Leopard [Leopard, pronounced bào(ㄅㄠˋ)]
1. Origin of the surname:
The first origin : Derived from the Gaoxin clan, a descendant of Ku Sanziqi, the second generation grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and is named after the clan name.
According to the historical book "Zuo Zhuan": Emperor Ku, the second grandson of the Yellow Emperor in ancient times, was named Jiaojizi and named Ji Kuang. Emperor Ku was born with an auspicious spirit. When he was fifteen years old, he supported Emperor Zhuanxu and was granted the title of Xin. When he was one hundred and thirty years old, he replaced Gaoyang with Shuide as the emperor. He was the emperor, so he was named Gaoxin and received Gaoxin. The tribe established its capital in Bo.
The emperor had four concubines: the Yuan concubine was a daughter of the Shao family, named Jiang Yuan, who was born in Houji with the emperor to worship God; the second concubine was the daughter of the Chen Feng family, named Qingdu, with the name Chilong. Xiang, who was born to Yao in Danling in the fourteenth month of her pregnancy; the third concubine was the daughter of the You'e family, named Jian Di, and she prayed to Gao Jin for the auspiciousness of the flying swallow; the fourth concubine was the daughter of the Ezi family, named Chang Yi. Give birth to a child sincerely. Emperor Ku died in the 70th year of his reign at the age of 105 and was buried in Dunqiu. The son Zhi succeeded.
The Gaoxin tribe consists of two phratry and eight clans. One phratry group is the direct branch group mainly from Houji, including the four clan groups of Bofen, Zhongkan, Shuxian, and Jizhong. The other phratry group is the concubines of Yao, Qi, and Zhi. The branch group includes four clan groups: Bohu, Zhongxiong, Shubao and Jili. In fact, the representatives of these eight clans are called the Eight Talented and Virtuous People in history books, and are known as the "Eight Yuan" in the world.
During the period of Emperor Shun, Yao, who was a minister at the time, recommended eight sages, known as the "Eight Kais" in the world. It is recorded in the historical book "Zuo Zhuan: The Eighteenth Year of Wen Gong": "Shun and Yao raised eight Kais to control the land behind them, and they ordered all things to happen. They all followed the time and order, and the earth was flat and the sky was equal." Kong Yingda Shu: "Kai means harmony, and it means harmony. It’s about things.” It is recorded in the historical book "Old Book of Tang·Biography of Wei Zuo": "The Eight Kais and Five Ministers were Shun's good assistants." The eight emperors who assisted Emperor Shun were: Cangshu, Xiongzhi, Yongxu, Dalin, Guojiang, Tingjian, Zhongrong, and Shuda. The five ministers refer to: Yao, Zhu, Zhu, Luotao and Gusou.
Uncle Bao among the "Eight Yuan" is actually a nephew of the Gao Xin family. He is talented and virtuous, and is part of the same lineage. He uses the leopard as a totem, and his descendants take the name of the clan as their surname. Uncle Bao's surname was simplified to the single surname Bao in later provincial texts. This branch of the Bao clan is mainly distributed in the ancient Qiongzhou area, which is now Hainan Province. It became the ancestor of the Li nationality and is one of the very ancient surnames that has been passed down from generation to generation.
The second origin: Originating from the surname Jiang, it comes from the Sanmiao people of the Chiyou tribe in ancient times. It is a surname based on the name of the tribe.
Chi You is an ancestor god of the Miao people and has a very high status in the hearts of the Miao people. There are still many important activities to worship Chi You in the folk customs of the Miao people. This is a national cultural tradition that has been tenaciously preserved over thousands of years of history and is the result of the historical development of China's various ethnic groups, especially the Miao.
Chiyou was an important historical figure in ancient China and an important leader of the Jiuli Tribe Alliance. The Jiuli Tribe he represented had previously been active in Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi and other Central Plains regions. They were the first to invent and use He possesses metal tools and weapons, has a high culture, and has strong military power. He is evenly matched with the Yellow Emperor of the Xuanyuan tribe alliance and has close ties.
