The second edict of Zhonghui
The second edict of Zhonghui
Original text
Tang returned to Xia, and as for Dadong, Zhong Hui [18] made a decree.
Cheng Tang put [19] Jie in Nanchao [20], but [21] was ashamed of virtue [22]. He said: "I'm afraid that I will use the platform [23] as an excuse in the next life." Zhong Hui then made an edict and said: "Oh! People are born with desires, and there is chaos without a master, but they are born with wisdom. When there is Xia Hunde, The people are in ruins[25], the king of Xi is brave and wise[26], and he is righteous to all nations[27]. >
Notes
[18] Zhonghu (huī): also called Laizhu, he was a famous minister during the Shang and Tang Dynasties. He and Yi Yin were the prime ministers of Shang and Tang Dynasties. Assisted Shang Tang to accomplish his great cause.
[19] Cheng Tang: King Tang. Because he succeeded in conquering Xia Jie by force, Tang was his name and Cheng was his posthumous title. , Exiled.
[20] Nanchao: Place name.
[21] Wei: Thinking.
[22] De: Get. , obtain.
[23] Taiwan (yí): I.
[24]乂 (yí): Governance, stability.
[25] People. Falling into the charcoal fire. Falling into the charcoal fire. It is a metaphor for a dirty and painful place.
[26]
[27] Table: Extended meaning.
[28] Sui: Engagement, dedication.
Rate: Follow. /p>
[30] Fengruo: Fengshun
Translation
Shang Tang led his army back from the Xia capital and arrived at Dadong. Zhong Hui was ordered to give Haoxiaoxiao. Princes.
Chengtang exiled Xia Jie to Nanchao. After thinking about his actions, he felt ashamed and said, "I am afraid that future generations will take my actions as a source of criticism. Zhong Hui then made an edict and said, "Oh!" Think about the people born by God who have seven emotions and six desires. Without a monarch, there will be chaos. Only those who are naturally wise can always govern. That Xia Jie received retribution for his confusion and plunged the people into dire straits. God then gave the king the courage and wisdom to use symbols to rectify the nations, inherit what Yu the Great inherited, follow Yu the Great's classics and conventions, and enshrine these as Heaven's orders. .
Original text
"The king of Xia was guilty and falsely accused Heaven[31] in order to give orders to his subordinates. The emperor did not use Zang[32], Shishang accepted the order[33], and it was cool to use Jue Shi [34]. The simple and wise follow the trend [35], and the real and sophisticated have disciples [36]. The origin of our country is summer [37], just like the weeds in the seedlings [38], and the grain in the millet [39]. In the small war [40], he is not afraid of wrongdoing [41], and his words are sufficient to hear. Virtue and Mao Mao official [44], merit Mao Mao reward. Employ people only for their own merits, and do not hesitate to correct mistakes [45]. Kekuan Keren [46], Zhangxin Zhaomin [47]. "Nai Ge Boqiu paid [48], and he first conquered Zi Ge, conquered the Yi in the east [49], and conquered the Di in the south [50]. He said: "Xi Duhou Yu [51]? "The people of Youcu[52], and the family members celebrated each other, saying: "Youcuo is the queen[53], and later she is Su[54]. "The people's attitude towards business is still old-fashioned [55]!
Notes
[31] False: false pretense, false claim. False: deception.
[32] Zang (zàng): good, beautiful, kind.
[33] Formula: Use.
[34] Shuang: clear and wise.
[35]Simple: arrogance, attachment.
[36]Traditional: disciples, people of the same type or faction.
[37] Zhao: Beginning, initial.
The state was founded in the Xia Dynasty: the state was founded in the Xia Dynasty. State, founding of a state, founding of a country.
[38] Aphids: plant name. An annual herb that looks like millet. It is used here to mean weed.
[39]畕(bǐ): hollow or unfilled grains.
[40]War: fear, fear.
[41] Shen: Besides. Virtue: moral character, conduct.
[42] Near: near.
[43] Colony: business, engaging in buying and selling activities.
[44] De Mao Mao Official: Desheng encouraged him with his official position. Mao (mào): magnificent, encouraging.
[45] Stingy: regret, regret.
[46] Gram: Yes.
[47]Zhang: manifest, obvious.
