Customs and customs of Taiwan Province Taiwan has been gradually developed since the large-scale immigration of people from Fujian and Guangdong in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Although the Japanese colonists tried their best to implement national assimilation, they encountered stubborn resistance from the Taiwanese compatriots. After the Kuomintang moved to Taiwan, a large number of people from the mainland came to Taiwan. Therefore, the living habits and social customs of Taiwan's Han compatriots are basically the same as those on the mainland, and generally maintain the characteristics of the Fujian and Guangdong regions. Food, clothing, housing and transportation 1 Clothing and accessories. In the past, rural men and women mostly wore Hanfu. Women in middle age and above like to wear long gowns or shorts; elderly people like to wear green and black clothes or fragrant cloud yarn; suits and leather shoes began to spread to the countryside during the Japanese rule, and have become quite popular in the past few decades. Some urban women wear cheongsam and other national costumes. At present, young people mostly wear suits or Hong Kong shirts and trousers. Rural men and women often wear hats or wrap towels to protect themselves from the wind and sun. 2. Diet. Taiwanese residents eat rice as their staple food for three meals a day. During festivals, guests are usually entertained with sumptuous food and wine such as chicken and duck. Taiwanese residents are all fond of wine. When offering sacrifices to gods and entertaining guests, good wine is a must. At the turn of spring and summer, and autumn and winter, Chinese medicines are often used to stew animal foods to refresh and replenish the body. Dishes are often seasoned with MSG, sugar, etc. The restaurant operates Sichuan, Guangdong, Beijing, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Fujian and other regional flavor dishes. The current living standard of Gaoshan compatriots is still low, and some still rely on taro and sweet potatoes as their staple food. 3 residence. The styles of houses in Taiwan can be roughly divided into three types: Chinese, Western and Japanese. The Chinese style is a bungalow, mostly in southern Fujian style, including one-dragon, windlass handle, three-heyuan, four-heyuan, etc. With Zhuoshui Creek as the boundary, the rural villages are scattered in the north and residential in the south. Most of them are built in mountain valleys near the water to avoid wind and sand. Most Western-style buildings are made of bricks in the past, but in recent years most of them have been changed to reinforced concrete. In Japanese style, "tatami" is spread in bungalows. Most of the houses in the towns are Western-style. With the development of industry and commerce in recent years, new apartments have increased rapidly, and high-rise buildings are lined up in rows. However, due to the rapid growth of population, the housing problem has not been fundamentally solved, and many people still live in simple shacks. 4. Walk. Currently, the most popular means of transportation in Taiwan are bicycles and motorcycles. In recent years, the number of cars, planes, ships, and trains has increased, making it more convenient, and private cars have increased in large numbers. Taxis are widely available in towns and cities. Many buses are equipped with air conditioning. However, transportation is still inconvenient in most rural areas, and sailboats and sampans are still needed in places with many rivers. There is no way to go in mountainous areas, so we can only climb and trek along mountain roads. Coming-of-age Ceremony 1 Coming-of-age Ceremony of the Gaoshan Tribe Among the Gaoshan Tribe, the coming-of-age ceremony is only for men. In their view, adulthood is the most glorious turning point in life, which means maturity, independence and social responsibility. All ethnic groups attach great importance to coming-of-age rituals. Although the rituals vary in complexity and simplicity, they all aim to advocate bravery and endeavor and encourage young people to hone their talents. The Atayal people's coming-of-age ceremony is relatively simple. Around November of each year, adult men are changed into adult clothes by their parents, wearing red velvet blouses, colorful thongs, with Cambodian hair on the top, red silk square temples, choose an auspicious day, and carry bows and arrows, knives, and wine. Cake and others gathered in the leader's courtyard to listen to the leader recall the great achievements of his ancestors, teach the tactics of encirclement, interception, ambushes, and traps, etc., and swear to abide by the ancestral precepts and carry them forward. Finally, there is a banquet, singing and dancing. These sworn boys became adults and could