Chiyou may be a descendant of Emperor Yan, and Emperor Yan and Huangdi are brothers. Emperor Yan and Chi You fought with the Yellow Emperor in the Banquan area of ??Zhuolu, Hebei Province. After the war, some of the Chi You tribe migrated to the south, while many people stayed in the north and gradually merged with the Huang Di tribe. Therefore, they maintained their respect for their hero. Incomparable worship of ancestor Chi You.
Today, the Miao people still retain the folk custom of "maple wood worship" and even use maple wood as a totem. According to the historical record "Shan Hai Jing": "There is a red snake on Song Mountain, which is called Yu Snake. There is a tree growing on the mountain, which is called maple. Maple, Chi You abandoned its shackles, and it is called maple." Later Guo Guo Pu's annotation: "Chi You was acquired by the Yellow Emperor, and he killed him with a weapon. He picked up his weapon and turned it into a tree." He also explained that the maple tree is now the fragrant tree.
This legend is similar to the legend of Chi You's blood. They are both an artistic imagination generated by the Chi You people's nostalgia for Chi You's murder. In late autumn, the leaves of the maple trees are red, reflecting Chi You's blood. There are many such records, for example, it is recorded in the historical book "Xuanyuan Benji": "Killing Chiyou on the hills of Lishan Mountain, throwing weapons on Song Mountain in the wilderness, and the weapons behind them turned into a maple forest.
"In the historical book "Shu Yi Ji", there is even a legend about Maplewood becoming a ghost and turning into a human form: "There is a Fengzi ghost in the south. The old man of Maplewood is in human form, and he is also called Yanfeng. "Even in the classic book "Southern Arithmetic Statement", it is recorded: "For the maple people, there are many maple trees between the five ridges. Over time, galls will appear. If there is a heavy rain overnight, the tree growth will be three to five feet long, which is called maple. people. The more shamans use the techniques, the more they have the experience of communicating with the gods. ”
Since maple is a kind of spiritual wood, the Miao people have worshiped maple wood for a long time. In the life of the Miao people, maple wood has a stronger deification. In the famous "Miao Epic" , "Maplewood Song" is one of the core parts of the epic. It is said that the origin of the Miao people and the ancestors of mankind came from maple trees. The main plot is: the ancient maple tree gave birth to the original goddess Bangmei Liu, and Meibangliu. Twelve eggs were laid, and from these twelve eggs were born Jiang Yang, the ancestor of mankind, dragon, tiger, leopard, thunder god, etc. In the "Miao Epic", there is the concept of totem worship of the maple tree. There is also the concept of egg-laying myth, and the concept of egg-laying myth is related to the folk culture of bird totem. For example, the Yin and Shang Dynasty worshiped the black bird totem. The surname of Emperor Yan is the same as that of Jiang Yang. The Chiyou Jiuli tribe also lived in Shandong, Henan and Hebei. They had many tribes and many totems. "Two people" or "eighty-one people" just shows that there are many tribes and clans in the alliance.
It is recorded in the historical book "Bamboo Book Annals": "Seventy-two brothers belong to various tribes in Chiyou. There are the Xiong clan, the Zhu clan, the Tiger clan, the Leopard clan... all the clans. "After the failure of the Zhuolu War, the Jiuli tribe led by Chi You was conquered many times by the Yellow Emperor's alliance, so they continued to migrate. Those who went west were followed by Quanrong and Xiqiang, and those who headed south were followed by Sanmiao. Their historical sites are It is long-standing and profound.