[48] Nai Ge Boqiu: Nai, in the past. Ge Bo, the monarch of Ge State. Pay, give food. Someone brought food to a man who was plowing the fields. Ge Bo took the food from him and killed the man. Ge Bo hated the people who paid wages, so he called Ge Bo Qiu Pay. Ge: The name of an ancient country. A country in the late summer and early Shang Dynasty. Qiu: Hatred.
[49]Rate: Entertain, supply or provide food and drink. Yi: The collective name for all the ethnic groups in the east of my country in ancient China.
[50] Di: Di ??or Bei Di was once a general name for the various ethnic groups in the north by the Central Plains people of ancient China.
[51]Xi: He, why.
[52] You: used here as a particle, placed before the verb to form a noun phrase, equivalent to the meaning of "place".
[53]傂: Go.徯: Wait.
[54] Su: For rebirth.
[55] Old: Tong "Jiu", long-lasting.
Translation
"King Xia Jie was guilty. He pretended to be destined to deceive God and issue orders to the people. God used the unkind Xia Jie, so that Shang accepted the order from God. Let our army understand that such people do have many allies since we were founded in the Xia Dynasty. They have regarded us as weeds in the seedlings and empty shells in the grain. Everyone in Shang is very afraid, and no one is worried about being innocent and causing misfortune. Moreover, our Shang's words of virtue and kindness can impress people. Those who strive for moral character are encouraged by official positions, and those who strive for merit are encouraged by rewards. Appoint others as confidently as you appoint yourself, and you will have no regrets after correcting your mistakes. Being able to be generous and kind, he has clearly shown his integrity to hundreds of millions of people. "Ge Bo has an enmity with those who deliver food to the farmers. Your conquest starts from Ge State. When you conquer eastward, the Yi people in the west will complain; when you conquer south, the Di people in the north will complain, and they all say: 'Why do you want to conquer the country? What about us? 'The people are looking forward to your coming, and they are celebrating with their families, saying: Let's wait for our king. When the king comes, we will be reborn. The people have supported Shang Tang for a long time."
Original text
"To support the virtuous and virtuous, to show loyalty and then to be good[56], to attack the weak and ignorant, to cause chaos and insult, to push down the destruction and consolidate it[57], the state will prosper. Virtue With each new day, all nations are optimistic; with complacent ambitions, the nine tribes are separated [58]. Wang Maozhao's great virtue was built on the people of the country. He controlled things with righteousness [59], controlled the heart with etiquette [60], and brought prosperity to Houkun [61]. Yu Wen said: "The king who can learn from others will perish if he is willing to ask questions [62], but he will be small if he uses himself." 64]. Admire the way of heaven [65] and protect the destiny forever."
Notes
[56] It means to recommend or recommend.
[57] Push for destruction and consolidate: Seek the way to destruction in order to consolidate one's own survival. "Cai Zhuan": "Those who are pushed to death are also attacked and insulted; those who are preserved are supported and supported. The reason why they are destroyed is the reason why I survive, and the country is prosperous."
[58] Nine clans: refers to relatives, the father’s clan is four, the mother’s clan is three, and the wife’s clan is two. The last one is called the nine clans.
[59] Meaning: used here to mean the best way of doing things between people.
Control: control, uniform.
[60]Li: Etiquette, the rules and regulations of etiquette hierarchical society; traditional habits, and the norms that stipulate social behavior.
[61] Chui: Leave a biography. Kun: Future generations.
[62] Yu: sufficient, rich.
[63] Colony: establish, establish.
[64] Overturn: capsize.
[65]Qin: Admiration, respect.
Translation
"Help the virtuous and assist the virtuous, show loyalty and recommend the kind, annex the weak and attack the ignorant, seize the turbulent country and humiliate the subjugated monarch, overthrow the subjugated monarch and consolidate the surviving leader. , the country will be prosperous. Virtue is renewed day by day, and all nations in the world are in mind; if the heart is proud and complacent, relatives will betray it. The monarch encourages great virtues, establishes moral character among the people, and controls things with the best behavior. Use social behavioral norms to control people's hearts and pass them on to future generations. I have heard: 'Those who can find their own teachers can become kings, and those who say others are not as good as themselves will perish. Those who are humble and inquisitive will become richer and more self-righteous. People will become smaller and smaller. 'Oh! We must be wary of the lessons of national destruction. We must start from the beginning and overthrow the way of reverent and advocating heaven, so that we can forever retain the title of emperor for our descendants. . ”
Analysis
We must know that Shang Tang’s conquest of Xia Jie was the first dynasty change completed in the form of violent revolution in the history of our country. So, as the protagonist of the incident, he offended the emperor as a minister, and finally exiled the emperor. Even if he regarded himself as virtuous, he would inevitably be blamed for future generations in the end. Therefore, on the way back to Bo from Sanfu, Shangtang has been a little depressed. Zhong Hui saw what Shang Tang was thinking. He came over and had a speech with Shang Tang. This is the famous "Zhong Hui's Edict" in the Book of Documents.
