Tie Guai Li
Let's talk about Tie Guai Li first. Tie Guai Li is the first of the eight immortals in folklore. Some books call him Li, a famous flood, and a native of Sui Dynasty Gorge. Lu Xun's A Brief History of Chinese Fiction says that he is Li and Xuan. Zhao Yi's "Yu Cong Kao" also said that his surname was Liu. It is said that he was a man between the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and the reign of Emperor Dali, and he studied Taoism in Zhongnanshan. Once the Yuan God came out of his shell, he never thought that his body would be eaten by tigers, so he had to devote himself to a lame beggar. According to A Mirror of Immortals in Past Dynasties, her handsome husband, who was good at Daoism, would lead to the derivation of Yuanshen magic and practice it in Dangshan rock cave. Once, at the request of Master Lao Zi, she went to Huashan thousands of miles away and returned a few days later, only to find that her body was burned by her disciples by mistake, and suddenly she saw a hungry nearby, and said with a brainwave, ". That is, from the hungry forehead, he turned into an ugly man with a hairy beard, a black face and huge eyes, and a lame right foot. It seems that he is a Taoist immortal who is passed down by word of mouth among the people and everything is attached.
|-Legend has it that
is also called Tie Guai Li. According to legend, his surname is Li, his name is Xuan, and he is also called Li Ningyang, Li Hongshui and Li Kongmu. It is said that he was originally very burly and handsome. Practice in Dangshan Cave. Because he agreed to attend the Huashan Fairy Meeting of the old gentleman, he told his disciples when he left that if Yuan Shen didn't return in seven days, Husk would be incinerated. So he left Husk and Yuan Shen traveled abroad. Unexpectedly, on the sixth day, someone from disciple's family reported that his mother was critically ill, so the disciples burned Husk. When the disciples came home, Li Tieguai's Yuan God returned soon, and there was nowhere to trust. Suddenly, I saw a human body starved to death in the forest, and then I entered from his forehead. After I stood up, I realized that I couldn't do it. I quickly poured out the elixir given by the old gentleman from the gourd. The gourd suddenly flashed golden light, reflecting an ugly image, with a dark face, unkempt head and huge eyes with tendrils. My right foot was still lame. I was surprised. Suddenly someone applauded behind me. Looking back, it was the old gentleman. In a hurry, I wanted to jump out of Yuan Shen. At this moment, the old gentleman stopped and said, "Tao is not about appearance. If you look like this, you will be a real fairy if you are full of kung fu." So he was given a golden hoop to hold back his hair and an iron crutch to help him limp. Li Tieguai often carries a gourd. It is said that it contains fairy medicine, which is specially used to cure diseases and save lives when it falls to earth.
Han Zhongli
Han Zhongli
Among the Eight Immortals, Zhong Liquan is second only to Tie Guai Li in fame. He has a high position among the Eight Immortals, especially because of the praise of Taoists. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jin Zhendao was regarded as the "founder of Zhengyang". The prototype of his characters appeared in the Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty. His deeds are recorded in books such as Chronicle of Xuanhe, Yi Jian Zhi, History of Song Dynasty, etc. It was only later that he was mistaken for the separation of Han Zhong and was attached to the Han Dynasty. Books such as A Mirror of Immortals in Past Dynasties and A General Examination of Continued Documents say that Zhong Liquan, whose compound surname is Zhong Li, is called Yun Fang Zi and Zhengyangzi. A native of Xianyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, his father Zhong Lizhang was a general in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and his brother Zhong Lijian was a corps commander, who later became an immortal. In the Tang Dynasty, there was indeed a man named Zhong Liquan. His three quatrains were recorded in The Whole Tang Poetry, with a biography saying: "Xianyang people, when they met the old man, were given fairy tricks, and when they met Huayang real people, they went to Wang Xuanfu, the immortal, and preached into Kongtong Mountain. They were named Mr. Yunfang, and then they went to the immortal." His poems left in the world are entitled "Three Poems on Avoiding Chang 'an Wine Restaurant", including "Always take a pot of wine when sitting and lying down, and don't teach your eyes to know the imperial capital", "It's not easy to get the truth, and when you will return, you will be willing to follow it" and so on, and there is quite some "fairy flavor", so you should be a good man.