According to the historical record "Shiyi Ji" of the westward branch of the Jiuli tribe: "Xuanyuan moved the good people to the land of Zoutu, and moved the bad people to the land of Zoutu." In the hometown of Youbei. "In the historical book "Dunjia Kaishan Tu", it is recorded that "Chiyou, after Emperor Yan, and Shaohao governed the gold in the west." In the historical book "Shangshu·Yaodian", it is said that Shun "channeled the three seedlings in the three dangers". In The classic book "Mencius Wan Zhang" records: "Kill the three seedlings in three dangers." The historical book "Tundao Ji" records: "There are three dangers in Shouyang, Longxi County, where the three seedlings are located... there are three dangers in the west of the same cave as birds and mice." , where Sanmiao is. "Sanwei Mountain is the Sanwei Mountain in the east of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province today, not far from Thousand Buddha Cave.
Xiqiang and Xirong are both related to the Miao people. Quanrong uses dogs as totems, and the Miao people Among them, the Panhu dog is also an important totem. It is recorded in the historical book "Book of the Later Han·Biography of Xiqiang": "The origin of Xiqiang comes from Sanmiao. "According to archaeological findings, the earliest bronze wares in China were unearthed in Dongxiang County, Gansu Province. Bronze wares were discovered in Central Asia as early as 5,000 years ago in the ancient Western Regions. This may be related to the ancestors of the Miao people.
In addition, It is recorded in the historical book "The Classic of Mountains and Seas: The Great Wilderness Bei Jing": "Beyond the Northwest Sea, north of the Black Water, there are people with wings named Miao. "It is also recorded in the historical book "Shenyi Jing·Xihuang Jing": "There are people in the northwest wilderness. Their faces are human-shaped, their hands and feet are human-shaped, and they have wings under their arms. They cannot fly. They are gluttons, lustful and unreasonable. They are called Miao people. "Although these records are relatively short and absurd, with obvious orthodox ideological biases, and are neither accurate nor comprehensive, they reflect the historical facts of the Jiuli tribe's movement to the northwest, which cannot be fabricated out of thin air.
Most of the San Miao people moved to the southwest, and experienced many battles and transfers during this period. In the historical book "The Chronicles of the Five Emperors", Zheng Xuan, a scholar of the Han Dynasty, commented: "With Miao, after Jiuli, Zhuanxu executed Shaohao on his behalf. Jiuli divided his descendants into the Sanmiao Kingdom. Gaoxin's decline restored Jiuli's virtue, Yao prospered and punished him, and Yao was not in power, but Shun's ministers fled again. After Yu succeeded to the throne, he rebelled against him in Dongting, and Yu punished him again. ”
After Zhuanxu, Yao, Shun, and Yu’s successive conquests, the Sanmiao were gradually driven to the wild lands of the southwest. Their migration route, according to the research of Miao scholar Tang Chunfang in recent years, was stated in his paper " "On the Original Habitat of the Miao People", a comparative study of the Miao people's reputation and customs data with ancient documents shows that they are quite consistent.
As the "first ancestor" of the Miao people, Chi You has always been favored by the Miao people everywhere. The reverence and commemoration of Miao people have many manifestations in the lives, customs and folk literature of the Miao people. Although many ancient historical legends contain fantasy elements of mythological thinking, they often coincide with ancient documents and materials, which fully illustrates the folk customs and folklore. Folk literature and art have high historical value.
It can confirm and supplement written documents and is more vivid historical data. People should be good at using them.
The Bao clan of the Miao nationality is one of the "seventy-two brothers" or "eighty-one brothers" in the Jiuli tribal alliance originating from Chiyou. In fact, it is one of the tribes that has the leopard as its totem. Taking Leo as the surname is called the Bao family, which is one of the very ancient surnames of the Chinese nation.
The third origin: derived from the surname Ji, which came from Baohou, an official in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. It is a surname based on the official title.
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty had four major marquises, namely Shehou (Chenghou), Huhou, Xionghou and Baohou. They were the highest commanders in charge of the four armies in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Their status was in the Qing Dynasty. Below doctor. Their positions are in charge respectively: Shehou (Chenghou) is responsible for the east, Huhou is responsible for the south, Xionghou is responsible for the west, and Baohou is responsible for the north. This is recorded in the classic book "Zhou Li·Tianguan·Si Qiu": "If the king shoots big, he will shoot the tiger, the bear, and the leopard, and set up his swans. Note: Baohou, the minister below shot. ”
The Western Zhou Dynasty inherited the totem symbols of the Xuanyuan clan alliance. Generally speaking, it developed from west to east and south, with relatively weak attention to the north, so Baohou ranked last.
