Origin of the surname
The surname He (hé) originated from:
Origin 1
The Jin Dynasty was a prince in the early Zhou Dynasty The first monarch of the country
was Tang Shuyu, whose surname was Ji, whose given name was Yu, and whose given name was Zigan. He was the son of King Wu of Zhou and the younger brother of King Cheng of Zhou. He was granted a title in this place in the Tang Dynasty. The son of Yu "Xie's father thought that there was Jinshui in the south of Yao's ruins, so he changed his name to Jinhou" (see Mao's poetry book). King Wu of Zhou's wife was the daughter of Jiang Taigong and was revered as the Holy Mother by later generations. When King Wu of Zhou was meeting his wife Yi Jiang Huan, he once dreamed that the Emperor of Heaven said to him: I will let you have a son named Yu, and in the future you can grant him the title of Tang Kingdom. Later, when the fetus was born, there was indeed the character "Yu" on the palm of his hand, so he was named Yu and became known as Shu Yu. Among the three characters "Tang Shu Yu", Tang is the name of the feudal land, Shu is the rank, and Yu is the given name, which is the surname Ji.
The famous book on surnames of the Tang Dynasty, "Yuanhe Surname Compilation" records: "Han Wangan, the descendant of Tang Shuyu, the younger brother of King Zhou Cheng, was destroyed by Qin, and his descendants were scattered across the Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers. Their pronunciation was Han, so their surname was." [1 -2]
The origin of the surname "Ji-Han-He" of the He family in Lujiang has been confirmed by the epitaphs of He De, He Hongjing and He Yu in the Tang Dynasty.
Origin 2
According to "Research on Shang and Zhou Family Patterns": He surname, "inscribed on bronzes in the late Shang Dynasty, is the surname of relatives of the Shang royal family with different surnames." There are also oracle bone inscriptions that record which tribes participated in the sacrifice.
There is also the surname He from the ethnic minorities. In the Western Regions of China during the Han and Tang Dynasties, there was the Kangju regime established by the Yuezhi people. They originally lived in Zhaowu City in the north of the Qilian Mountains. They were later defeated by the Huns. They crossed the Congling Mountains to the west and established the Kang State. It became increasingly powerful. Mi, Shi, Cao, He, An, Xiao'an, Nasebo, Unachang, Mu and other regimes successively surrendered to Kang State, and all took Zhaowu as their surname to show that they did not forget their roots. Historically known as the "Nine Zhaowu Surnames", "He" is one of them.
Origin 3
It comes from changing his surname. "Hanshu·Wuxingzhi" says: In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a person named He Miao, whose original surname was Zhu. Later, he claimed to be surnamed He, and his descendants multiplied and became a branch of the surname He. "Surname Genealogy" records: The descendants of the fierce slave Chanyu in the Han Dynasty had the surname "He Nai" after returning to the Han Dynasty, and were also written as the surname "He Nai". In the Jin Dynasty, there was a general under the Mu Wang Jun of Youzhou who was named "He Nai" "Tiger". There are also compound surnames such as "He Ba", "He Ju", "He Lang", "He Lu" and "He Qiu". In addition, the boy He described in He Huangzhong should have the surname Ji of He. In addition, there is also the He surname in the branch of Shang's surname. The Dutch surname Bosman was changed to He. In the late Qing Dynasty, Ho Sze Man, a Dutch Jew who came to Hong Kong to develop, his original Dutch surname was Bosman in Chinese. The Cantonese pronunciation of Bosman is Boss-e-man and the transliteration in Cantonese is "Ho Sze Man" (Cantonese pinyin Ho Sze Man). There is also speculation that He Shiwen was It shows that he is from the Netherlands, so his Chinese surname is "He" which is the same as the Dutch "He". See the He Qidong family for details.
Fourth Origin
It originated from the official position. It came from Suo He, an official in the palace during the Han Dynasty. It was a surname based on the official title. Aohe, also known as Ao'e, was the name of female officials during the Han Dynasty, and later became the title of concubines in the Western Han Dynasty. The title of Aohe was assigned by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Liu Che. Later, according to the regulations of Emperor Liu Xi of the Yuan Dynasty of the Han Dynasty, Aohe was placed under Zhaoyi, and his status was equivalent to the Marquis of Guannei. Aohe was in charge of the affairs of the inner palace and had a very high status. His official rank was comparable to that of a second-grade official with a rank of two thousand shi. It is recorded in the historical book "Six Types of Han Officials·Old Rituals of Han Officials·Supplement": "The rank of Suo'e is higher than that of the generals and the imperial censors. Everyone calls her 'Aohe'. The rank of Suohe won two thousand stones." In the Han Dynasty, Among the official positions, all the officers in charge of central agencies such as Taichang, Guangluxun, Weiwei, Taipu, Tingwei, Dahonglu Zongzheng, Dasinong, Shaofu, Zhijinwu, etc. all have a salary of two thousand stone.