The reason why "Zhong Hui Zhi Gao" has become a famous chapter in "Shang Shu·Shang Shu" is mainly because it solved the most basic problem in the minds of our ancestors - the legitimacy of the political power. Before explaining this issue, let’s take a look at Zhong Hui’s personal situation. Zhong Hui's surname is Ren. It is said that there was thunder and lightning and heavy rain when he was born. In ancient times, the sound of thunder was described as "Hu". At the same time, "Hu" is also the name for snake, so his father named him "Hu".
When Zhong Hui grew up, he showed extraordinary talents in governing the country, and managed the Xue country smoothly and the grain was abundant. At that time, Xia Jie was debauched and immoral, "building beautiful palaces, decorating Yaotai, constructing palaces, and erecting jade gates", which made the common people miserable. Zhong Hui decisively surrendered to Shang Tang and was worshiped by Shang Tang as the left prime minister. Together with Yi Yin, the right prime minister, he became the right-hand man to assist Shang Tang in destroying Xia.
Chinese people advocate benevolence, justice, propriety, wisdom and trust, and oppose violent succession. Since Yao, Shun and Yu, they have always helped other states to prosper and become their own dependent states, and rarely used force. This is because people at that time knew that conquering a person's body is not as good as conquering a person's heart. So Zhong Hui elaborated on the rationality of Shang Tang's revolution from three aspects:
1. The crusade against Xia Jie was done in accordance with God's will and to save the people. This is the so-called "according to heaven"! Zhong Hui said: "God nourishes the people, and everyone has desires. Without a monarch, the people will be in chaos, so God will give birth to smart people to govern them. Xia Jie behaved in a confused manner, and the people were in dire straits. God then endowed them with courage. and wisdom to the king, so that you can be a model for all nations and inherit the long-term cause of Dayu. You must now follow Dayu's regular laws and obey God's orders! King Jie of Xia is guilty of pretending to be God's will and carrying out his teachings. Therefore, God thinks that he is not good and wants me to inherit the destiny and let us teach his people." It means that the "Emperor" is appointed by God to govern the people. God is not wrong. The "Emperor" he appoints must be smart and brave. Xia Jie's behavior was chaotic and violated God's original intention for him to govern the people well. Therefore, I want you to replace him as emperor. Zhong Hui was a famous wizard at that time. His words represented the will of God and were very inspiring.
2. Praise Shang Tang for his noble moral character. This is what is called "approving people"! Zhong Hui said: "The king is not close to men and women, and does not amass wealth. He is appointed by people with high moral standing and rewarded by people with great achievements. He can use the advice of wise men and correct his mistakes when he recognizes them. He is tolerant and benevolent, and has the trust of all people." "The one who wins the hearts of the people wins the world. Comparing the two, it is self-evident who is the most qualified to be emperor."
3. The purpose of the revolution was to restore the reasonable system established by King Yu, but Xia Jie destroyed the system of his ancestors. Zhong Hui's ingenious "approach to the problem but not to the person" found a third reasonable reason for the revolution. He took the trouble to explain that the Shangtang Revolution was to "inherit the long-term cause of Dayu and follow Dayu's regular laws." After the revolution, as long as we "renovate our virtues day by day, all nations in the world will miss us." Since we have already "revolutionized," the key point is It’s about what we have to do in the future so that we don’t lose our country. Zhong Fei advised Shang Tang to "strive to show great virtue, establish a middle way for the people, use righteousness to judge affairs, use rituals to control thoughts, and pass on the way of prosperity to future generations", and to "help the virtuous princes and promote the loyal princes; Annex the cowardly, conquer the dim, seize the desolate, and despise the destroyed." Only in this way can a rich and powerful country be built.