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His surname is Zhong Li, whose name is Quan, the word Yunfang, and the name is Zhengyangzi. Jingzhao Xianyang (now Shaanxi) is said to be from the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is very vivid about his birth. It is said that one day, a giant strode into his mother's inner room and loudly said, "I am Huang Shenshi in ancient times, and I will be a child-care worker here." Suddenly, I saw different lights burning like fire, and then Han Zhong was born. When he was born, he was as big as a 3-year-old child. He was born with a lucky face, a round forehead, thick ears and long eyebrows, a big mouth and cheeks, a long lips and round arms. What is even more strange is that he is silent day and night, does not cry or eat. Until the seventh day, he suddenly said a word: "I am traveling in Zifu, and my book is Yujing." This sentence alarmed his parents. Because Zifu and Yujing are the Miyagi of the Jade Emperor in the sky, they thought he was reincarnated as a fairy, and their parents wanted him to grow up and take more power, so they named him "Quan". It is said that when Zhong Li grew up, he served as a doctor of advice in the imperial court, and was later called to go to Tibet, defeated, and lived in seclusion in Zhongnanshan. When I met Wang Xuanfu, the Emperor of Donghua, I got the true formula of longevity, then the fire and the dragon swordsmanship. Later, I met a real person in Huayang, and taught him the way of Taiyi Jiugui, Huofu Jindan, and Dongxiao Xuanxuan. Finally, he got the secret of the jade box in the Forbidden Four-Hao Peak in Kongtong Mountain and became an immortal. Legend has it that he transformed Lv Dongbin in the Tang Dynasty and was one of the five northern ancestors of Taoism. His image is often bare-chested, palm-fanned, with big eyes, a red face, and two bun tied on his head. He is an idle man.
Zhang Guolao
Zhang Guolao
Zhang Guolao, an elderly fairy among the Eight Immortals, was named "Zhang Guo". Because he was the oldest among the Eight Immortals, people respectfully called him "Zhang Guolao". There was a real Zhang Guo in history, and the old and new Books of the Tang Dynasty were rumored. When Wu Zetian lived in seclusion in Zhongtiaoshan, everyone called him immortal. He claimed to be hundreds of years old. In the 21st year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Wei Ji, the secretariat of Hengzhou, played his anecdote to the emperor. Xuanzong called him, and Zhang Guo pretended to be dead again. It took him a long time to wake up, so the messenger did not dare to advance. Xuanzong heard about it and sent Xu Jiao to invite him again. Zhang Guo had to go to Beijing. It is said that Tang Xuanzong was suspicious of his rumors. He once asked Xing Hepu, who was good at calculating the good and evil of premature death, to tell Zhang's fortune. Xing was ignorant of Zhang's jiazi, and a Taoist teacher was good at seeing ghosts. Xuanzong told him to see Zhang Guo, but he asked, "Where is Zhang Guo?" I cann't see it across the street According to historical records, Zhang Guo is just an old charlatan with some guilty conscience. Otherwise, why not play dead several times to avoid being drafted? At best, it's just illusion. Therefore, the fairy tales about him are all made up by Taoism by virtue of folk rumors and exaggeration for the purpose of propaganda. "Tai Ping Guang Ji" also records that Zhang Guolao claimed to be a Yao Emperor. When Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty asked the warlock "Ye Fashan" Zhang about his origin, Ye Fashan said, "I dare not say it, but I will die if I say it." After saying: "Zhang Guo is a white bat essence at the beginning of chaos." He fell to the ground and died. After Xuanzong interceded, Zhang Guo saved him.
|-Legend
According to historical records, there is a real person, who turned out to be a Taoist priest in the Tang Dynasty. This person is good at magic, and he often lives in seclusion in Zhongtiaoshan, Hengzhou, and travels between Fen and Jin. According to folklore, he lived for hundreds of years, so people respectfully call him Zhang Guolao. It is said that when Emperor Taizong and Tang Gaozong knew about it, they sent messengers to summon him to the palace, but he didn't want to go. In the period of Wu Zetian, he had to be called out of the mountain and pretended to die halfway to succeed. In the period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Xuanzong sent messengers to finally invite him to the palace, and named him "Dr. Yin Qingguang Lu" and "Mr. Tong Xuan". Later, Xuanzong was ready to betrothed his daughter to him. He sang, "The daughter-in-law is fair, and the public office is born on the ground. People are gratifying, but I am awesome." In the end, I didn't agree to this marriage. I resigned and returned to the mountain. I walked halfway and died in Puwu County, Hengshan Mountain. Disciple said that he became immortal, and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered the establishment of Qixia Temple in the local area as a sacrifice. According to folklore, he often carries a Taoist sentiment tube, rides a white donkey upside down, travels around the world, sings Taoist sentiments and persuades people. Later, the famous folk saying "riding a donkey and reading a songbook" came from this. The white donkey on which he rode traveled in Wan Li every day, folded like paper at night and put it in a box. When riding during the day, spray it with water in your mouth, and it will be restored to a day donkey. Later generations wrote a poem: "How many people in the world are like this old man. Not riding an ass backwards, everything looks back. " Zhang Guolao's story tells us that when we do anything, we should try our best to think comprehensively, and we should not just look ahead and look back.