Among the descendants of Suo He, there are those who take the official title of their great-grandmother as their surname, and they are called the He family.
Fifth Origin
It originated from the name of the country. It came from a country in the Western Regions during the Sui Dynasty. It was a surname based on the Chinese name of the country. According to the historical record "Sui Shu": "What country is there in the Western Regions?" "What country is there in the Western Regions" is actually the Chinese translation of the first syllable of "Qushuang Naka". "Qushannika" is the transliteration of the Sanskritized word Kushacirc;nika, Middle Persian Kushacirc;nik, Arabic Kushacirc;niyya, etc. He State is located between Gu Kang State and Gu An State. It is the hub connecting East and West Sogdia. It is also translated as "Guishangni". It is one of the nine states of Zhaowu and was once under the jurisdiction of the Tang Dynasty.
Origin Six
Origined from the Mongolian people, it was a Chinese change of surname to surname. According to the historical records "General Chronicles of the Qing Dynasty· Clan Brief· Attached to the Surnames of the Eight Banners of Mongolia" and "Biography of Manchu and Han Ministers":
⑴. The Mongolian Kelie Yiti clan comes from the ancient Kelie tribe of the Mongolian people. The leader is the famous Wang Han. After Genghis Khan destroyed the Kelei tribe, they all fell under Genghis Khan's command. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Mongolian Kelie Yiti clan had Han surnames such as He and He.
⑵. The Mongolian Gorros clan, also known as the Huoluolasi clan, the Huolulu clan, the Gorroth clan, etc., was from the period of the Niluwen Mongolia and the Dellejin Mongolia. , Mi Xueer Yulu, a member of the Hongji Lati tribe, gave birth to a son named Huo Luo Lasi. He organized the Hu Luo Lasi clan. His descendants took the surname Huo Luo Lasi and became a branch of the Hong Ji Lati tribe. , in different historical periods, it has appeared in local historical materials as "Huo Luo Lasi", "Gol Luo Te" and other words, and in the historical book "Secret History of Mongolia" it has been described as "Huo Luo Lasi". During the early rise of Genghis Khan Temujin, the Khorarassi tribe opposed him, but later supported and participated in many of his wars to unify Mobei. When Genghis Khan divided the territory, the Huo Luo Luosi tribe accompanied Habtu Hasar to nomadically in the western foothills of the Greater Khingan Mountains. At this time, the title of the tribe was mostly called Guo Erluosi. In the middle of the 16th century, the Gorros tribe migrated to the confluence of the Songhua River and the Nen River with the Borzhijin family to nomadically. In the ninth year of Jin Tianming (1624 AD) at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Bumba, a descendant of Habutu Hassar, led some tribesmen to follow Obayi, the leader of the Korni tribe, to Houjin. In the fifth year of Shunzhi, Bumu was granted the title of Duke of Zhasak Town and was in charge of the front banner of Gorluoqi. Nine years later, the descendants of Hasar returned to Mu and took part of the Gorluoqi tribe back to Houjin. They were granted the title of auxiliary Duke of Zasak and took over the rear banner of Gorluosi. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Mongolian Guoerluosi clan often took the Han surname He, Guo, Gao, etc.
⑶. The Mongolian Xixia Gaole clan, also known as Xixia Huole clan and Xixia Gule clan, was based in Xixia Ha (now Dulan, Qinghai). After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, there were many crowns. Han surnames include He, Xia, Huang, etc.
⑷. According to the historical record "Biography of Manchu and Han Ministers": The Mongolian Mangnut clan is a tribe of Khalkha Mongolia, which is located in the vast area north of Hetao in China, Mongolia, and south of Lake Baikal in Russia. The Mangnut clan is distributed throughout the region, and it is one of the main surnames in Mongolia. After the late Qing Dynasty, the Mangnut clan of the Mongolian people in China had many Chinese surnames: He.
⑸. The Mongolian Keshiketeng clan takes the land as its surname. Keshiketeng is the title of "Quexuetai" given to the army by Genghis Khan, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, that is, the pro-army guard. During the Qing Dynasty, it was called Keshiketeng Banner. Later, it was given the Chinese surnames He and He.