Among the descendants of Baohou, there are those who take the official title of their ancestors as their surname, and are called Bao family. Most of them are from military and health families, which is one of the very ancient surnames.
The fourth origin: Originated from the surname Ji, which came from the official title of leopard tail in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. It is a surname based on the official title.
The leopard tail, also known as the chariot tail, is the military system of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. It comes from the leopard tail chariot made in the Zhou Dynasty, which is the rear guard vehicle when the king travels. The person in charge is called the leopard tail. Later, it was installed in all vassal states. A similar organizational system is called the "Dianhou Ling", with an official rank of one thousand dan. It is an extremely important military official position, which is also commonly known as the rear guard general.
The historical book "Book of the Later Han Dynasty·Annotations to Ancient and Modern Times" records: "The leopard-tailed chariot was made in the Zhou Dynasty. The ancient army was building it, but today it is only built by riding the public."
To the Han Dynasty During the dynasty, a leopard's tail was hung at the end of the emperor's chariot convoy, the last vehicle of the army chariot and baggage convoy, and the last vehicle of the merchant's freight convoy to show the end, so it was also called "Leopard Tail". After the "Leopard's Tail" passes, the palace gate, city gate, pass gate, and Li Gate must be closed, leaving only small gates for people to pass.
The descendants of the generals in charge of the rearguard, some of whom take their ancestors’ official titles as their surnames, are called the Bao family, which is also one of the very ancient surnames.
The fifth origin: originated from the Dai people, from the ancient Kemu people group in Xishuangbanna, and belongs to the surname based on totem belief.
In ancient times, primitive people did not understand many natural factors or phenomena, and developed fear and awe, or due to some unexpected events, they believed that they had an important relationship with them, which may become the totem of the nation. And worship. The various ethnic groups in Xishuangbanna are all ethnic groups living in tropical virgin forests, and their totem worship is mostly related to some animals and plants in the tropical rainforest. With the passage of time, the totem worship that some ethnic groups or tribes had has gradually faded away, while some have maintained it until modern times.
The Dai people are the main ethnic group in Xishuangbanna, and they do not have totem worship as a whole nation. Historically, the dragon was considered to be the totem of the Dai people. According to research, the worshipers of the dragon totem in the famous "Jiulong Myth" in history were Ailaoyi. Although there is also a leader of the Dai people in mythology, that is, the leader Baalawu who led them to migrate to Xishuangbanna. When his mother was guarding the vegetable garden with her grandmother, a herd of bison broke into the garden and ate a lot of fruits. She picked up the food. The Cow King ate the leftover coconuts and gave birth to him. He also considered the cow as his father, but the cow did not become the totem worship of the Dai people. There are some myths about white elephants in various Mongols, and there is also a "white elephant god". The elephant may have been their totem worship. However, in some places in Mengla and Jinghong, there was a historical tradition of using white elephants as sacrifices to the Meng God. Isn’t this disrespectful to their ancestors? ".
In the tropical rainforest, the Youkemu people still maintain the totem worship of animals and plants until modern times. This ethnic group has about 400,000 people and mainly lives in countries such as Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar. There are only More than two thousand people live on both sides of the Nanla River in Mengla County.
In this nation, according to their different totem worships, there are "Pulsatilla clan", "Water Bird clan", "Hubao clan", "Millet Bird clan", "Myna clan", "Tree Fern clan", "Wild Cat clan", The eighteen clans that worship animals and plants, including the "Rake Clan", the "Hornbill Clan", the "Squirrel Clan" and the "Monkey Clan", are just like the large villages with mixed surnames in the mainland, which are very strange.