Lv Dongbin
Lv Dongbin
Among the Eight Immortals, Lv Dongbin has the most stories. In Taoism, Quanzhen Taoism regards him as "the founder of Chunyang", also known as "Lv Zu". Traditionally, most researchers believe that Lv Dongbin's surname is Lv Mingyan, and he was born in the late Tang Dynasty. His poems are collected in Jin Tang Poems and Ci Synopsis. In Song Dynasty, Luo Dajing's "He Lin Yu Lu", Hong Mai's "Yi Jian Zhi" and "Ji Xian Zhuan" all recorded it. It is said that he was a native of Jingzhao (now Shaanxi and Xi 'an), and Tang Xiantong was in the middle of the country. He served as a county magistrate twice. It is said that he is a native of Jiujiang, originally an imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty, surnamed Li, but he changed his surname to Lu to avoid the disaster of Wu Hou. He started out as Shao Guang, who had been in the imperial examination field for more than 2 years, so he went on a tour around the world and was enlightened by Zhong Liquan. He is one of the Eight Immortals with the strongest human feelings. He is handsome and funny, and he is good at eliminating violence and evil spirits for the people. He is also good at drinking and lusting. There is a legend of "Lu Dongbin's Three Plays of Bai Mudan" circulating in the world. His legends are numerous and miscellaneous, but we can also see that he was originally a scholar who longed for Taoism in the Tang Dynasty and was later deified as an immortal.
He Xiangu
He Xiangu
He Xiangu is the only woman among the Eight Immortals, and there are different opinions about her life experience. She was from the Tang Dynasty. At the beginning of Song Dynasty, Guang Yi Ji was quoted by Tai Ping Guang Ji as "He Erniang". She was a peasant woman who knitted shoes. Later, because her home was too stuffy, she swam in Luofu Mountain, stayed in a mountain temple and often collected mountain fruits for monks to eat in. Once, a monk from Xunzhou Mountain Temple, 4 miles away, came to Luofu Mountain Temple and said that a fairy had gone to there to pick bayberry fruit one day. It was verified that that day was the day when Ernian picked the fruit. In addition, everyone did not know where Ernian picked these many mountain fruits, so she thought that Ernian was the fairy who picked the fruit in Xunzhou Mountain Temple. Since then, Ernian has become famous far and wide, and she no longer lives in the mountain temple. "Continuation Examination" said that He Xiangu was born in Zengcheng County, Guangdong Province when Tang Wuze was born. He was born with six beams of light on his head, and was born with a "fairy family". When he was thirteen years old, he met a Taoist in the mountains and ate a peach. From then on, he was not hungry or thirsty, and he was as light as a fly, and he could foresee the fortunes of life. Later, she was called to Beijing and left on the way. She was from the Song Dynasty. Some scholars' notes in the Song Dynasty often refer to her as a native of Yongzhou (Lingling) in the Northern Song Dynasty. Some people say that she met strangers when she was young, and she was immortalized by eating peaches. It is said that she grazed in the countryside, met strangers to give dates, and became immortal after eating them. The notes of the Song Dynasty also recorded some deeds of He Xiangu in divination, and predicted fortunes. At that time, scholars and curious people rushed to other places for divination, showing that she was just a folk witch who was good at divination.
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The only female fairy of the Eight Immortals, originally known as He Xiugu, was born in the period of Wu Zetian in Tang Dynasty. When she was born, Ziyun circled the room with six beams of light on her head. Smart and agile since childhood, intelligent and extraordinary. When she was 15 years old, she dreamed that God taught her to eat mica powder, so she was as light as a fly, traveling between the top of the mountain, going out every morning, and picking berries at night to honor her mother. Later, when Wu Zetian heard about it, she sent messengers to invite her, but she didn't know the direction halfway. Some people said that she was flying in Tang Zhongzong on the eighth day of August. There is also a saying that when He Xiangu entered the mountain at the age of 13, he met a fairy named Lv Dongbin and Lv Ci, and after eating it, he was not hungry, and he could predict the fortunes, which was quite effective. People in the village regarded it as a god and built a building for them to live in. Later, Lv Dongbin became an immortal.
Lan Caihe
Among the Eight Immortals, there is a cynical and crazy beggar named Lan Caihe. His deeds are recorded in Shen Fen's Biography of Immortals in the Southern Tang Dynasty, Taiping Guangji in the Early Song Dynasty and Lu You's Book of Southern Tang Dynasty. He was from the late Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties. His behavior is eccentric, he likes to drink and sing. He usually wears a broken blue shirt, one foot wears boots and the other is barefoot. What is even more unnatural is that he wears cotton-padded clothes in summer, but he lies in the snow in winter and is steaming all over (Continued Fairy Tale). At ordinary times, he holds a big clapper more than three feet in hand, while playing bamboo boards, while walking on songs and begging along the street. He sings a lot of songs, most of which are born on the scene, which not only makes the world feel unfathomable,
Lan Caihe
but also has a fairy meaning. One cloud: "Lan Caihe, what can the world be like? The beauty is like a spring tree, and the fleeting time is like a shuttle. The ancients have gone and never returned, but today people have come more and more. Ride husband and wife to Bibo, and see Sangtian give birth to Bai Bo at dusk. Changjing Minghui is in the air, and the gold and silver palaces are high. " He is crazy. When someone gives him money, he mostly gives it to the poor. Lan Caihe has no fixed place and is at home all over the world. The prototype of this immortal is a vagabond, and he is loved by people and deified as a fairy only because of his madness and his kindness to the poor.