⑹. The Mongolian Mao Hulai clan is a descendant of Mu Huali from the Zhalayi'er tribe in Mongolia. The Mongolian Mohulai (Mao Hu Lai) is the Mongolian pronunciation of Mu Huali. Zhalayir Muhuali was a famous Mongolian general and commander-in-chief of the Jin Dynasty. He was wise and strategic, brave and good at fighting. He assisted Genghis Khan in unifying the Mongolian tribes. He had outstanding military exploits and was praised by the Mongolian people as one of the "Four Heroes". His descendants took their first names as their surnames and lived in his fiefdom of Ordos (today's Ordos, Inner Mongolia). Later, they often had Han surnames such as He, Mou, and Li.
⑺. The Manghuti clan of the Mongolian ethnic group is also known as the Manggude clan and the Mangnude clan. Nachen, the seventh son of Menian Tudun, the eighth generation ancestor of Genghis Khan, organized Manhutai, the son of Atuer, into the Manhuti clan, and his descendants took Manhuti as their surname. The Manhuti tribe initially attached itself to Taiyichiwuti, and in the "Battle of Thirteen Wings", it formed an alliance with Zatlan and other tribes, and became the enemy of Genghis Khan Temujin. After the war, the Manghut people were dissatisfied with Jamukha's brutality. Under the leadership of their leader Manghut Udaer, they surrendered to Temujin and participated in the battle to unify all Mongolian tribes. In the "Battle of Haran Zhensha Tuo", Mahut Udaer and Uluruwut Shuchitai were both Temujin's vanguards. They overwhelmed five echelons of the enemy's army and forced them to retreat. Temujin turned the corner. When Genghis Khan was dividing the kings, many people from the Manhuti tribe followed Manhuti Orchijin eastward and settled east of the Greater Khingan Mountains. There are also some Manghuti tribes who live in the Halaha River Basin. There are scattered Manghuti people in Naiman, Ningcheng, Wengniute, Fuxin and other places in Inner Mongolia today. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Mongolian Manghuti clan had multiple Chinese surnames such as He, He, Niu, etc.
⑻. The Manggenut family of the Mongolian ethnic group is descended from the branch of the Manghuti family during the Yuan Dynasty and has lived in Karaqin (today’s left wing of Karaqin, Inner Mongolia). Later, some Manchus adopted it as a surname, and the Manchu name was Manggenut Hala. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, there were many Chinese surnames such as He and Niu.
⑼. The Burtu family of the Mongolian ethnic group has lived in Keshiketeng (now Chifeng, Inner Mongolia) for a long time. Later, the Manchu people adopted the surname as Bultu Hala. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, there were many Chinese surnames such as He and He.
⑽. The Mongolian Heyi family, also known as the Hele family, has lived in Bahrain (now the Left and Right Banners of Bahrain, Inner Mongolia) for a long time. Later, some Manchus adopted it as a surname, and in Manchu it was Here Hala. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, many people had the Han surname He.
⑾. The Mongolians and the Tuoguote clan, also known as the Horut clan, have yet to be determined. Later, some Manchu people adopted it as a surname, and the Manchu name was HetogotHala. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, many people had the Han surname He.
⑿. The Mongolian Hesit family, also known as Hexile, originated from Barhu Mongolia and lived in Kulun (now the Kulun River Basin in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia). Later, some Manchus adopted it as a surname, and the Manchu name was Hesit Hala. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, many people had the Han surname He.
Origin 7
Original from the Hui ethnic group, it is a Chinese-style change of surname to surname. According to the document "He Family Genealogy of Dachang, Hebei Province":
⑴. The He family of Dachang Hui family lived in Shangyuan County, Jinling, south of the Yangtze River. Their ancestor was Shiwu La, who was given the Mongolian name during the Yuan Dynasty. "He Yesi Da'er". In the early Ming Dynasty, He Yesidaer followed the Yan King Zhu Di to Fuchengmen in Beijing. Later, in the early Yongle year of the Ming Dynasty (1403 AD), he was named General Wude and had thousands of households. In the second year of Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty (1404 AD) ) moved to Dachangzhuang, Hebei Province and settled down, and took the homophonic Chinese character for the first sound of "He Ye Sida'er" as his surname, and called him He.
⑵. Among the Hui people, there are also homophonic Chinese characters for the first character of the Chinese translation of "fire" (meaning prominent and wealthy, and later evolved into noble, scholar, and saint) in Islamic teachings. Those with the last name are called He. The Hui people who live in the Hexi Corridor area of ??Gansu Province still pronounce He's name as "fire".
