children the skills of communicating with their peers. The so-called communication skills refer to the strategies and skills to solve the problems encountered in communication in an appropriate way. For example: talk to peers in a friendly way and greet others with their favorite names; Knowing the hobbies of peers can not only obey the interests of others, but also not blindly follow them; Pay more attention to the advantages of others rather than the disadvantages; I like to share toys and venues with others. I can leave a place for the children who have left temporarily in the game, and I am willing to let new companions participate at any time, and I am willing to help the companions who are in trouble or inexperienced. In the game, you can actively make suggestions, respect other people's opinions, do not force others to accept or obey, interact with others on an equal footing, and cooperate happily with your peers. The reason why children show inappropriate communication behavior in communication is often due to the lack of corresponding skills. In communication, children who are polite, cooperative, sharing and obeying the rules are often welcomed by their peers.
5. Understand the natural laws of children's development, and don't use adult standards to ask children.
Parents are always eager to let their children master the skills of adult communication as soon as possible. In fact, the development of children needs a process. On the one hand, their ability in social communication needs corresponding psychological maturity, on the other hand, they need to constantly learn and accumulate experience. Therefore, parents should keep a normal heart, treat their children's performance in social interaction with a tolerant attitude, and don't use adult standards to ask their children.
6. Correctly face children's communication conflicts.
Parents should realize that children will inevitably have friction and quarrel together. Some disputes and conflicts between children can never be equated with contradictions between adults. It is forbidden to educate children "without loss", or even forcibly interfere and prevent them from meeting. When there is a quarrel between children, parents should first not make a fuss, but guide their children to correctly understand various contradictions in communication and let them learn how to face small problems in communication "alone". Secondly, we should guide them in a timely and fair manner, teach children some correct communication methods, such as sharing, exchange, taking turns, consultation and cooperation, so that children can learn to solve problems by themselves. Secondly, timely and fair guidance should be given to cultivate children's communicative spirit of courage to correct mistakes, forgive others, help each other and love each other, and be compassionate.
2. How to improve children's communicative competence
7. Respect children's communicative personality and give them full freedom.
Respect children's interest in communication and let them understand that it is their right to communicate with peers, and it is also their responsibility and obligation to deal with problems in peer communication. This is an affirmation of children's independent personality and an important step to cultivate children's independence.
Although good communication skills are very beneficial to children's success and happiness, please don't interfere too much with children's communication methods. In fact, everyone has his own personality, and the improvement of communication ability is not only the increase of the number of friends. You should know that even a person can be a good lifestyle. If your child is willing to communicate with others in his own way, you should respect him.
Some children don't want to make friends on their own initiative, and it takes some time to get familiar and friendly with their peers, while some children naturally like company and play with a lot of friends. No matter which way he chooses, as long as the child is willing and likes, parents only need to give guidance when necessary. Too much intervention will make children shy and rigid, which will hinder them from understanding each other better.
8. Children should have enough time to play.
Some parents not only let their children do their homework during the holidays, but also let their children participate in various super-long classes, so that their children have no time to play with their peers. Parents also call: it's all for your own good. Let the children suffer, no one to talk to. In the long run, it is easy to lead to the formation of a child's withdrawn inner character.
Therefore, parents should arrange their own and their children's time reasonably, leave enough play time for their children, and let them have time and opportunities to find peers to play. Parents should always take their children out of the house and go to nature, let them get in touch with the mountains and rivers of nature, get to know flowers, birds, fish and insects, get a preliminary understanding of some common things and social phenomena in society, broaden their horizons, cultivate their sentiment, cultivate their social responsibility and cheerful personality, and improve their social communication ability.