The Kemu people can intermarry within the same clan, but cannot intermarry within the same clan. Men take their father's surname and women take their mother's surname. For example, if a male from the Treefern clan marries a female from the Mizutori clan, the boy they give birth to will be a Treefern clan, and the daughter they will give birth to will be Mizutori. "Tiger", "leopard", "pulsatilla", "tree fern", "starling", etc. are generally male surnames, while "waterfowl", "millet bird", "crak" and "squirrel" are female surnames. Due to totem worship, the Kemu people do not hunt or cut down animals or plants that symbolize their clan. For example, the "Tiger Clan" never hunts tigers, the "Leopard Clan" never hunts leopards, and the "Tree Fern Clan" cannot cut down tree ferns.
Legend has it that the animal and plant totems of each clan of the Kemu people are directly related to their ancestors. For example, the origin of the "Tiger Clan" is: Once upon a time, there was a man who was so afraid of tigers that he did not even dare to work in the fields. One day, the villagers killed a tiger and carried it back to the village. Encouraged by the crowd, he bravely touched the tiger's skin and teeth. Unexpectedly, his finger was cut by the sharp tiger teeth and he died soon after. From then on, his descendants were named Tiger. According to their tradition, they believe that hitting (picking) or eating the totem of the clan is equivalent to eating their ancestors, and they will suffer disaster.
The Kemu people extremely respect certain animals and plants that represent their surnames, which actually expresses respect for their ancestors.
In many ancient books since the Han and Tang Dynasties, there are often descriptions of "tattoos" of "hundred barbarians" including various ethnic groups in Xishuangbanna, which has a very long history. Among the various ethnic groups in Xishuangbanna, mainly men of the Dai and Blang ethnic groups have the custom of tattooing. They used needles to prick various patterns on their legs, chests, backs, arms, etc., and applied them with indigo plant liquid or animal bile, etc., which turned into a blue color that would not fade throughout their lives. According to records in the modern literature "Che", the tattoo patterns of each clan are different and can be roughly divided into four categories: first, animal categories, including elephants, tigers, leopards, dragons, horses, deer, monkeys, etc.; The patterns include cloud patterns, squares, circles, flowers, etc.; the third is text, including Dai Buddhist mantras and Buddhist scriptures; the fourth is other categories, mainly geometric figures.
Not only do modern scholars have different opinions on why people get tattoos, but also tattooists have different opinions. In fact, tattooing as a custom among various ethnic groups has a long historical process of development and evolution. Before the Tang Dynasty, ancient Chinese books said that the Yue people "respected witches and ghosts" and "feared ghosts and gods". The tattoos of various ethnic groups, including the Dai people, originated from the "broken hair tattoo" of the ancient Yue people. The origin is as recorded in the Song Dynasty historical book "Huainanzi", "There are few things on land but many things on water, so people are "Tattooing like a scale insect", that is, "taking the shape of a dragon, entering the water, and the dragon will not be hurt." It is a simple bionic phenomenon, and its core is the original mentality of pursuing harmony with nature.
In an ancient legend of the Dai people, there is a young man who got help from a dragon girl and tattooed many fish scale-like patterns on his body. When he entered the water, the water separated to both sides and the water monsters were not harmed. There is another ancient legend among the Dai people. A young man frightened the devil because of his tattoos, so he took the opportunity to kill the devil. This puts tattooing as a form of witchcraft worship to ward off evil and prevent harm.
In some ancient books after the Tang and Song Dynasties, barbarians with tattoos were divided into several types: "barbarians with embroidered feet", "barbarians with embroidered faces" and "barbarians with carved inscriptions". It is recorded in the "Biography of Baiyi" written in the Ming Dynasty: "Those who do not have tattooed feet will be scorned by everyone and are called women, who are not of the Baiyi variety." This shows that we have entered a patriarchal society at that time, and tattoos not only show the difference between men and women, but also distinguish the differences between nations. The Dai characters and Buddha inscriptions in tattoo patterns were developed after the introduction of Buddhism and the emergence of writing. According to the legend of the Dai people, the pattern was painted by the Buddha in order to make the young monks listen to the sutras attentively and correct the results. This may be to show that men have received education in Buddhist temples and have changed from "strangers" to knowledgeable "acquaintances"!
