1． The First Voyage Robinson's father originally expected his son to study law, but Robinson only wanted to sail. One day, when Robinson went to Hull, one of his companions was about to take his father's ship to London. He was tempted, so he went with him - this was August 1651, when he was nineteen. age. As soon as the ship sailed out of the sea, it encountered terrible wind and waves, which made him feel unspeakable sadness all over his body and very scared in his heart.
He swore in pain that if God spared his life during this voyage, he would stay with his loving parents after landing on land and he would obey them from now on. advice. But the next day the wind stopped and the waves stopped. The sun was setting in the west, and what followed was a beautiful and lovely dusk. At this time, after drinking another bowl of sweet wine made by his companions, he threw away his determination to go home after this voyage. ?
2. Second voyage. The second time he went overseas to do business in Africa, he made a lot of money. ?
3. The third voyage. While on a business trip to Guinea in Africa, Robinson was captured by a Turkish pirate ship and sold as a slave. Later, he escaped on his master's boat and was rescued by a Portuguese cargo ship on the way. He fled to Brazil, where he lived alone He ran a sugar cane plantation and became the owner of the manor. Life was going smoothly. ?
4. The fourth voyage ended in Brazil. Due to the shortage of manpower, several planters knew that Robinson had visited some slave market ports in Africa for business. They tried their best to coax him to make a voyage and go to that area to help them. Buy some black slaves from the plantation. Unexpectedly, their ship ran aground on an unnamed island on the north coast of South America. All the sailors and passengers drowned. Only he was rolled ashore by high waves and saved his life.
5. The first attempt at planting barley and rice failed. There was still a lot to do to ensure his survival on the island. Robinson did his best to do several things that he had to do one after another. But his efforts were not always met with good fortune. When he first sowed the seeds of barley and rice, half of this precious stock was wasted because the seeds were sown at the wrong time.
6. Digging cellars and building a stone mortar for pounding wheat. Robinson worked hard for several months and dug several cellars to store fresh water. It took forty-two days to chop down a large tree into the first long plank. He worked diligently for several weeks to make a stone mortar for pounding wheat, but in the end he had to hollow out a large piece of wood. ?
7. The first time the shipbuilding failed, Robinson spent five months cutting down a big iron tree, splitting and paring it, and turned it into a very decent canoe for escaping from the island, but As a result, it was too big to be put into the sea, so it had to be discarded. However, every failure taught him something he didn't know before. ?
8. Robinson made pottery. Out of the needs of life, Robinson began to make pottery. After finding clay, he conducted numerous experiments. At the beginning, some were not finished because the clay was too soft, and some burst because the temperature was too high. After more than two months of groping, I finally made two large earthenware vessels and many small vessels, but there was still no clay pot that could hold liquids and withstand fire.
By chance, he found that some broken clay vessels were burned as hard as rocks, so Robinson began to study the firepower of burning pottery, and finally burned three earthen pots and two earthenware pots. Jars, one of which was exactly what Robinson needed most. ?
9． Discovering human footprints for the first time One day, Robinson accidentally discovered a person's bare footprints on the beach. He seemed to have received a bolt from the blue. He listened attentively and looked around, but he heard nothing and saw nothing.
He ran to the coast and went into the sea to check, but the president only had one footprint! He was so frightened that he fled back to his house like a man being stalked. For three days and three nights, he did not dare to go out. ?
10. Rescue "Friday" One morning, Robinson saw thirty savages dancing around a campfire through the telescope.
They had already cooked one prisoner and were preparing to roast two more on the fire. At this time, Robinson ran down the mountain towards them with two loaded muskets and the big knife, killed two savages, and rescued a prisoner who ran out in time.
Robinson named the man he rescued "Friday" to commemorate the day the savage was rescued. Under Robinson's guidance, "Friday" quickly learned to dress, shoot, speak English, believe in Christ... and became Robinson's most loyal servant and friend. ?
11． Robinson and "Friday" built a canoe. In order to reach the mainland opposite the isolated island, Robinson wanted to build a canoe with "Friday". Since he was eager to think about the boat, he got to work without much thought. As a result, the wooden boat that took several months to be hewn from a big cypress tree was abandoned because it was too big.
A few years later, Robinson learned his lesson and built a smaller canoe along the river, installed a mast and sails, and cut many useful things inside the canoe. A slot to put things in. But because the canoe was too small, Robinson could not take it to the opposite continent and could only use it nearby. ?
12． The father who rescued "Friday". Just as Robinson and "Friday" had finished making the wooden boat and were almost ready to sail the boat, another twenty-one barbarians took three canoes and brought three prisoners to the island. Come up for a banquet. One of the prisoners was a white man, which made Robinson furious.