Secondly, except for parents, teachers and other adults, children's behaviors are mostly learned from their peers. They can have cognitive conflicts through peer interaction. External incentive methods such as encouragement, praise and reward can strengthen children's altruistic behavior and overcome negative behavior. However, in real life, children sometimes rely not only on external reinforcement, but also on their own reinforcement to support their behavior. Self-reinforcement is the standard for children to set some behaviors and activities before activities. In the process of activities, compare your own activities with these standards. If it meets the standards, it will be happy, self-respecting, proud and satisfied, thus strengthening and maintaining its own behavior. This kind of self-reinforcement plays a very important role in the development of children's altruistic behavior.
9. Encourage your child to make every progress.
Discover every change of your child in time: bravely raise your hand to speak in class, greet the teacher for the first time, warmly invite your classmates to your home, smile at strangers, learn to bargain when shopping, sympathize with the weak and help others-all these things should always be in your eyes, in your heart and constantly encourage her. Keep at it like this, and you will be very happy to see the good performance of your child.
10, overcoming timidity and shyness
Many parents often find that their children are talkative at home, but when they go out or in a strange environment, they are often either flushed, unable to say clearly what they have said before, or simply silent. Mainly because children are timid and shy. Only a few children are born timid, and most of them are acquired. For example, parents are always too strict with their children, or parents are too protective of their children, which will make them too nervous and at a loss in unfamiliar situations. Parents are advised to give their children more freedom, listen to their own opinions within a certain range, take their children to crowded places or unfamiliar places, encourage their children to contact some people or take the initiative to deal with some things, encourage their children to solve some things themselves, and cultivate their courage and communication skills.
1 1 to make children confident.
Self-confidence comes from children's nature, but often in the life after tomorrow, some children's self-confidence is weakened for various reasons. In interpersonal communication, confidence is very important. A person may not be very beautiful, may not have a very moving voice, or even may not have a healthy body, but as long as he is full of self-confidence, he will always unconsciously touch others' hearts. Self-confidence is a kind of information inadvertently sent from the inside out, which is full of strength and charm in interpersonal relationships. Where does confidence come from? Confidence comes from practice. Parents should seize every opportunity to let their children learn knowledge, exercise, enrich their lives, accumulate knowledge and practice exercise, and their children will be more confident and full of wisdom.
Teach children to appreciate others.
This is actually a relative aspect of the principle of interaction in interpersonal communication. Everyone wants to get each other's support and recognition in communication, and so do children. In communication, children always have a good impression on the person who is kind to them. We should educate our children. Since we have such demands on our friends in our hearts, they will certainly make such demands on us. This requires us to praise others while expecting more praise, so that children can learn to appreciate others. This is very important for many children, because many children in our family are only children, and children often enjoy praise in a spoiled family environment, but ignore how to appreciate others.
3. Factors affecting the development of infants' interpersonal social intelligence
Social factors: the influence of parents' attitude and parenting style.
In the process of raising a baby, if you protect the baby too much and don't let them have contact with other children at ordinary times, the lack of interpersonal communication ability like Lili is inevitable. Because childhood is an important period for the formation of social communication attitude and social communication ability. Some parents love their babies too much and are afraid that they will be bullied when they go out to play, so they keep their babies in the small circle of the family and let them live with their elders for a long time, so that they can easily fall into loneliness and depression.
Self-psychological development factors: the influence of the baby's own psychological development process
"Egocentricity" is the characteristic of baby's psychological development before the age of 5. The so-called "self-centeredness" means that the starting point of their thinking comes from themselves, and it is difficult to consider the problem from the perspective of others, and it is also difficult to understand the feelings of others. For example, the army, because of this self-centered thinking characteristic, completely ignores the feelings of other children, thus causing continuous friction with its peers. This phenomenon in the army is not entirely due to the baby's selfishness or low moral quality, but mainly due to their low level of cognitive thinking. Childhood is a critical period for the formation of social communication attitude and social communication ability. Parents should create a warm atmosphere and various conditions to cultivate their baby's interpersonal intelligence.
Children's interpersonal skills 2 How parents cultivate their children's interpersonal skills should start from the following five aspects.
(1) Cultivate children's independence.