Many young people with tattoos say that they get tattoos to win the love of the opposite sex, which is quite reasonable.
As a cultural phenomenon, tattoos can be traced back to the fear of their ancestors who believed in ghosts and gods towards certain activities such as hunting in the mountains, fishing in rivers, harmful animals or imaginary "monsters" .
Later, the ancestors who practiced witchcraft believed that although dragons were evil, tigers were poisonous, and leopards were ferocious, they would not hurt their children. With fish scales and beast patterns on their bodies, and later Buddha tablets, they could regard themselves as " "Dragon", "tiger" and "leopard cub" can also seek blessings from gods and Buddhas. Tattooing is the simple mentality and strategy adopted by ancient people to adapt to special environments and live in harmony with nature.
The Dai people generally love water, and their residential villages and villages are generally built near the water. There are wells built next to the village. In addition to drinking and washing, the well water is also used for splashing water during the New Year. There is a spacious space next to the well. The water well is mostly located at the head of the village or next to the village. It is kept at a certain distance from the village and drainage ditches are built to keep the well water hygienic. The Dai people are very particular about the design and architectural decoration of well platforms, manhole rails, manhole covers, and have formed a well tower with outstanding national characteristics. The well door may be decorated with a clay dragon to show nobility; or it may be decorated with an elephant or peacock sculpture to show happiness and good fortune. The Dai people believe that the holy water is given by the land god Nantunani. In order to ensure that the water of life will never dry up, they build wells and towers of different styles according to their religious beliefs to express their good wishes.
The "Leopard Clan" of the Dai Kemu people takes Leopard as their surname and is called the Leopard Clan. They are mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guangxi, Vietnam, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia and other regions and countries.
2. County view:
Zhilai County: also known as Changhua, which is now Changjiang Li Autonomous County, Danzhou City, Hainan Province. It was developed by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty territory. In the first year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (110 BC), it was placed in Zhilai County, which belonged to Dan'er County. It belonged to Zhuya County during the reign of Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty, and it belonged to Yazhou County during the reign of Emperor Jianwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the third year of Daye of the Sui Dynasty (AD 607), it was changed to Changhua County (Jilai County was split into Yilun, Changhua, and Ji'an counties, and Changhua and Ji'an were located in today's Changjiang County). During the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty, Changhua was withdrawn and placed in Ji'an County, under the jurisdiction of Lingnan Road. During the Five Dynasties, it belonged to Danzhou and returned to the Southern Han Dynasty. In the sixth year of Xining of the Song Dynasty (1073 AD), Danzhou was renamed Changhua Army, Changhua was abolished and merged into Tengqiao Town, and Changhua County was restored during the Yuanfeng years of the Song Dynasty. Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties are due to this. In the third year of the Republic of China (1914 AD), Changhua County was renamed Changjiang County and came under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province. In January 1949, Changjiang County and Ganfen County were merged into Changgan County. In December 1958, Changgan, Baisha and Dongfang counties were merged into Dongfang County (then known as Dongfang County). In June 1961, the three counties were separated and Changjiang County was newly established. On December 30, 1987, it was renamed Changjiang Li Autonomous County. After Hainan was established as a province in April 1988, it was directly under the jurisdiction of Hainan Province. Within the territory of Changjiang, Han, Li, Miao and other ethnic groups have lived for generations. Since ancient times, Changjiang County has undergone many changes. In the Western Han Dynasty, Zhilai County was established, and the county seat was located in Jiuxian Village, today's Changhua Town. In the Song Dynasty, Changhua County was moved to the middle of Changjiang Ershui Prefecture (to the east of Danchang Village, Sigeng Town, Dongfang City). In the eighth year of Ming Zhengtong (1443 AD) Then it moved to Qianhusuo (now Xincheng Village), and