"Hu Gong", "Shaoshan", "Feifei", "Zhou Xiang", "Weisi", "Damei", "Zhao Lai", "Guansheng", "Guan", "Wu", "Hu Bicheng", etc.
The great man Zhou Enlai was born in a scholarly family. According to the habits and traditions of the time, he had to take many names. Later, after engaging in the revolutionary cause, due to the needs of the struggle, he also used some pseudonyms. These names all have certain origins or interesting meanings.
Zhou Enlai’s naming can be divided into three stages. The first stage is his childhood in his hometown of Huai'an. Zhou Enlai's name and nickname were all given to him by his family or his tutor. The main names include his nickname "Dayuan", his scientific name "Enlai" and his nickname "Xiangyu".
The second stage is his study and early revolutionary period. During this period, he used "Yang Yuzi", "Yang Yu", "Feifei", "Wu Hao", etc.
The other names are basically pseudonyms in the third stage, that is, when he led the underground struggle, so there are more. The ones that can be known now include "Hu Gong", "Shaoshan", "Feifei" and "Zhou" Xiang", "Weisi", "Damei", "Zhao Lai", "Guansheng", "Guan", "Wu", "Hu Bicheng", etc.
In the summer of 1912, Zhou Enlai graduated from the government Dongguan Model Second Class Primary School in Fengtian Province (today's Liaoning Province). He was about to separate from his classmate and friend Guo Sining. At Guo Sining's request, Zhou Enlai wrote an inscription for him. He gave the parting words of "Working together, we can achieve a bright future". Zhou Enlai's inscription on this inscription is "Yang Yuzi Shu".
"Yangyu" was formed by Zhou Enlai splitting the word "xiang" in his character "xiangyu", and "zi" was a good name for men in ancient times. According to Song Yanyu, the principal of the former No. 6 Middle School in Shenyang City (the predecessor of Dongguan Model School), he told the author that when Zhou Enlai was studying at Dongguan Model School, he also used the signature "Yang Yu" when interacting with classmates.
Zhou Enlai's pen name "Feifei" was chosen when he was in his second year at Nankai School in Tianjin, and was derived from "Soaring the Universe". At that time, he, together with his classmates Zhang Ruifeng and Chang Ceou, initiated and organized the Jingye Music Group Meeting. He founded and presided over the publication of the magazine "Jingye".
In the column "Long Fei Man Mo" of the 4th issue of "Jieye" published in April 1914, Zhou Enlai published "Comments on the Seven Rhymes of Yue Shaobao Temple" and "Comments on the Poems of Huaiyin Marquis Diaoyutai", etc. Several articles made his pen name "Feifei" attract the attention of teachers and students in the school.
In 1919, shortly after Zhou Enlai returned from Japan, it was at the height of the May Fourth Movement. In order to unite the progressive youth forces in Tianjin at that time, Zhou Enlai, together with Chen Zhidu, Ma Jun, Liu Qingyang, Li Yitao and others, organized the Tianjin Progressive Youth Group Awakening Society.
The earliest members of the Awakening Society were only 20 people. In order to show equality between men and women, the 20 members are evenly divided between men and women. In addition, in order to facilitate the communication and contact within the awakening society and the safety and confidentiality of the revolutionary struggle, it was decided to set up 50 numbers, and use the number drawn by each person as his or her code name by drawing lots, leaving the remaining 30 numbers for Later attendees.
As a result, Zhou Enlai drew No. 5 and Deng Yingchao drew No. 1. This is the origin of Zhou Enlai's nickname "Wu Hao", and Deng Yingchao later used the nickname "Yi Hao" for the same reason.
When Chiang Kai-shek ordered Hu Zongnan to attack Yan'an in March 1947, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Ren Bishi and others formed the Central Front Committee to lead and direct the national liberation war in northern Shaanxi.
At that time, they faced an army of more than 200,000 people commanded by Hu Zongnan, while the Northwest Field Army commanded by Peng Dehuai remained in northern Shaanxi with only more than 20,000 people.
In order to allow the Northwest Field Army to move freely, the Central Front Committee was not organized together with the Northwest Field Army, but acted independently under the escort of four guard companies led by Wang Dongxing.
In order to confuse the enemy, they were sometimes called the "Nine Columns" and sometimes the "Third Detachment", and the main leaders all had pseudonyms. Among them, Mao Zedong was called "Li Desheng" and Zhou Enlai was called "Hu Bicheng".
Extended information:
Zhou Enlai’s contribution:
During the new democratic revolution, Comrade Zhou Enlai created the people’s army and revolutionary unity for the Chinese Communist Party front and established a new China in which the people are the masters of the country and established immortal contributions.
During the Great Revolution, he outstandingly led the military and political work of the National Revolutionary Army, the local government work in Guangdong, and the Shanghai workers’ armed uprising that shocked China and foreign countries. He became the first leader of our party to understand the importance of armed struggle and the first leader to engage in military work. One of the people.
