One night in September 1913, a baby cried. In a poor peasant family in Niejiapang Village, Huang'an, Hubei Province, the overjoyed father named the child Nie Min. The child had great hopes, hoping that he would be successful in the future, at least he would not have to be trapped in this village like himself, farming all day long to make a living, and being exploited to death.
This child was later one of the founding generals, General Nie Fengzhi. Due to the poverty of his family and the premature death of his father, Nie Fengzhi had to live a difficult life with his uncle who had long since lost the ability to work; these factors aroused his strong dissatisfaction with the old feudal society.
Therefore, when the 31st Division of the 11th Army of the Red Army called on young people to join the army in January 1929, he actively signed up; unfortunately, he was skinny and skinny from hunger, and coupled with his age, he He was small, with slow bone development and short height. The Red Army company commander at the time did not accept him out of consideration.
But Nie Fengzhi, in order to show his will and determination to join the army, he walked as many miles as he could with the troops every day. When the troops climbed mountains, he also climbed mountains. When the troops crossed rivers, he also crossed rivers. . Not only that, he also relied on his thin body to scout the enemy situation and road conditions for the Red Army in advance, and took the initiative to stand guard for the Red Army when they were resting. Finally, his perseverance and hard work impressed the Red Army company commander and agreed to join him in the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
In October 1934, after the Red Army failed in its fifth counter-encirclement and suppression campaign, the Central Red Army began a strategic shift in order to get rid of the encirclement of the Kuomintang army. In early 1935, Zhang Guotao and the Fourth Red Army had reached the border of Sichuan and Gansu. In order to support the Central Red Army's idea of ??crossing the Jinsha River north, Zhang Guotao and the Fourth Red Army decided to cross the Jialing River westward and abandon the Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Area.
But at this moment, there was a natural chasm blocking their way. That natural chasm was the Jialing River; there was also a human chasm, which was Deng Xihou's troops stationed in Sichuan at that time.
The Jialing River is one of the four major rivers in Sichuan. It flows south through southern Shaanxi and northern Sichuan and flows into the Yangtze River. The terrain along the way is undulating, mostly with high mountains and cliffs. The river surface is wide and the river current is rapid. If you want to Forcibly crossing the Jialing River seems to be a difficult move.
Not only that, the Kuomintang also dispatched 58 regiments of the Sichuan Army Deng Xihou and Tian Songyao to deploy a defense line of more than 600 miles on the west bank of the Jialing River. Relying on its numerical advantage and the steep terrain The Kuomintang tried to block the Fourth Red Army on the east bank of the Jialing River.
At the beginning of the month, the first unit of the 31st Red Army tried to cross the river for the first time. However, due to insufficient preparation, the assault force had successfully penetrated, but the follow-up troops failed to keep up. The first forcible crossing plan failed. . After learning from the first failure, before crossing the river for the second time, various generals and commanders organized soldiers and civilians to choose shipbuilding at Wangduchang, which is more than 30 miles away from Tazi Mountain.
With the support of the people and after more than a month of hard work, the Red Army soldiers finally built more than 100 boats for crossing the river and three bamboo bridges, and also used several dark nights to , carrying and pushing these boats and bridges from Wangdu Mountain to the Red Army's crossing point.
In addition to shipbuilding, Nie Fengzhi also organized his men to conduct forced river crossing training, learn how to row, swim and how to consolidate positions after landing, ensure the safety of subsequent landing teammates, develop tactics in depth, etc. .
On March 28, when the campaign to forcibly cross the Jialing River was launched, Nie Fengzhi led his 271st Regiment, together with other troops, successfully forcibly crossed the Yuanxikou north of Cangxi, and captured in one fell swoop: "Huoshao" Temple", a dangerous position, defeated a brigade of the Kuomintang army.
After Nie Fengzhi won the victory, he immediately advanced towards Jianmen Pass. In conjunction with the Red 30th Army attacking the pass on the right, he attacked Jianmen Pass from the left and successfully annihilated Jianmen Pass. Guarding the enemy's three regiments, and taking advantage of the victory to pursue the victory, they quickly controlled the west bank of the Jialing River, which was about 200 kilometers long from Guangyuan in the north to the south.
The entire battle of forcibly crossing the Jialing River lasted 24 days, annihilating more than 10,000 Kuomintang troops and successfully containing the main force of the Sichuan Army Deng Xihou's troops, which facilitated the subsequent victory of the Central Red Army's crossing of the river.