① Don't restrict and protect your baby too much. Restricting the baby too much and not letting him do this or that will not only make him rebellious, but also make him lose many opportunities for learning and exploration, thus forming a negative character of shrinking back and not striving for progress. Overprotection of the baby will only make the baby timid and dependent on others. Therefore, it is very necessary to let the baby have some freedom of movement.
② Grasp the "degree". Parents should not be too restrictive, but they should not be too indulgent. Everything will be happy with the baby, which will only make the baby "self-centered" and it is difficult to get along with others. Therefore, under the premise of respecting the baby, parents should make demands on the baby and resolutely refuse unreasonable demands, so as to cultivate the baby's healthy personality.
③ Establish a safe parent-child attachment relationship. A good attachment relationship between parents and babies will make babies feel safe, dare to explore and dare to act independently. On the contrary, if parents often ignore the baby, the baby will not feel safe attachment, which will often make the baby less bold and less enthusiastic in independent activities. Therefore, parents should pay more attention to their babies, communicate with them more, participate in their activities more, and pay attention to giving them appropriate encouragement, which will help them form a sense of security and dare to explore.
(2) Develop your baby's communication skills.
During this period, due to the development of cognitive ability and speech, the baby's communication behavior is many, and the communication ability develops rapidly.
Give your baby some communication knowledge and skills. Many studies have found that self-reliance and language ability are closely related to the level of social communication of infants. Therefore, in daily life, parents should pay attention to cultivating the baby's self-reliance and self-care ability, and teach the baby some skills of independent living. Only in this way can the baby gain a foothold among his peers. If the baby is self-reliant and knows a lot, he will often have the ability and charm to attract other small partners and initiate relatively more exchange activities. In addition, parents should consciously teach their babies how to participate in peer interaction, how to share with others, and how to negotiate with their children. And educate your baby to care for and help others. At the same time, we should encourage the baby to communicate with language, express their wishes and initiate communication.
(2) Create opportunities for peer communication. Parents should consciously let their babies participate in peer communication, provide their babies with places, toys, time and other conditions, and let their babies develop in communication with others.
③ Cultivate the baby's good moral character in communication. Babies between the ages of 2 and 2.5 are still at the stage of self-centeredness, so it is difficult to think from the standpoint of others. In this regard, on the one hand, parents should pay attention to the requirements for their babies, so that they can become friendly and polite, and know how to help and care for others. On the other hand, when there are bad behaviors and problems, parents should tell their babies the feelings of others and guide them to initially know and understand the bad feelings they have caused others. For example, when the baby plays with others, he grabs toys and makes the child cry. At this time, the mother can tell the baby, "Look, the baby is crying. Why is he crying? " Guide the baby to realize that he is crying because he robbed the toy. Then let the baby comfort the child and so on. In this way, under the guidance of parents, the baby will gradually understand the feelings of others and consciously control his own behavior.
(3) Don't spoil children.
In recent years, more and more people have realized the harm of doting on children, and that children lack independence and don't care about others mainly because they like others too much since childhood. Therefore, when parents educate their children, they should not just love them blindly, but let them grow up with proper love and education. Especially in families with grandparents, we should pay more attention not to spoil our children unprincipled because of "generation separation", but to let them learn to be independent and caring from an early age and become independent people with good quality.
(4) the cultivation of excellent personality
As the saying goes, "you are old at the age of three, but you are old at the age of seven." This is a summary of the experience of the older generation, which is quite reasonable. Explain that a person's intelligence and ability, as well as the pros and cons of personality, have been basically laid at the age of 3. If parents can cultivate the baby's character strengths and consciously correct the baby's personality defects and weaknesses before the baby is 3 years old, these shortcomings can be overcome without appearing, which is very important for shaping the baby's good character.