in the 21st year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty (1884 AD), it moved back to Changhua City. After June 1961, the Changjiang County People's Communist Party has been located in Shilu Town. Shilu Town is named after Shilu Ridge. In July 1964, the People's Government of Guangdong Province approved it as the county seat of Changjiang County. Shilu Town is located in the west of Hainan Island, 190 kilometers away from Haikou City. It is located in the middle reaches of Shilu River. It was originally a mountainous area where the Li people lived. More than 300 years ago, copper mines were discovered here and private mining began, and Danzhou began to exist. People moved there, and then many moved there, setting up shops and doing business, and gradually it became a market town. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, with the restoration of the Hainan Iron Mine, the market town continued to expand and the economy became increasingly prosperous. After decades of development and construction, Shilu Town has now become the economic, political, cultural and transportation center of Changjiang. Since then, Changjiang has become an important window for foreign economic exchanges in western Hainan. The open zone in western Hainan has gradually formed. Relying on its resource advantages, it has focused on developing into a heavy industrial zone and a tropical high-efficiency agricultural base for the whole province of Hainan, and has opened up a path for economic cooperation between Qiongtai and Qiongtai. new road.
3. Historical celebrities:
Bao Aifang: (1969 AD to present day), female, Li nationality; native of Changjiang, Hainan. Winner of the famous 2002 China Youth May 4th Medal.
Administrator of the nursing home in Shiyuetian Town, Changjiang County, Hainan Province. *** Representative to the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, representative to the Second and Third People’s Congress of Hainan Province.
In 1987, the nursing home in October Tian Town, a newly established Changjiang Li Autonomous County, was in trouble: the only administrator of the nursing home was transferred, leaving eleven lonely elderly people without anyone to take care of them.
Due to the economic difficulties in the town, the salary paid to the administrator was only 80 yuan per month. The work was dirty, hard, and it was a temporary job. Several people were unwilling to do it. The town leaders approached the town kindergarten teacher Bao Aifang to ask for advice. Seeing that there were more than a dozen lonely elderly people without care, Bao Aifang gave up her easy job and accepted the task resolutely.
For a girl, the age of sixteen to thirty-one is the most precious period of youth. Bao Aifang spent her sixteen years in silence like this: getting up early every morning, cleaning the courtyard, cooking breakfast for the elderly, delivering breakfast to their bowls, washing clothes; and then going to the town to buy rice, oil, salt, and vegetables. , cooking three meals a day for the elderly; in the evening, decoction and taking medicine for the sick elderly, and helping the elderly fall asleep. There are 365 days in a year, and every day is a working day. In order to facilitate the care of the elderly, Bao Aifang moved to a nursing home to eat and live with the elderly, sharing the joys and sorrows. Every Spring Festival brings a big reunion to every family, and Bao Aifang should go home to reunite with her family. However, she thought that these old people would feel lonely if they had no children, so she would spend the Spring Festival with them every year. Didn't go home. The world of the elderly is lonely, and they need careful care in life, and even more spiritual care and love.
Among the eleven elderly people in the nursing home, two are blind and two have paralyzed legs and have been bedridden for many years. Because these elderly people are old, frail, suffering from ailments and find it difficult to take care of themselves, Bao Aifang always takes care of these patients with the heart of her own daughter. No matter how painful or tiring she is, she never complains. The old man Lu Yayi was paralyzed due to illness and had incontinence of urine and feces. His pants, mats and trousers were often wet and smelly. Several times a day, Bao Aifang took the trouble to change the old man's clothes, wash and dry the mat and bedding, and let the old man lie on a clean and comfortable bed. He Yazhuang, an 86-year-old man, suffered from serious illness and was bedridden. Bao Aifang often scrubbed his body to keep his bed dry and clean. In normal times, in addition to taking care of patients with injections and medicines, Bao Aifang also feeds and prepares medicines for the elderly who are unable to take care of themselves or are seriously ill.
