1. Lao Fanzhi's House
Lao Fanzhi's House is located on the east side of Nanjun Lane in Quanzhou City, with Jiuyi Street in front and Guitan Lane in the back. Guitan Alley is named after the Guitan Palace. Another theory is that the alley is located on the south side of Qingyuan Academy. In the early imperial examination era, those who passed the imperial examinations won laurels. The academy was the place where the candidates gathered, which is a metaphor for the examination of the candidates. The altar means winning laurels, so the alley is named "Guitan".
Wu Yifei, the owner of Lao Fan Zhi’s big house, was born in Jinjiang during the Qianlong period. He was a teacher in this department. He later changed his business to deal in Chinese patent medicine Shenqu, which is based on Fan Zhongyan’s famous saying "If you are not a wise minister, you should be a good doctor" and The name of the store is "Fan Zhi" because of the ambition of "worry first and then enjoy". Business has been booming since the opening, especially during Zuo Zongtang's conquest of Xinjiang, Fan Zhi's Divine Comedy was most effective. As a result, the number of people buying clothes increased greatly, and he became extremely rich, so he built large houses.
The entire mansion is composed of three large courtyards with five entrances and three bays, with almost identical layouts. Each courtyard is separated by a fire wall, and there are doors on the side walls that connect each courtyard. There are two rows of guard houses on both sides of the large courtyard, forming a large-scale house full of layers and architectural features. According to Mr. Wu who lives here, the mansion is 63 meters from east to west and 105 meters from north to south. It covers an area of ??7,000 square meters and has more than 100 houses. Due to rumors spread by the architect, it is known as Fan Zhi’s 99 Houses.
2. The Zhuang Ancestral Hall on the mountainside of Quangang:
The family temple is still three bays deep and three entrances, consisting of a foyer, a middle hall, and a hall, separated by two patios, plus The courtyard has six levels, with a depth of 52.8 meters; the height difference between each level on the same baseline is 1.6 meters, making the entire temple look magnificent. The roof is covered with orange glazed tiles, and the ridge has a high dovetail. There is a five-story small tower carved in the center of the ridge of the hall, with two flying dragons carved on both sides; the front edge of the roof ridges on both sides of the tower is carved with a dragon on the left and a phoenix on the right, which means "dragon and phoenix present auspiciousness". The roof of the middle hall and the roof of the corridor of the lower hall are respectively decorated with sculptures such as double dragons playing with beads, gourd streamers, carps leaping over the dragon gate, flying phoenixes and unicorns, and eight immortals crossing the sea. The interior of the temple is supported by 10 pairs of fir pillars, 7 pairs of stone pillars, and 11 pairs of brick pillars. Among them, 10 pairs of wooden pillars are all painted in red with gold couplets engraved on them. The upper part is decorated with carved beams and painted pillars, decorated with auspicious birds and beasts. The giant "Ishijin Stone" paved along the roof hall is 5.75 meters long, 0.74 meters wide and 0.4 meters thick. It is a unique large-scale Ishijin stone component in Quangang District. I don’t know where the ancestors took it and how it arrived here. Although there are various legends, there is no way to investigate it. A plaque with red background and gold letters "Zhuang Family Temple" is embedded above the gate of the family temple. On both sides of the gate are carved stone drums with images such as "Two Dragons Playing with Pearls", "Two Phoenixes Confronting Peonies", and "Two Tigers Showing Their Power". Later, stone reliefs of "Double Dragon Game" and "Qilin Jumping" were embedded in the left and right wall stacks. On the front of the left and right wing rooms outside the gate, there is a pair of stone window lattice built on the wall stacks 1.44 meters away from the ground. Four dancing dragons are carved in the octagonal frame; in the outer four corners, there are eight figures such as Sima Guang, the prime minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, who "broke the vat to save people" and so on. A relief sculpture of historical allusions. The entire window lattice is square with each side 1.5 meters long.