After the failure of the Great Revolution, he led the world-famous August 1st Nanchang Uprising, firing the first shot of armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries, and the people's army led by the party was born.
After the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, as the leader who actually presided over the work of the Party Central Committee, he tactfully and bravely defended the Party’s central organs under extremely dangerous conditions, protected a large number of the Party’s leading backbones, and developed the Party’s leadership in the White House. secret work in the district and supported the armed separatist regime of workers and peasants.
He actively explored the correct path of the Chinese revolution, clearly proposed the idea of ??"rural center", and made outstanding contributions to the formation of the path of "rural areas surrounding cities and armed seizure of power".
In the Jiangxi Central Revolutionary Base Area, he, together with Comrade Zhu De and others, successfully commanded the fourth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, creating new experience in large-corps ambush and annihilation campaigns.
During the Long March of the Red Army, at the Zunyi Conference of far-reaching historical significance, he unequivocally supported Comrade Mao Zedong’s correct propositions, in order to establish Comrade Mao Zedong’s leadership position in the Red Army and the Party Central Committee, and to save the Red Army in danger. , played an important role in saving the party.
After the Xi'an Incident broke out, at a critical moment when the nation was in danger, he went to Xi'an in accordance with the established policies of the Party Central Committee, and promoted the peaceful resolution of the Xi'an Incident in an extremely complex and difficult environment, and contributed to the establishment of the Nationalist Congress. A new situation of cooperation and unity in the fight against Japan.
During the Anti-Japanese War, he represented our party and persisted in working in the areas governed by the Kuomintang for a long time. He was responsible for negotiating with the Kuomintang authorities, extensively uniting patriotic people from all walks of life, upholding and developing the anti-Japanese national united front, and fighting against the Kuomintang die-hards. A courageous and resourceful struggle.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, in order to stop the civil war, he accompanied Comrade Mao Zedong to Chongqing for peace negotiations with the Kuomintang. Later, he led our party delegation to launch a reasonable and well-controlled political struggle with the Kuomintang authorities.
During the War of Liberation, he assisted Comrade Mao Zedong in strategizing. He promoted the formation of the second front, moved to northern Shaanxi, commanded a series of strategic decisive battles that changed China's destiny, prepared for the convening of the new CPPCC, and presided over the drafting of the "* He has made outstanding contributions in work such as the "Community Program".
After the founding of New China, Comrade Zhou Enlai served as Prime Minister of the Government Affairs Council and Prime Minister of the State Council for 26 years, actively exploring a path of socialist construction that suited our country's national conditions.
Comprehensively organize and implement various socialist construction undertakings, work diligently and exhaustively, and invest a lot in various fields such as politics, economy, diplomacy, national defense, united front, science and technology, culture, education, journalism, health, sports and other fields. He worked hard and made a foundational contribution.
While leading the construction and development of New China, he emphasized that economic construction "occupies a primary position" in the life of the entire country. If a country cannot be completely independent economically, it cannot be completely independent politically. .
He emphasized the need to correctly handle various relationships and achieve overall planning, comprehensive arrangements, comprehensive balance, and coordinated development; he emphasized that "our country must not only have economic construction, but also political construction and spiritual construction." , building socialism must develop in an all-round way;
Emphasis on the importance of environmental protection, not sacrificing the environment for economic development, and not doing things that will disgrace future generations.
He attaches great importance to the key role of science, technology and intellectuals in socialist construction, emphasizing that "the key to realizing modernization and building our country into a powerful socialist country lies in the modernization of science and technology" and "intellectuals are the core of society." An indispensable and important force for the victory of socialist construction."
He organized and led the "two bombs and one satellite" large-scale scientific and technological breakthroughs to achieve major breakthroughs, which greatly enhanced our country's comprehensive national strength and international status.
He attached great importance to foreign trade and learning advanced foreign technologies, emphasizing that “learning from foreign countries must be combined with originality.”
He attaches great importance to the role of the united front in socialist revolution and construction. He often listens to the opinions of democratic parties and non-party patriots, and strives to uphold and improve the multi-party leadership of the Communist Party of China. The system of cooperation and political consultation has made important contributions.
He always kept in mind the great cause of the reunification of the motherland and did a lot of basic and pioneering work to solve the problems of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. He effectively led the foreign affairs work of the party and the country.
Initiated the Five Principles of Peaceful International Cooperation, followed the principle that all countries are equal regardless of their size, and promoted our country to actively develop friendly and cooperative relations with other countries, especially developing countries, so that our friends can be found all over the world. . His broad and profound diplomatic thoughts, colorful diplomatic practices, and unique diplomatic art and style have won a high reputation for the party and the country in the international community.
China Communist Party News Network - Names and pseudonyms used by Zhou Enlai
China Communist Party News Network - Hu Jintao's symposium in commemoration of the 110th anniversary of the birth of Comrade Zhou Enlai