participate in tribal warfare, farming and hunting and other major activities. The coming-of-age ceremony of the Bunun people is held on the same day as the Harvest Festival. Adult men linked arms in a circle around a respected elder, listening to him recall the history and heroic deeds of their ancestors' battles, and then took turns to drink a large glass of newly brewed millet wine. Before drinking, each person declares his or her name and family tree, then raises the glass high and drinks it all in one gulp. Only those who can drink a large glass of wine in one go can be called a man. The coming-of-age rituals of the Amis vary from tribe to tribe. One of them is a race ritual. It is also usually held during the Harvest Festival. The race course is about five or six miles, and the road is bumpy and bumpy, with mountains, plains and beaches. The young men wore ginger leaf rings to ward off evil spirits, were shirtless, and wore white thongs around their waists, looking majestic. At the command, the young men all competed for the lead, like galloping horses, in a fierce competition. Along the way, relatives or lovers cheered and brought cakes and wine as rewards. There was a warrior at the back supervising the formation, holding a spear in one hand and a white chicken in the other. He kept plucking the feathers with his holding hand and throwing them on the backs of those who fell behind, praying for God's help.
At the same time, he shouted loudly: "The ancestors are with you, good luck comes with the gods, run!" After a fierce chase, the man who won the first place was appointed as the leader of the adult age level, and then led everyone to bathe in the seaside, Pray to the sea god to purify the body and mind and grant invincible strength. At the same time, let the spear be washed with sea water to wipe away the evil spirits and obtain indestructible spiritual energy. From then on, men who have passed the test of racing must join the club for rigorous training and be promoted step by step. The Cao people's coming-of-age ceremony is also held at the Harvest Festival. At that time, the adult young men have to undergo the test of "stick management", that is, the tribal elders hold the cane and slap the young men's buttocks one by one, and sternly reprimand: "Don't be playful, such as being lazy." , Keep in mind the teachings of our ancestors! "The young men should accept the beating silently without showing any signs of pain. Then they will go around the village with the elders, and then return to the clubhouse to sing and dance all night long. From then on, he changed into adult clothes, wearing a deerskin hat, breast pocket, shawl, bra, and a long knife on his waist, just like a warrior. Beinan people have to go through two coming-of-age ceremonies in their lives. The first coming-of-age ceremony is also called the Juvenile Promotion Club Ceremony, also known as the Monkey Festival. It usually takes place in November after the early rice harvest and lasts for ten days. The main ceremonies are: road cleaning. Afterwards, each held a stick and went from house to house to exorcise evil spirits, and received youth-level stick-arm training. On the third day, a solemn monkey killing ceremony is held. After being promoted to the Junior Club, he officially wore a black sash. The second coming-of-age ceremony is held on the tenth day after the Monkey Festival. The Coming of Age Festival, also known as the Great Hunting Festival, mainly allows young people to return to the mountains and forests where their ancestors fought to experience group hunting, thereby acquiring hunting skills and traditional moral education. The hunting lasted for five days. First, the elders led the young team into the mountains and built huts and altars for the elderly to eat and stay. That night, a bonfire was lit in the hunting camp, and the old man held a solemn "turban-changing ceremony" for the young man. He took off his black sash and replaced it with a blue sash that was two and a half feet wide and three feet long, symbolizing adulthood. Then he was ordered to hunt, and the captured prey was slaughtered on the spot to offer sacrifices to the gods and then given to the grown-up men for consumption. The next day, the young people went to the deep mountains and forests to hunt individually, fully demonstrating their hunting skills. Regulations must be followed during the hunting process, there are strict restrictions on food and daily life, and the scope of hunting is limited to wild boar, deer, camphor and other animals that are good at running. After this training, the young people will be recognized as adults, and the tribe will wait for their return in their hometown and celebrate the growth of another group of young people. And more... /question/68397614.html