He loaded two shotguns, four muskets, and two pistols with double ammunition, gave "Friday" a small axe, and gave him a lot of sugarcane wine, which he took with him. He grabbed his machete and rushed down the mountain, killing all the savages. Only four of them escaped. One of the prisoners was "Friday"'s father. ?
13. Leaving the desert island, Robinson gave the white man and "Friday"'s father guns and food, and asked them to take the newly built ship to bring the sailors who were killed on the Spanish ship to the island. While waiting for their return, a British ship anchored near his desert island due to sailors making trouble. Robinson helped the captain regain the ship and returned to England with the captain.
When they left, they took away two honest sailors who also wanted to go back to England, while leaving some of the most troublesome sailors on the island. Later, the Spaniards came back and settled on the island. At first they quarreled and discorded, but after settling down, they eventually established a prosperous colony. A few years later, Robinson visited the island again.
14. Returning to England When Robinson left the island, he had stayed on the island for twenty-eight years, two months, and twenty-nine days. Robinson always thought that he would be overjoyed as soon as he arrived in England, but he did not expect that he would become a stranger there. His parents are both deceased and he regrets that he cannot fulfill his filial piety. Because in addition to the twelve hundred gold coins he had taken from the Spanish ship, he had twenty thousand pounds waiting for him to collect from an honest friend, who was a Portuguese captain.
Before he went on that ill-fated errand, he entrusted the captain with running Robinson's estate in Brazil. Seeing that the captain was so honest, Robinson was very happy and decided to pay him one hundred Portuguese gold coins every year, and after the captain's death, he would pay his son fifty Portuguese gold coins every year as their lifelong allowance.
Extended information
Creative background
The era when Defoe lived was the era when British capitalism began to develop on a large scale. In 1702, he published "Shortcuts to the Elimination of Different Sects", which satirized the government's religious policies. He was arrested and sentenced to the shackles three times. After being released from prison, he engaged in editing newspapers and periodicals, and wrote many political and economic pamphlets. He was arrested three times due to his speech. In 1719, Defoe published his first novel "Robinson Crusoe".
This novel is based on Alexander Selkirk's real experience on a desert island. According to British magazine reports at the time: In April 1704, Selkirk rebelled at sea and was abandoned by the captain on a small island called Mazatier in the Juan Fernandez Islands, more than 900 kilometers away from the coast of Chile. He was discovered by navigators 4 years and 4 months later and rescued.
At that time, Selkirk had forgotten human language and completely turned into a savage. Defoe was inspired by this incident and conceived the story of Robinson. However, in the creation process of the novel, Defoe started from his own perceptions and feelings of the times, and created the image of Robinson with the adventurous and enterprising spirit of the rising bourgeoisie period and the colonial spirit of the 18th century.
Character Introduction
Robinson
In the mid-17th century, Robinson Crusoe was born into a middle-class family in England. According to his father's arrangement, he lived a peaceful and prosperous life relying on his abundant family property. However. Robinson, who wanted to go out and make a living, became a sailor full of adventure and excitement, sailing on the rough and dangerous sea.
Later suffered a shipwreck and ended up living on a desert island. In extreme isolation, Robinson, a British exiled aristocrat, used the geographical indications, astronomical and humanistic observations, diurnal movements and tides trained in the sailor era. Fight against the mysterious nature by changing the boarding method, and on the same day, record your life on the desert island, and wait for opportunities to escape from desperate situations at any time.
Robinson rescued the cannibal boy Friday on Friday, the autonomous calendar day. Friday was brought to the desert island by the cannibals as a sacrificial offering, and he could not return to his tribe. . As the two get along day and night, Robinson slowly changes himself when faced with a person of a different race, religion, and culture from his own, and the two develop a friendship that is both father and friend. This friendship that was missing in the civilized world became Robinson's spiritual pillar during his more than 20 years of desert island life.
Friday
Friday was a savage who was almost eaten by another tribe of savages on the beach, but Robinson saved him in the end. It happened to be Friday, so Robinson named him "Friday". It was also because of their true friendship that he was able to survive and return to his hometown.
Friday is a simple, loyal friend and wise brave man. He repays kindness, is loyal and responsible, and has strong adaptability. He and Robinson work together to use different skills to spend time on the island. Many years later, the arrival of Friday made Robinson realize his dream of returning home, and he became Robinson's assistant. Friday wants to make progress, and he quickly integrates into the life of civilized people. He is an optimistic and lovely person.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Robinson Crusoe