3. Cai's Ancient House in Quanzhou:
Cai's Ancient House is located in Zhangli Village, Guanqiao, Nan'an, and is a national key cultural relic protection unit. The Cai family's ancient residential complex was mainly built by Cai Qichang and his son Cai Shen from the Tongzhi period (1862 AD) to the Xuantong third year (1911 AD) of the Qing Dynasty. There are currently 16 relatively complete residences. Most of the single buildings have a three-entry or two-entry and five-bay layout. Cai's ancient residential building complex has high ridges, carved beams and painted buildings, reliefs on the wall tiles in front of the door, with strong three-dimensionality, flowers and birds engraved on the window lattice, clever and gorgeous decoration, calligraphy and painting embellishment on the doors, walls and halls, giving it a unique charm. The charm left many calligraphy and paintings of celebrities at that time. Wood carvings, clay sculptures, brick carvings and stone carvings can be seen everywhere, with exquisite craftsmanship, and most of them adopt techniques such as through, relief and flat carving. The carvings are rich in content, including animals, flowers and birds, fish and insects, landscapes and figures, and the patterns are ancient. The exquisite carvings of the ancient residences not only focus on the mature sculpture art of southern Fujian, but also reflect the influence of Indian Buddhism, Islam, Nanyang culture and Western architectural art. They are known as the "Grand View Garden of Southern Fujian Architecture".
4. Small three-bedroom ancient house on the hillside of Quangang:
The small three-bedroom ancient residential complex consists of nine ancient houses of different sizes, covering a total area of ??about 6,700 square meters.
Among them, the three buildings that best reflect the level of architectural art and have the greatest cultural relic protection value are the Xiacuo (East and West buildings) and the Zhongcuo building. These three buildings were built in the 51st year of Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1786). They all have a cantilevered ridge roof, with a brick roof in front and protected by a mixed stone wall, making them elegant and generous. It took three years to build the lower house, Dadong, the 15th ancestral home of the Zhuang family on the mountainside. It consists of two large houses with three rooms and five rooms in the east and west imitating the imperial palace. It is commonly known as the "four-horse trailer". It is supplemented by guard houses on the left and right, and the west There is a martial arts hall and a literary hall attached to the side of the palace. The two large houses in the east and west occupy an area of ??1414.84 square meters and have a total of 65 houses. The two large houses are composed of three parts: the lower hall, the middle hall and the back hall. The entrance gate, lower patio, upper hall and back hall are all made of diabase feldspar as steps. A water collection well is dug in the patio and a drainage ditch is laid underground. , with stone tables with flowers on both sides. The ventilation and lighting of the ancient house mainly rely on the patio, doors and windows, as well as the skylights and air pavilions in the eaves. This makes such a large ancient house fresh and bright all year round, even if it is cloudy and rainy for many days, it will not be dull and dark.
The middle house is a large house with two entrances and five rooms built at the same time by Zhuang Daxun, Zhuang Dadong's cousin, with a single guard house on the right, covering a total area of ??627.45 square meters. Two parallel martial arts halls were built behind the house, covering an area of ??300 square meters. There was also a spacious martial arts training hall in front of the martial arts hall.
The outer wall foundations and skirtings of the lower and middle houses are made of granite, with red bricks on top. Dozens of huge wooden pillars are used inside the big house to support the broad roof. The column foundations under the wooden columns are all carved from diabase and come in square, circular and polygonal shapes.
On the wooden pillars are stacked beam joists, and on the beams are rafters and purlins, a double-layer tile roof, a tile roof, and a ceramic eaves and drips in front of the eaves. Since the middle and lower houses were built right next to the sea, this delicate and solid eaves structure can effectively withstand coastal storms.
There are lacquer paintings and wood carvings on the beams, columns and wall panels. There are exquisite brick carvings on both sides of the main door porch. There are stone carvings on the cornerstone of the skirt in front of the door. There are clay sculptures at the intersection of the eaves and the brick wall. . The contents of the sculptures include flowers, birds, cordyceps, landscapes and figures, all of which are concave and convex, sparse and decent, and cleverly laid out.
It is said that the east and west eaves of the lower house were originally connected, and there was a small attic built on the corridor, which was called the "Niangzi Weaving Building". It was destroyed in the late period of the "Cultural Revolution". On the west side of Xiacuo, there is a well dug by Zhuang Dadong and a stone washing mortar with a diameter of 1 meter, which are still in use today.
5. Quangang Tukeng Ancient Houses Group:
The overall planning of Tukeng Ancient Houses Group is quite insightful, with orderly arrangement and exquisite layout. Most of them are facing northwest Southeast, warm in winter and cool in summer. The residential houses are divided into 8 rows, and each row of houses is built 30-50 meters apart to facilitate transportation. Most of Liu's ancient residential buildings have bucket-type structures, hard-mounted roofs or rolling shed roofs, with high ridges and spectacular splendor. Doors and windows have round, square, arch, rhombus and other forms. They are all made of masonry and wood structures, and the stone and wood are purchased from other places. Most of the ancient houses can be preserved to this day, and the buildings are very solid. Liu's ancient residence in Tukeng Village is a group building, which represents the highest level of local architecture at that time.