raw materials are divided into two categories. One is forest products, mineral products and marine products in natural form, such as iron ore and crude oil. One is agricultural products, such as grain, cotton, oil and tobacco.
raw materials are raw materials and materials. Raw material generally refers to products from mining, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery; Processed material generally refers to some processed raw materials.
raw materials refer to all kinds of raw materials, main materials, auxiliary materials, fuels, spare parts for repair, packaging materials, outsourced semi-finished products, etc., which are processed to change their shapes or properties in the production process.
raw materials are an important part of enterprise inventory, and there are many varieties and specifications. In order to strengthen the management and accounting of raw materials, it is necessary to classify them scientifically.
raw materials can be divided into: raw materials and main materials, auxiliary materials, outsourced semi-finished products, spare parts for repair, packaging materials and fuel.
raw materials can be divided into three categories according to their storage locations: materials in transit, materials in stock and materials entrusted for processing.
packaging materials are packaging materials. It is used to make packaging containers, packaging decoration, packaging printing, packaging transportation and other materials that meet the packaging requirements of products.
Common classification:
1. Paper packaging materials: wrapping paper honeycomb paper, bag paper, desiccant wrapping paper, honeycomb paperboard, kraft paper industrial paperboard and honeycomb paper core;
2. Plastic packaging materials: PP packaging tape, PET packaging tape, tear film, winding film, sealing tape, heat shrinkable film, plastic film and hollow board;
3. Composite soft packaging materials: soft packaging, aluminized film, iron core wire, aluminum foil composite film, vacuum aluminized paper, composite film and composite paper.
finished products refer to products that have completed all production processes, passed quality inspection and gone through warehousing procedures.
Inventory goods refer to products that have completed all production processes, passed quality inspection and have been accepted and put into storage.
both finished products and goods in stock are finished products, and the main difference lies in whether they have been put into storage. Both of them are suitable for evaluation by cost method and market method. ?
finished products, also known as "finished products". Refers to the products that have completed all the production processes in an enterprise, passed the inspection according to the prescribed standards and are available for sale.
finished products refer to the products that the enterprise has completed all the production processes, accepted and put into storage and meet the standard specifications and technical conditions, and can be sent to the ordering unit according to the conditions stipulated in the contract, or can be sold as commodities.
finished product cost: finished product is the part of production cost that is allocated to finished products, that is, the part that is deducted from products (including semi-finished products).
The "finished product" account is an asset account, which accounts for the actual costs of various finished products in the enterprise inventory.
category is the subdivision of commodity categories.
such as: tea series: PET35/5/125/15/2
ice series: PET35/5/125/15/2
fresh daily C series: pet 3/5/125/15. Similar to a bar code in FMCG, it represents a specification.
pet is packaging, as follows:
Stock Keeping Unit. That is, the basic unit of inventory in and out measurement, which can be pieces, boxes and pallets?
etc. It is used to price and manage inventory. For example, a product has many colors and configurations, and each combination of colors and configurations will form a new product, which will generate many SKUs. For example, in Apple's mobile phone, 128g local gold in Apple 6 is a sku, and 128g black in Apple 6 is another sku.
sku is also a very common concept in traditional offline industries, especially in footwear and clothing industries. Different sizes and colors of the same model are independent SKUs, which need independent bar codes and independent inventory management.
has now been extended to the abbreviation of unified product number, and each product has a unique SKU number.
SKU is a necessary method for DC (distribution center) logistics management of large supermarket chains, and it is also widely used in clothing and footwear products.
differences among categories, varieties, items and SKUs
DC (Distribution Center) is a modern circulation facility to realize distribution business.
"goods allocation" in distribution is the main business of the distribution center, which is completely completed by it;
and the delivery can be completely undertaken by it (self-delivery, self-owned vehicles or social vehicles), and can also be completed by social freight enterprises (third-party transportation).