The decision of Zhang Guotao and the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army to go north was in response to the Party Central Committee's policy of going north. However, just after the Central Red Army and the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army joined forces, Zhang Guotao, a man with arrogant ambitions, blatantly defied the Party Central Committee With the order to go north, he ordered the team that had passed through the grassland to return immediately.
However, the Fourth Red Army was bound to be besieged by the Kuomintang on its way back, so they launched the Tianlu Mountain Battle. Nie Fengzhi led the 271st Regiment as one of the main forces, responding to Zhang Guotao's order and quickly Passed through Jiajin Mountain, captured Baoxing, and then captured Tianlu Mountain with other troops.
In the end, due to Zhang Guotao's wrong guidance, the lack of food and material supplies, and the pursuit and interception of the Kuomintang army, the Fourth Red Army was almost in dire straits.
In July 1936, after the Fourth Red Front Army and the Second Red Army Corps joined forces, due to the severe situation and the determined struggle of leaders such as Zhu De and He Long, Zhang Guotao accepted the Party Central Committee's "go north with the Second Red Front Army" "order.
At this time, Nie Fengzhi had just been transferred to the 279th Regiment as the commander. As soon as the order to go north was given, he immediately led the troops to cross the grassland for the third time. In order to ensure that the vast majority of people can survive the grassland safely, Nie Fengzhi made a rule: "All cadre horses in the regiment and battalion must be given to seriously ill teammates. The horses can only be used to transport dry food or transport Wounded people, as long as you can still walk on two legs, you can stumble and walk even if you support each other."
Undoubtedly, he was the first to take the lead in complying. However, there was a shortage of food on the grassland and the journey was very long. Therefore, when Fengzhi saw some soldiers who were so hungry that they could not walk, he would stop and take out his own rations, maybe small pieces of dry food cakes, or It was half a bowl of fried noodles, and he encouraged them and said, I believe you comrades, there is no difficulty that cannot be overcome in front of our Red Army, and we will definitely be able to walk out of the grass together, come on.
In February 1937, the Red Army troops had basically laid their foundation in northern Shaanxi, and the Kuomintang did not invade heavily for a while. The situation is now relatively peaceful. Therefore, at this time, we must ideologically eliminate those who are disloyal to the party and are in crisis, and Zhang Guotao should be the leader.
In fact, Nie Fengzhi had long expressed his dissatisfaction with Zhang Guotao's forcible change of marching strategy despite the orders of the Party Central Committee: "We must follow the Party wholeheartedly, follow Chairman Mao, and the entire Party must obey the Central Committee. Now there are people who oppose Chairman Mao and want to establish a new Central Committee. How can this be done? The whole party can only have one Central Committee, and it must be Chairman Mao."
He has a deeper understanding of the mistakes made by Zhang Guotao. It was after he carefully studied the "Wrong Decision on Zhang Guotao" issued by the Party Central Committee.
At the meeting criticizing Zhang Guotao’s wrong line in the struggle, he listed that Zhang Guotao not only pursued Wang Ming’s line and engaged in a “left leaning” movement, but also tried to escape when the powerful enemies of the Kuomintang attacked. Not only that, he also used the guise of He suppressed counterrevolutionaries and eliminated dissidents, arbitrarily killing outstanding cadres of the Party and the Red Army who opposed him, and his intention to split the Party and the Red Army was obvious.
Moreover, he blatantly disobeyed the Party Central Committee’s order to go north and ordered the Fourth Red Army, which had been going north for some time, to return. He clearly ignored the danger of these Red Army soldiers.
Finally, Nie Fengzhi concluded at the conference: "The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army must obey the absolute leadership of the Party. The cadres of the Red Fourth Front Army are cadres of the Party. They cannot and absolutely cannot be Zhang Guotao's personal cadres. Zhang Guotao's cadres should be held responsible by himself. Now that the Fourth Red Army has returned to the embrace of the Party Central Committee, we must unite more closely around the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao, and work harder to implement the Party's correct line and Make the right choice and work hard!"
His speech was praised by Liu Bocheng, the commander of the "Western Aid Army" at the time, so much so that when he was awarded the title in Nanjing in 1955, Liu Bocheng specially praised Chen Yi. Speaking of this incident, he said that Comrade Nie Fengzhi was one of the three regiment-level cadres who performed best in the struggle against Zhang Guotao's wrong line at that time.
