The Mongols call themselves "Mongolia". The name "Mongolia" was earlier recorded in "Old Tang Book" and "Khitan Chronicles", and it means "eternal fire". Also known as: "Horseback Nation". The Mongolian people originated in the Ergun River Basin and were known as "Mengwu Shiwei" and "Menggu" in history.
The Mongols are mainly distributed in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the rest are distributed in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other provinces and regions. The population is 4.806849 (the fourth census in 1990), of which 13,000 are from Yunnan. They live in Xinmeng Township, Tonghai County, and are divided into 5 natural villages: Zhongcun, Xiacun, Baige, Jiaoyiwan and Taojiazui. It was the early Yuan Dynasty. Descendants of the Mongolian ethnic group left in Yunnan following Kublai Khan's war. It has a history of more than 740 years since the Tonghai Mongols came to the banks of Tonghai Qilu Lake and the foot of Fengshan Mountain on the Yunnan Plateau from the northwest prairie of their motherland. For more than 700 years, it has lived in harmony and had friendly exchanges with people of all ethnic groups. With the spirit of self-reliance and national cohesion, it has overcome various difficulties and obstacles and built the shores of Qilu Lake and the foothills of Fenghuang Mountain into a land of plenty.
Animal husbandry is the main economy that the Mongolian people have relied on for their long-term survival and development. In addition, processing, agriculture and industry are also engaged. Now it is mainly farming. Mongolian people are good at singing and dancing, and folk songs are divided into long and short tunes. The main musical instrument is the Morin Khuur. Love wrestling sports. Mongolian yurts and lele carts are their companions in nomadic life.
Language and writing: The Mongolian people have their own language and writing. Mongolian language belongs to the Mongolian language family of the Altaic language family, and has three dialects: Inner Mongolian, Oirat, and Barhu Buryat. The current commonly used script was created using the Uighur alphabet in the early 13th century. At the beginning of the 14th century, the Mongolian scholar Chokyi Osil reformed the original script and became the standardized Mongolian script that is still used today. The Mongolian people in Yunnan speak Yi and Chinese, and their Mongolian language is roughly similar to the Mongolian language in the north.
The press, publishing, broadcasting, drama, and film industries in Mongolian language have also developed considerably. "Secret History of Mongolia" and other classics have been identified as world-famous cultural heritage by UNESCO; the famous heroic epic "Jianggar" is one of China's three major heroic epics; "Yinshan Zhengyao" is listed as a contribution to world civilization One of the outstanding important medical inventions.
Main distribution areas: Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Qinghai, Hebei, Henan and other places.
Taboos
Mongolians are not allowed to ride fast when approaching a yurt on horseback or driving, so as not to disturb the herd; if there is a fire or a red cloth hanging in front of the door, it means If there is a sick person or a pregnant woman in this house, outsiders are prohibited from entering; guests cannot sit on the Western Kang, because the west is the direction for worshiping the Buddha; it is forbidden to eat the meat of dead animals, donkey meat, dog meat, and white horse meat; avoid red and white colors during funerals. Avoid black and yellow colors during happy events; avoid baking feet, shoes, socks, and pants on a brazier; prohibit smoking, spitting, touching ritual objects, classics, Buddha statues, and making loud noises when visiting temple sutra halls and altar halls. Hunting is also not allowed near the monastery.
Customs
Offering hada is also a noble etiquette of the Mongolian people. When offering a hada, the giver should bow down and hold it with both hands and hand it to the other person. The recipient should also bow down and receive it with both hands or bow to let the giver hang the hada around his neck and express his gratitude.
Mongolian people pay great attention to etiquette and rules in hospitality. For example, when eating hand-made mutton, the mutton's pipa bone with meat and four long ribs are usually served to the guests. If beef is served to guests, a piece of meaty spine, half a rib and a piece of fat intestine are given to the guests. The most solemn thing to entertain guests is the whole sheep feast. The whole sheep feast includes sacrum, limbs, ribs, thoracic vertebrae, sheep head, and in some areas, sheep heart, liver, rectum and tripe are added. The preparation method is to pour all parts of the whole sheep into a large pot. After the water temperature rises, add a certain amount of cooked yogurt and bring to a simmer, stirring frequently. Boil the intestines, tripe, heart, liver and cooked sheep head in a separate pot. Serve with additional seasonings. When the banquet begins, the cooked parts are placed on a large plate with the tail facing outward. The sheep's head should be engraved with "ten", which symbolizes good luck and good luck, and is served to the table. When eating, the host should ask the guests to cut the sacral bones, or the elders should cut them with a knife first, and then everyone can eat them together. Before a girl gets married, her mother's family must cook mutton breast for her to eat as a farewell gesture.
In the past, roasted whole lamb was mostly used for ceremonies or sacrifices to Aobao. Now it has become a special dish for grand festivals or to welcome distinguished guests.
Mongolian naming customs: With the prosperity and development of society, economy, and culture, Mongolians are increasingly aware of the symbolic role of names. The characteristics of men’s naming are: 1. According to national psychological habits Names, such as Timur, Geser, Battelle, etc.; second, name according to the expectations of the elders, such as: Jiyasaiyin (good luck), Bayar (joy), Baiyin (rich), Jirigele (happiness), etc. Third, name the baby according to the age of the elders when the baby was born, such as: Binta (fifty), Jirentai (sixty), Daleng (seventy), etc. Fourth, name the baby after the names of brave animals, such as: Shaobu (bird), Ba La (Tiger), China (Wolf), Abulsilang (Lion), Bu Rigude (Eagle), etc. Five, named according to the names of natural things, such as: Chaolu (stone) Agulla (mountain) Muren (river) ) Tara (field), etc. Women: 1. Named after bright stars, such as: Naren (sun), Saren (moon), Ao Dun (stars), Naren Gaowa (beautiful as the sun), Saren Gaowa ( (beautiful as the moon), etc., second, named after beautiful flowers and trees, such as: Sarilanghua (Mountain Flower), Qiqige (flower), Nabuqi (leaf), Begonia, etc., third, named after jewelry and jade, such as Four lts: Haas (jade), Tana (pearl), Alatangaowa (beautiful as gold); named after ideals, such as Siqin (smart), Wuyun (wisdom), Gaowa (beautiful), Siqingaowa (beautiful) Intelligent), etc. According to this method, Mongolian women's names can be divided into many types. The biggest feature of modern Mongolian names is that they do not have a name prefix, so they are just names and should not be understood as names. There are very few with surnames. prefix, that’s just an isolated phenomenon.