Personality is produced on the basis of higher nervous activity's type. After the baby is born, there are differences in temperament, that is, nerve types. For example, some babies are lively or flexible, and some babies are silent or dull. This innate temperament is constantly changing in the acquired environment and conditions. By the age of 3, the baby's personality characteristics are clearly shown. For example, in the intensity of curiosity, some babies have a strong interest in exploring the environment; Others pay little or no attention to the external environment. In terms of independent consciousness, some babies ask themselves for everything, and even things fall on the ground and others help them pick them up. He insisted on throwing them on the ground again and picking them up by himself. Some babies say to "Mom, help me ...". In the communication with children, some are easy to get along with others, and some are often in a defensive state such as crying and complaining. In terms of emotional stability, some people can play with other toys quietly even if they don't give them their favorite toys, some cry without giving them the toys they want, and even refuse to ask for other toys.
Parents should pay attention to the baby's initial personality bud. Because although it has not been finalized, it is the basis of future personality formation. Generally speaking, personality tends to develop along the initial tendency. For example, a more obedient baby is easy to obey the orders of adults and collective rules, and will form a stable character of getting along with others and being disciplined in the future, while the initial willful bud requires others to obey their own personal wishes everywhere. If his parents accommodate him, his headstrong personality will be consolidated and stereotyped. Therefore, parents should seize the baby's personality bud, guide and cultivate the baby, do not indulge the baby, and give the baby a good education, which is conducive to the formation of the baby's initial good personality characteristics.
(5) Cultivate life ability
① Continue to cultivate children's good living habits in daily life.
(2) Give children the opportunity to practice and do it yourself.
The significance of cultivating the baby's independent living ability lies not only in what the baby can do, but also in cultivating the baby's independent quality. Some parents always think that the baby is too young to do anything well, so it is better for parents to do it themselves, so they love to do it alone. For example, many parents think that the baby will not take off his shoes and feel that he is slow, so they simply give him the shoes. However, this has greatly slowed down the speed at which babies adapt to various independent living abilities. Therefore, it is very important for the baby to have the opportunity to practice by himself.
3 give the baby a certain task.
In daily life, you can teach your baby to do some things, such as packing toys, clothes, putting chairs and handing out chopsticks. Help parents move things. Giving the baby certain tasks often can not only improve the baby's sports ability, but also cultivate the baby's habit of loving labor from an early age. Parents may wish to try.
(4) combined with game practice.
In daily life, in addition to parents directly guiding their babies to practice various movements, they can also use games and various activities to practice. For example, they can teach their babies to learn by doing imitation exercises, and practice washing hands, washing faces, bathing and combing their hair. They can also make their babies take off their dolls, shoes and socks. At the same time, parents can let their babies practice buttoning with clothes they don't wear. These can improve the baby's activity ability. The following is an introduction to imitation exercises for 2-3 year-old babies.
Part 1: Wash your hands
Preparation: palms facing each other, body upright.
Action: Bend your elbows and rub your hands together to wash your hands. Do two eight beats.
Part II: Wash your face
Preparation: Put your palms on your face and stand up straight.
Action: Rub your hands from the middle to both sides and from top to bottom to wash your face. Do two eight beats.
Part III: Shake your head
Preparation: light your cheeks with your index finger and stand up straight.
Action: Shake your head left and right with the password and do eight beats at the same time.
Section 4: Birds can fly
Preparation: arms droop and body stands upright.
Action: Raise your arms horizontally and shake them once to make a bird fly. Do two eight beats.
Section 5: Bathing
Preparation: Put your hands on your chest and stand up straight.
Action: Massage your hands from face to abdomen, take a bath and do two eight beats.
Section 6: Kneading the waist
Preparation: Put your hands and palms on both sides of your waist, with your fingertips down and your body upright.
Action: Massage your hands up and down and rub your waist for two eight beats.
Section 7: Turn your head
Ready: Stand up straight with your hands akimbo.
Action: the first racket head rotates 90 degrees to the left, and the eyes are fixed on the left rear; The second beat, reduction, head turning to the center; On the third beat, turn your head 90 degrees to the right and look at the right rear; The fourth beat, restore. * * * Do two eight beats.