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was originally a man, but in sculptures or operas, he often dressed in women's clothes and carried a flower basket. It is said that he was born as a barefoot fairy, and turned out to be a Taoist priest who traveled around, often wearing tattered blue clothes and a wooden belt more than 3 inches wide, with one foot in boots and one foot barefoot. Wearing cotton clothes in summer, lying in the snow in winter, breathing like steam. He often walks and sings in the city with a clapper board more than 3 feet long. It seems crazy but not crazy. Men, women and children follow him, and people give him copper coins, but he wears them with a long rope and mops the floor. If he loses them, he doesn't look back. Sometimes when I see the poor, I give them copper coins. He travels all over the world. He was seen in childhood and old age, and his appearance remains the same. Later, when he was drunk in Haoliang Restaurant, there was the sound of clouds and cranes playing flute. Suddenly, he rose into the clouds, threw down his boots and belt, and left Ran Ran. His most famous tap song is: tap Lan Caihe, what can the world be like? The beauty is a spring tree, and the fleeting time is a shuttle. The gangsters of the ancients never return. Today, more and more people come, riding husband and wife to the blue sky, and seeing Sang Tian born Bai Bo at dusk, the scenery is bright and bright in the air, and the gold and silver palaces are high-tech!
Han Xiangzi
It is generally said that Han Xiangzi was the nephew of Han Yu, a famous writer in the Tang Dynasty, and he was introduced in books such as Tang Shu, Prime Minister's Genealogy Table, Youyang Miscellany, Taiping Guangji, and Fairy Biography. One is called Han Yu's grandnephew. In history, Han Yu did have a grandnephew named Han Xiang, who was once an official of Dali Cheng. Han Yu once wrote a poem "Moving Left to Languan to Show My Grandnephew Sun Xiang": "A letter plays in the sky, and eight thousand in Chaoyang Road in the evening. If you want to eliminate evils for the holy dynasty, you will be willing to decline and cherish the old age! Where is the home of Yunheng Qinling? Snow holds the blue horse back, and I know that you should be interested in coming far away to collect my bones from the river. " The legend of his immortality was first seen in Duan Chengshi's Youyang Miscellany in the Tang Dynasty
Han Xiangzi
. It is said in the book that Han Yu had a house nephew who was a young man, was frivolous and uninhibited, and didn't like reading. Han Yu once blamed him, but he was able to change the color of peony flowers according to his uncle's request within seven days, and there was a poem on each flower, "Where is the home of the cloud across Qinling Mountains?", Han Yu was extremely surprised. It is also said that Han Xiangzi is Han Yu's nephew, and his deeds are similar to those in Youyang Miscellaneous. Han Xiangzi's character prototype is Han Yu's nephew, which was immortalized in the Five Dynasties.
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Gentleman in the Eight Immortals is a handsome boy with a flute. Han Xiangzi, whose real name is Han Xiang, is the nephew of Han Yu, assistant minister of punishments, a great writer in the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that the Prime Minister of the Han Dynasty appeased a daughter named Lingling, who was both talented and beautiful. Has been betrothed to Han Xiang. However, Emperor Han wanted to marry her to the emperor and nephew, to appease her and resolutely disagreed. Emperor Han was furious and sent Han Xiang away from office. Lingling died of grief, and Han Xiang was incarnated as a white crane, which was inspired by Zhong Liquan and Lv Dongbin, and was incarnated as the son of Han Hui in Changli County, with the birth name of Xiangzi, who lost his father at an early age and was raised by his uncle Han Yu. When I grew up, I was taught the art of practice by Zhong and Lu Erxian. Han Yu strongly objected and reprimanded him. Therefore, Han Xiangzi became a monk and lived in seclusion in Zhongnanshan Monastery, which led to a positive result and was listed among the Eight Immortals. Later, Han Xiangzi repeatedly transfigured his uncle Han Yu, but Han Yu didn't realize it many times. Later, Han Yu was demoted to Chaoyang, passing through Languan, where the snow held back and was frozen in the snow. Xiangzi came to the rescue and gave directions. Han Yu finally realized that he also became an immortal.
Cao Guojiu
Cao Guojiu, ranked at the bottom of the Eight Immortals, appeared.