According to the national standard logistics terminology of the People's Republic of China, logistics places and organizations engaged in distribution business should meet the following conditions:
1. Mainly serving specific users;
2. The distribution function is sound;
3. Perfect information network;
4. The radiation range is small;
5. Variety and small batch;
6. Give priority to distribution, supplemented by storage.
The main business of the staff responsible for the distribution, transportation and configuration of logistics goods:
1. Purchase operation:
1. Grasp the arrival date, variety and quantity of goods;
2 accurately predict the arrival schedule of delivery trucks;
3 coordinate the inbound and outbound traffic problems with the parking information;
4 plan the truck parking position;
5 plan the temporary storage location in advance;
second, order processing:
order data confirmation, inventory inquiry and document processing;
3. Picking operations:
1. Formation of picking data
2. Walking or handling
3. Picking
4. Classification and concentration;
IV. Replenishment operations:
1 Replenishment methods: full container replenishment, pallet replenishment, and replenishment between shelves;
2 replenishment process
3 replenishment timing: batch replenishment, regular replenishment and random replenishment;
4 application of replenishment method;
5. Distribution operation;
VI. Delivery operation:
1. Divide the basic delivery area
2. Vehicle stowage
3. Tentative delivery sequence
4. Vehicle arrangement
5. Select delivery route
6. Determine the final delivery sequence
7. Complete vehicle stowage: define the order content, understand the nature of the goods, specify the specific delivery location, properly select the delivery vehicles, and.
Warehouse Management System
Warehouse Control System, located in the middle layer between WMS and logistics equipment, is responsible for coordinating and scheduling all kinds of logistics equipment at the bottom, so that the logistics equipment at the bottom can execute the business process of the warehouse system.
Logistics Management System.
supplier relationship management, supplier relationship management
Enterprise Resource Planning, enterprise resource planning system
Manufacturing Execution System, production execution system
process approval system, and some receipt and issue documents come from this system.
Incoming Quality Control refers to incoming quality inspection department or personnel.
Final Quality? Control, final quality control, here refers to the inspection department or personnel of production.
Bill Of Material bill of materials, which refers to the component material details needed to produce work order products.
Vendor Managed Inventory, vendor managed inventory.
Just In Time, just-in-time production mode.
Personal Digital Assistant, a handheld computer, here refers to a mobile data collector that can scan the input for warehousing operation, which is a warehouse operation tool.
Purchase Order, purchase order.
Sales order, sales order
Delivery note, delivery order
Serial Number, product serial number, which is the product ID number.
Daily Production Schedule, daily production plan
A document with a single number beginning with TL, which is used to return materials from a work order and originated from ERP.
A document with a single number beginning with BL is a document used to supplement a work order. When there is a BL document, there must be a TL document, and the relationship between the two documents can be identified from the single number, such as: material return number TL177211, material supplement number BL177211, and the document is from ERP.
Radio Frequency Identification, electronic tag is also called radio frequency tag, transponder and data carrier.
goods to person or goods to man, g2p or g2m, in the process of logistics picking, people don't move, and the goods are automatically delivered to the picker for people to pick.
seed sorting is to summarize multiple orders according to specified conditions and generate a batch for sorting. The batch of this operation is usually called "wave number" in the industry. This batch of orders has a uniform batch number.
in order to achieve high work efficiency, seeding sorting generally wants to summarize more orders per wave. However, due to the following reasons, the number of orders summarized in each wave is not as high as possible.
1 time limit for order completion
In general, the order completion time in the distribution center (the time from order confirmation to the completion of goods sorting and packing) should be as short as possible. If there are too many orders in one wave, the order completion time is bound to be longer, which will delay the delivery time agreed with customers.
2 Feasibility of cargo handling and transportation
If there are many orders in one wave, the quantity and volume of goods with high item overlap are often large, which makes handling and transportation very difficult.
3 condition of overlapping degree of items between orders
If a wave summarizes many orders, and the overlapping degree of important items of these orders is very low, there will be many empty trips and invalid actions during seeding operation, then the working efficiency of seeding sorting will be very low.
the field name corresponding to the production line processing "station" in the ERP system.
production return
research and development acquisition
finished product
finished product delivery
material return
acquisition
purchase return
delivery delivery delivery
sales return
4, bulk cargo
5, and location
refined location management. Multi-warehouse management
multi-level container
batch
batch management
expiration date
expiration date management
first in,first out, First in first out
BOM structure
putting on shelves
8, warehousing
9, warehousing
1, picking
11, picking containers
12, warehouse area
13, standard SOP
14, Production plan
inventory allocation
replenishment
inventory
automatic wave sub
quality inspection
material in and out of warehouse
platform
receiving channel
logistics people
cross-docking
temporary storage area
loading and unloading yard
platform adjustment board.