Ocelotian Town is a poverty-stricken minority town. The living allowance provided by the town *** for the nursing home is only 30 yuan per person per month. The elderly often live in poverty. Sometimes they need to be sent to nursing homes when they are sick. The hospital in the town had to pay some money in advance, and the lives of the elderly became even more stressful. Whenever this happens, Bao Aifang always quietly squeezes out 20 to 50 yuan from her meager salary to subsidize the elderly to meet their daily expenses. In September 1996, due to continuous heavy rains, the prices of grain, oil, and vegetables skyrocketed. The living expenses of the elderly were quickly exhausted. Bao Aifang was penniless after receiving the supplement. Seeing that she was about to run out of food, she had no choice but to go home. He asked his mother for help. The kind-hearted mother dug out a bag of rice from a poor family and donated it to the nursing home, which saved the elderly from hunger.
Since entering the nursing home, Bao Aifang has taken meticulous care of the elderly for sixteen years, turning the nursing home into a "paradise for the elderly" and a "home of happiness". Under her careful care, the old people lived their old age happily and peacefully. The only thing the old people can repay is to treat her as their own daughter. Not a relative, but better than a relative, Bao Aifang has now fulfilled her wish to pay her last respects to the three elderly people and fulfilled her filial piety. Before these three people died, the person they wanted to see and care about the most was Bao Aifang, holding her hand and calling her name until they passed away.
In 1996, Bao Aifang unfortunately fell ill due to overwork and needed to be hospitalized in a provincial hospital. However, because she was worried about the elderly, she postponed her trip several times, which made her condition worse. In the end, her leadership intervened. , she called her younger sister who was working outside to take her place, and after arranging things in the hospital, she felt at ease to go to the hospital for treatment. During the hospitalization, she was always thinking about the old man, calling her every three days to inquire about the situation. On the seventh day, before the wound had completely healed, I wrapped my body in gauze and rushed back to the nursing home with my weak body.
In order to create a quiet, clean and comfortable living space for the elderly, over the past sixteen years, Bao Aifang has taken time out of her busy schedule to plant flowers and plants in front of and behind the house, cultivate green spaces, and reclaim wasteland. , planting vegetables not only beautifies the environment of the nursing home, but also improves the lives of the elderly. She put all her thoughts on the nursing home.
People often ask her in confusion: "The nursing home is not your home. Those elderly people are not related to you. It's enough if they can get by at work. Why do you have to work so hard?" Several sisters who are very close to her also often advise her: "You are busy working in the nursing home all year round. What do you want? With your spirit, you can work with us in Shenzhen and Zhuhai to ensure that you make a lot of money." Faced with these "good intentions" and "enlightenment", Bao Aifang also hesitated. , but her heart softened when she thought of the helpless old people. Whenever someone "cares" about her and "enlightens her", she replies firmly: "The nursing home is my home, and the old people are mine." If I don’t take care of my family, who will take care of me?”
Bao Aifang, a young man in the world of lonely old people, is still single because he has no time to care about anything else. In 2001, after her story was broadcast on CCTV, letters of love flew in from all over the country. She still said the same old saying: "If you want to marry me, move to a nursing home." She dedicated her best years to it. For the ordinary cause of respecting the elderly, I realized the value of youth in my own job.
Bao Aifang has been awarded as an advanced worker in the national civil affairs system, one of the top ten outstanding youths and a model worker in Hainan Province.
Note:
In September and October of 1996, the author also went to Changjiang Li Autonomous County in Hainan Province for official business, and witnessed with his own eyes county, town and township leaders on the occasion of National Day. They had a great banquet in the restaurant of the Hainan Iron Mine Guest House in the "poor Changjiang County", eating, playing and taking along the food, spending as much as 180,000 yuan a day! Therefore, for a young person like Bao Aifang who is dedicated to her job, the heavy May 4th medal on her chest is not only her personal kindness and hard work, but also seems to cover up something.