Yanmen County: King Wuling of Zhao established the county during the Warring States Period, and the place where the Qin and Western Han Dynasties were governed was Shanwu (now Youyunan, Shanxi). It is equivalent to the area north of Hequ, Wuzhai and Ningwu counties in Shanxi today, west of Hengshan Mountain, and south of Huangqihai and Daihai in Inner Mongolia. The Eastern Han Dynasty moved to Zhiyin Guan (now northwest of Dai County, Shanxi).
The origin of "文"
There are five sources:
1. It comes from the surname Ji, which is a surname named after a posthumous title. According to relevant materials such as "Customs", in the late Shang Dynasty, the Zhou people living in the Weihe River Basin gradually became stronger. Shang King Wen Ding felt threatened by the Zhou people, so he found an excuse to kill Ji Li, the leader of the Zhou people (surnamed Ji). After Ji Li's son Ji Chang came to the throne, he worked hard to govern and won the support of the people. He was named Xibo by King Zhou of Shang Dynasty. Because Xibo's reputation was too high, King Zhou found an excuse to imprison Xibo and later released him. After Xibo returned to the Zhou Dynasty, assisted by the virtuous minister Jiang Shang, he successively annexed Yu, Rui, Li (southwest of today's Changzhi, Shanxi), Chong (north of today's Songxian County, Henan) and other countries, and built Fengyi (west of Fengshui today in Chang'an, Shaanxi). ), as the capital, formed a situation of "three-thirds of the world", and its strength exceeded the Shang Dynasty. Xibo reigned for 50 years. After his death, his son King Wu of Zhou inherited his legacy, completed the great cause of destroying Shang, and established the Zhou Dynasty in the 11th century BC with its capital in Hao (today's east of Fengshui, Chang'an, Shaanxi). , posthumously named Xibo King Wen of Zhou. Among the descendants of King Wen, there were those who took his posthumous title "Wen" as their surname and were called Wen's family. It is the Wen family of Shaanxi.
2. It comes from Wenzi, a general of the Zhou Dynasty. According to "A Survey of Surnames" and other records, the Wei State (a vassal state with the surname Ji that was enfeoffed by the Zhou Dynasty) established in the early Western Zhou Dynasty first established its capital in Chaoge (now Qixian County, Henan Province), and then moved its capital to Chuqiu (now Huaxian County, Henan Province). , and later moved the capital to Diqiu (now Puyang, Henan), which was destroyed by Qin in 209 BC). By the time of Duke Xiang of Wei in the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a general named Sun Wenzi, who was a very prestigious figure. Sun Wenzi's descendants The ancestral name is surname, and he is called Wenshi. He is the Wenshi of Henan.
3. Comes from the surname Jiang, after Uncle Jiang Wen, a descendant of Emperor Yan. According to relevant information, at the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty granted Uncle Wen, a Miao descendant of Taiyue, a descendant of Emperor Yan, to Xu (in today's Xuchang City, Henan Province) and established the Xu Kingdom as a vassal state with the surname Jiang. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Xu State was forced by Zheng Chu and moved its capital four times. In 576 BC, it moved to Ye (southwest of today's Ye County, Henan Province), in 553 BC, it moved to Chengfu (southeast of today's Bo County, Anhui Province), and in 529 BC, it moved to Ye again. In 524 BC, he moved to Baiyu (now Xixia, Henan). In 506 BC, he moved to Rongcheng (southeast of today's Lushan County, Henan). In the early years of the Warring States period, he was destroyed by Chu (one theory is that he was destroyed by Wei), and his descendants were scattered. In addition to the surnames that are based on the original name of the country, Xu, there are also those who are named after the founding monarch of the Xu Kingdom, Uncle Wen, which is the surname Wen.
4. It comes from the surname (female) and is the descendant of (female) Manchu. It is a surname named after the posthumous title. During the Warring States Period, there was an aristocrat named Tian Wen from the State of Qi (today's Shandong Province), who was the grandson of King Wei of Qi. He was known as Lord Mengchang. He had thousands of diners under his family and was a famous politician at that time. Later, the noble Tian Jia of the Qi State rebelled, and Lord Mengchang fled to the State of Wei (a vassal state in the Western Zhou Dynasty, north of Ruicheng, Shanxi today), where he served as prime minister and was given the posthumous title Wenzi after his death. Later generations also took "Wen" as their surname, and they became the Shanxi Wen family.
5. Changing the surname out of respect for the surname is taboo. During the Five Dynasties and later Jin Dynasty, in order to avoid the name taboo of Shi Jingtang, the founder of the Jin Dynasty, the surname "Jing" was changed to "Wen". For example, Wen Yanbo and Wen Tianxiang in the Song Dynasty, their ancestors (during the Tang and Five Dynasties) all had the surname Jing. The Wen surname was distributed as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, when people of the Wen clan moved to the Jianghuai area. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, a man from Chu State served as a doctor in the State of Yue, assisting King Gou Jian of Yue. The king and his ministers worked hard to become stronger, and finally destroyed the State of Wu. In the Western Han Dynasty, Lujiang Shu County (now Lujiangxi, Anhui) was a cultural figure who served as the governor of Shu in the last years of Emperor Jing. He contributed to the development of local culture. One of his descendants developed and multiplied in Sichuan. From the Western Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period, the Wen family living in Henan were mainly distributed in Kaifeng, Nanyang, Yongcheng, Gushi and other places. In the southeast of Gushi County, there are ruins of the ancient city of Wen, where cultural relics of the Han Dynasty were unearthed, and it is said that it has been the place where the Wen clan has lived for generations. After the Tang Dynasty, the Wen family was widely distributed across the country and was said to be popular in Shanxi and Jiangnan. According to research, the surname Wen ranks 100th among the most common Han surnames in China. Recently, there are overseas Chinese with literary surnames in Singapore and other countries.
County Wangtang hall names: Xinguotang and Zhengqitang: In the Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang was the prime minister of Zuo, and he was the Marquis of Xinguo. He entered Chaoyang, and Zhang Hongfan, the general of the Yuan Dynasty, concealed his presence. Wen Tianxiang was captured, and he remained unyielding for three years and wrote "Song of Zhengqi". 》.