After several years of fighting, Nie Fengzhi deeply felt that his cultural level was low and he was often unable to make good decisions. However, with the full outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party entered a period of cooperation. The Kuomintang no longer carries out encirclement and suppression campaigns against the Red Army, and no longer needs to run around here and there. Now it only needs to devote itself wholeheartedly to driving away the Japanese invaders.
Nie Fengzhi came up with the idea of ????entering the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political University to systematically study military and political theory. He not only thought so, but also did it. He submitted two applications, but unfortunately he did not know why. The reason has never been answered.
In a fit of anger, he ran towards the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political University without even saying hello. Later, he was caught by Liu Bocheng's people. Liu Bocheng was really angry and funny at the time. You are already a regiment-level cadre, why are you still so free-spirited and can leave whenever you want?
On the other hand, he was very moved by his studious spirit. In the end, he not only sent someone to temporarily replace his position, supported him to go to the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political University, but also gave him eight yuan as travel expenses. .
At the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political University, Nie Fengzhi listened to Chairman Mao's military dialectics, Mr. Chen Changhao's social sciences, and Comrade Xiao Jinguang's guerrilla tactics, etc. Every time he listened to a course, he would It was like an enlightenment for him, and his horizons were widened. After a period of systematic study, Nie Fengzhi's military and political theory has been greatly improved. After graduating in October 1937, he was assigned to the Second Brigade of the Anti-Japanese University as detachment leader and teacher.
In the spring of 1941, Nie Fengzhi was transferred to the third branch of the First Branch of Jiaodong Anti-Japanese University as the principal; and in November of the following year, that is, November 1942, the commander of the Japanese North China Front, Oka Cun Ningci personally flew secretly from Peking to Yantai and secretly arranged the "winter dragnet sweep" of Jiaodong.
The most important thing is to form an iron barrel-shaped encirclement of about 90 kilometers long from north to south and about 75 kilometers long from east to west near the Asan base area. The communists within this range are bound to be surrounded. Catch them all in one fell swoop.
As soon as the military region in the Jiaodong region received the news, they immediately assigned the task of retreating to each branch school; Nie Fengzhi decided to lead the third branch school to quickly move out after transferring the local party and government agencies and mass security cover. Break the encirclement.
One morning, while everyone was eating with food in their hands, a scout came panting and reported that the Japanese army had arrived ten kilometers away. Nie Fengzhi immediately gave an order: No one is allowed to eat anymore. If you still have rice in your hand, take your rice bowl and leave. If the rice is still in the pot and you haven’t scooped it out, please carry the pot with me immediately. It won’t take more than a minute. No delay, set off immediately.
Everyone was puzzled, but they could only carry out the order. Along the way, they heard someone muttering, "Isn't there still ten kilometers left?" Let's have a meal, it only takes a few minutes, can't we leave after finishing it? In just a few minutes, could the Japanese army still have wings to fly over these ten kilometers and fly over to attack us? Nie Fengzhi didn't explain anything, just took the lead and ran wildly.
A few minutes later, the sound of several shells one after another made everyone stop in their tracks. Everyone looked back and saw, my dear, the shells landed exactly where they were sitting and eating.
The person who was muttering just now stopped talking. At this time, Nie Fengzhi explained to everyone while walking. Think about it, the scouts reported that the Japanese army was still ten kilometers away. That was because he was at that place ten kilometers away. , saw the Japanese army, and when he ran back, didn't the Japanese army follow him? Even if the scout arrived a few minutes before the Japanese army, would the Japanese army still be far away if he had already arrived? So how could we not leave right away?
It was precisely because of Nie Fengzhi's prompt decision that the third branch of the first branch of the Anti-Japanese University basically did not suffer any losses when it broke through the encirclement of the Japanese army's winter dragnet.
After Nie Fengzhi led the third branch of the First Branch of the Anti-Japanese University to escape from the encirclement, he led them to attack the Fushan to Qixia section of the Yanqing Highway one after another. He also cooperated with the fifth brigade to conduct anti-mopping operations, forcing the Japanese army to Before the first stage of the sweep was over, more than 500 troops had to be deployed for return defense. Okamura Neji's plan to wipe out all the communists was shattered.
In March 1943, Nie Fengzhi was transferred to the 13th Regiment of the Jiaodong Military Region as the regiment commander. The cage policy implemented by the Japanese and puppet troops at that time - using roads as chains and bunkers as locks - made most generals at that time want to attack the Japanese and puppet troops, but they were unable to do so.