Section 8: Steps
Preparation: Put down your arms and stand up straight. Action: two arms swing back and forth, two eight beats.
training method
Game 1: distinguish between morning and evening
Objective: Let the baby learn to know time and get the first concept of time from the most concrete phenomenon.
How to play: After getting up in the morning, adults open the curtains to let the baby see the dawn and the sun comes out. Get dressed, wash and have breakfast quickly. Babies like mornings very much because they can play outside after breakfast.
It will be dark after dinner the day after tomorrow. Light up the room and close the curtains. After dinner, dad plays with the baby at home or watches TV programs. Before going to bed, the mother should take the baby to take a bath, get dressed and get ready for bed. Slowly, the baby will know that it is morning when it is dawn, and it is night when it is dark, and it can also distinguish between morning and evening. You can also find some pictures and pictures for your baby to identify, so that your baby can understand that morning is the beginning of the day and evening is the end of the day.
Game 2: Learn math games
Objective: To let the baby know the numbers in an intuitive way.
How to play: Find 2 shoe boxes and some toys of different sizes. The big one can put 3 ~ 4 pieces in the shoe box, and the small one can put 8 ~ 10 pieces. Adults and babies each have a spare shoe box. Put large and small toys in the shoe box to see who has more. After loading, take out the toys in the box and arrange them in a row. The toys of adults and babies are arranged one by one. Although the baby can't count, he will see fewer lines than he sees. Let the babies count one by one, or you can count the extra parts specially. Repeatedly placed several times, the baby can get an intuitive impression: the more toys can be placed for a longer time, the bigger the toy, the less it will hold. When playing again, the baby specially picks out small toys and puts them in the shoe box to make himself more present in the box. After playing, you can prepare some toys with little difference in size, so that your baby can have a new judgment.
Game 3: Count Beads
Objective: Let the baby learn to find beads by color and number, arrange them in order and put them on in turn. This is a comprehensive exercise, a game of hands and brain.
How to play: Let the baby count when practicing beading, for example, let the baby wear three red ones, 1 white ones, then two green ones, 1 black ones. Each section should be worn according to the number to see how many sections the baby can wear correctly. The baby can first find three red ones, 1 white ones, and then put two green ones and one black one in order before wearing them. Wear red in the first section, and then wear white as required. You can't go wrong in order. Adults can guide you, but they can't do it for you. After teaching once, let the baby find his own beads and put them on himself to encourage independent operation.
If the baby can't remember the number and order of the four colors, you can start with two, such as: three red and 1 white. Add green and black after proficiency, and separate steps to make the game easier.
Game 4: Practice washing feet.
Objective: Learn to take care of yourself and serve yourself as soon as possible, which is conducive to cultivating the baby's self-care ability.
How to play: Let the baby practice washing feet before going to bed. Babies will put slippers, towels and soap, and adults will prepare warm water. The baby takes off his shoes and socks, first washes one foot, washes the toe seam, instep and sole with soap, dries it with towel, puts on slippers, and then washes the other foot in the basin, so that the baby can practice washing two feet separately, because one foot is still on the ground, which is convenient for maintaining balance. When the baby is skilled, he can put his feet together in the basin.
Game 5: Guess.
Objective: To understand the usage of daily necessities.
How to play: Parents ask questions for the baby to answer, such as: "What do I use to cook rice?" "With what do you peel apples?" "What should I use to open and lock the door?" "It's raining outside. What should we take? " ..... can let the baby ask questions. Sometimes the baby has something to say. You can ask the baby to come up with something for parents to guess. Babies over two years old often have too few words to express clearly. If parents don't understand, they will be impatient. At this time, parents' attitude is very important. If you often play the game of "guessing" and often help each other guess with actions and expressions, you can alleviate your baby's unclear impatience. Moreover, both sides will use more communication methods other than language, which will be useful at any time in the future.