Nie Fengzhi was thinking: If the Japanese army wants to stay in the bunker, they must have supplies. If we can know where to send small teams to provide supplies to the Japanese soldiers in the bunker and small temple, we will get this supply. The team can be considered a contribution.
Just in November, scouts came to report that the puppet army at the post road stronghold in Ye County was going to send a company to deliver supplies to the Japanese troops stationed behind the small temple. As soon as Nie Fengzhi heard the news, he made a prompt decision to An ambush was set up in Shaxian Village, a place where the puppet army must pass for supplies. Not only that, he also personally commanded the third and sixth companies to complete the ambush task.
As soon as the puppet troops entered the ambush circle at six o'clock that morning, Nie Fengzhi gave an order. The sixth company started from the east and the third company started from the west, and rushed towards the puppet troops. After a "beating", the puppet army was divided into two sections. One section ran eastward and the other section ran westward. They were chased by two companies respectively and wiped out.
The entire battle was short in duration and yielded great results. It severely weakened the enemy's spirit. Not only did the fellow commanders and fighters praise him repeatedly, but it also made the Japanese and puppet troops aware of the flaws of their cage policy - if you keep shrinking, We won't beat you inside, but will beat the team responsible for delivering food to you and starve you to death. If you don't want to starve to death, you have to come out.
Wang Tiexiang is a veteran traitor. When the Japanese army ravaged Jiaodong, he worked for the tiger and did countless bad things. However, after Japan surrendered, he actually transformed from a puppet army into a national army. He was also made a lieutenant general by Chiang Kai-shek.
Before attacking Pingdu, the People's Liberation Army conducted a rigorous analysis of Pingdu City. First of all, Pingdu City has a city wall inside, a city gate ring outside, and dozens of bunkers in the city. It is difficult to attack once it is defended. There are still a large number of fortifications on the periphery that are difficult to build.
Then, there is Wang Tiexiang’s troops. Because they have been trained by Japanese officers and equipped with Japanese weapons and equipment, and have strong firepower, they are much more powerful than other enemy troops. Finally, there are troops in Pingdu City. There are more than 6,000 puppet troops and more than 600 Japanese troops. On the surface, the combat effectiveness is still very strong.
Attacking by force is actually not the best policy; therefore, before the People's Liberation Army attacked the city, they issued an ultimatum to King Tiexiang, hoping that he would surrender and avoid unnecessary losses. However, he actually openly shot and killed the person who sent the ultimatum to the People's Liberation Army. As the saying goes He said that the two countries would not cut off the friendship between the two countries, but he aroused the anger of all the soldiers of the People's Liberation Army. The reactionary arrogance was so arrogant that it had to be fought.
On the evening of September 7, the People's Liberation Army began to attack Pingdu; before midnight, the East Pass and West Pass were successively broken through by the People's Liberation Army. More than 600 Japanese soldiers were frightened to death and fled, leaving only Wang Tiexiang and Wang Tiexiang. Thousands of his puppet troops are still huddled in the city.
In order to choose a breakthrough point for the siege, Nie Fengzhi sent people in disguise into the city many times to conduct reconnaissance. Finally, he discovered that there were densely populated private houses outside the west gate wall, which facilitated the concealed approach of the troops. At the same time, there were large areas of private houses in the corresponding city. , the troops can use this as a base to launch battles after entering the city.
On the evening of September 9, Nie Fengzhi and others began to attack the city. The 13th Regiment was the main attacker. Acting commander Xiahou Sumin commanded a battalion and blew up the large attic on the top of the city gate with one shot. The third company of the battalion concentrated all its machine gun firepower to suppress the enemies on both sides of the crenellations of the city wall; the soldiers became more energetic and climbed onto the city gate tower, while the other companies rushed into the city from the west gate.
That night, Pingdu County was filled with the fighting cries of the People's Liberation Army troops and violent gunfire; the battle ended only when the sun came up.
When cleaning the battlefield, the joy on the faces of the soldiers could not be suppressed. This battle of annihilation was done brilliantly. The puppet troops suffered more than 700 casualties and more than 5,000 prisoners. They also captured Wang Tiexiang alive on the spot. When Wang Tiexiang was escorted by soldiers to Nie Fengzhi, Nie Fengzhi asked him if there was anything else he wanted to say. Wang Tiexiang's legs were trembling, his face was pale, and his eyes were dull and he replied: "I deserve it, I deserve it."
In January 1947, the Central China Field Army and the Shandong Field Army merged to form the East China Field Army. At the beginning of the year, the East China Field Army quickly approached Laiwu and Yanzhuang and surrounded the Li Xianzhou Department of the National Army. At about 11 o'clock, the battle started. That night, five columns of the East China Field Army, under the command of Chen Yi and Su Yu, launched a general attack on Laiwu.
The next morning, most of the 77th Division had been annihilated. An investigation actually discovered Li Xianzhou's Lieutenant General and Commander Han Jun of the 73rd Army. In order to entertain the defeated generals who escaped from Laiwu, Nie Fengzhi followed Xu Shiyou's order and opened a bag in Hezhuang. The shouts of "Hand in your guns but not kill" spread all over the mountains and plains, and thousands of the defeated generals were frightened and raised their hands to surrender. .
While taking stock, Nie Fengzhi also got an unexpected gain - Han Liancheng, commander of the 46th Army of the Kuomintang! Just when he was happy, Commander Chen Yi of Huaye called. He was about to report the good news to his superiors.
But Chen Yi's call surprised him: "Let Han Liancheng go immediately, and let him go quietly." Although he was very puzzled, he could only obey the order.
It was not until 1956, when Lieutenant General Nie Fengzhi visited Eastern Europe and passed through Lanzhou, that he once again met Han Liancheng, who was already a Lieutenant General of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. Only then did he know the reason: General Han Liancheng was our party's lurking agent. The Kuomintang's undercover sped up precisely because he gave up command before the battle. The person who contributed to the destruction of the Li Xianzhou Group was responsible.
Nie Fengzhi quickly apologized: The flood almost washed away the Dragon King Temple, and the whole family did not recognize each other. Han Liancheng quickly waved his hands: It’s a credit to you for letting go quickly and quietly, plus Premier Zhou and Mr. Chen did a good job keeping the secret secret, otherwise I would have been torn into pieces by Chiang Kai-shek.
After the outbreak of the Korean War, the Chinese People's Volunteers sent troops to North Korea, and Nie Fengzhi was also appointed as the acting commander of the Volunteer Air Force; the US military invested a large number of new fighter aircraft on the Korean battlefield, and most of the pilots participated in the second war The ace pilot of the war.
The combat effectiveness of the US Air Force can be imagined, and the main combat aircraft of the Volunteer Army at that time were MiG-9 and MiG-15. Not only did they have a small combat radius, but also had low endurance, and the most important thing was the pilot At that time, they were all students who had just graduated from the old aviation school in Northeast China. Their average flying time did not exceed dozens of hours, and some of them had not even completed all the basic driving subjects. One can imagine the huge disparity in combat power between the Volunteer Air Force and the U.S. Air Force.
In a collision with the U.S. Air Force on September 4, the result of 5 to 6 made many generals happy. However, Nie Fengzhi was not satisfied, how could he fight for consumption? Our country has few aircraft, and pilots are even more valuable. There are many US military aircraft, and there are also many pilots with rich flying experience. If this is a one-to-one or one-to-two "exchange", it is not reliable at all.
Nie Fengzhi held a symposium with the participating troops and sincerely proposed to use deployment as a division to seek good strategies to achieve the further goal of fighting a war. On the premise of ensuring his own safety, Nie Fengzhi took the initiative and ordered the volunteer air force to participate in combat every day. Combat is indeed the best weapon to hone the air force.
Later, in the face of the all-out land, sea and air attack organized by Eisenhower, 123 aircraft groups were dispatched, and tens of thousands of aircraft were launched to wildly bomb and straf the volunteer positions, bridges, railways and other transportation facilities, as well as rear bases, etc. At that time, Nie Fengzhi commanded the Volunteer Air Force to launch more than 4,000 sorties. With an absolute disadvantage, he counterattacked the US military aircraft over the Yalu River in one fell swoop, protecting important military targets in northern North Korea and the northeastern border of China, and successfully pushed the air battle line southward. Reaching the line above the Qingchuan River, he made important contributions to the victory of the ground volunteers to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea.
No one knows how much effort Nie Fengzhi put into growing up from a skinny boy from a poor family to the founding lieutenant general of the People's Republic of China. He is just like the protagonist in a martial arts novel. Everywhere he goes, he must grow by one. ability. Learn how to fight, learn military theoretical knowledge, learn how to apply military theoretical knowledge to actual combat, and learn air force knowledge. For people of that era, any one skill was enough for survival, but he mastered so many.