Eight Origins
It originates from the Xibo people and is a Chinese-style surname.
According to the historical record "General Chronicles of the Qing Dynasty, Clan Briefing, Surnames of the Eight Banners of Manchuria":
The Yilari clan of the Xibe tribe is also known as the Yili clan, the Yilari clan, and the Yilari clan. His family lived in Wula (now Yongji, Jilin), Yehe (now Lishu, Jilin), Feiyoucheng (now Gaolicheng Village, Sanjiazi Township, Hunchun, Jilin), and Yihan Alin City (15 kilometers northeast of today's Jilin City). , Songhua River and other places, some Manchu people later adopted this surname as Ilari Hala in Manchu, which means "open" in Chinese. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Xibo and Manchu Ilari clans had multiple Han surnames: He, Yi, Zhao, Ni, Pan, Su, Xu, Yue, Yu, Zhen, and Bai. , Fan family, Hao family, Jin family, Li family, etc.
Origin Liujiu
It originates from the Daur ethnic group and is a Chinese-style surname.
According to the historical records of "General Chronicles of the Qing Dynasty, Clan Briefing, and Surnames of the Eight Banners of Manchuria":
⑴. The Esulhu clan of the Daur tribe, also known as Esul, lived in Mulu (today's Across the Heihe River in Heilongjiang (the area around Sukhkino in Russia), Solon, Zhuoqin (all in the vast area west of the Nenjiang River in Heilongjiang) and other places. Later, some Manchus adopted it as a surname, and the Manchu name was Esurhu Hala. Later, many Chinese surnames were E and He.
⑵. The Keyin clan of the Daur ethnic group has lived in Heilongjiang Keyin (now the Kochi River Basin on the right bank of the lower reaches of Heilongjiang, Russia) and Jiqin (now Zhalantun, Inner Mongolia). Later, some Manchus adopted it as a surname, and the Manchu name was Kein Hala. Later, there were many Han surnames: He and Qin.
Origin 10
Original from the Ewenki people, the surname was changed to a surname in Sinicization. According to the historical records "General Chronicles of the Qing Dynasty, Clan Briefing, Surnames of the Eight Banners in Manchuria" and "General Chronicles of Jilin":
The Gerke family of the Ewenki people, also known as the Gelik family and the Urgunkel family, has He lived in Gerqin (today's Jilin and Longyin Yanghe). Later, some Manchu people named him Gerk Hala. After the late Qing Dynasty, the Ewenki, Manchu and Geerke clans all had the Han surname He.
Origin 11
Original from the Oroqen people, it is a Chinese-style surname. According to the historical record "Butha Zhilue":
The Oroqen tribe's Kolteyir clan, also known as the Keltsir clan, includes Nadanqian, Honggaidaqian, and Checheyi'er. Thousands of other branches. Later, some Manchus adopted it as a surname, and the Manchu name was Kertelr Hala. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Oroqen and Manchu Colts had many Han surnames.
Twelve origins
It stems from changing the surname, which belongs to the category of taking the surname as a surname for some reason.
① According to the historical book "Hanshu Five Elements Chronicles": "He Miao, whose original surname is Zhu, took the surname He.
”
②The He family in Huangtun, Lujiang, Anhui, is a descendant of Fang Xiaoru, a famous scholar in the Ming Dynasty. After Fang Xiaoru was brutally executed, the Fang family fled from Jiangxi to Anhui. Why did they change their name to Fang Xiaoru? However, the genealogy of this branch of the He family stipulates that their surname is He and Fang after death. This is a very special situation in the origin of the He family.
③ During the Qing Dynasty, the family name was He. The compiled Puyang "Qiu Shan Yimen He Family Genealogy" states: He Yanshou, the first ancestor of the He family, moved to Puyang from the end of Tai Dynasty in the eighth year of Dazhong in the Tang Dynasty. By the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Huai En, the twentieth generation, had no heirs. , so he was succeeded by his nephew Xu Zongfu. In the previous genealogy, Zongfu was named the Xu family genealogy, and the other two "Puyang Qiushan He family genealogy" respectively regarded Xu Yi or Xu Zongfu of the Southern Song Dynasty as the first ancestor.
④ In the 48th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, He Shixu, a native of Xincheng, Shandong, was promoted to minister and governor. His surname was Chen, and his seventh generation ancestor took his uncle's surname. This is a rare phenomenon.
Origin Thirteen
It originated from the descendants of the Bo people. According to folklore, the Bo people were not exterminated. The surname was changed to "He" during the suppression of the Ming Dynasty. There is a record in the Ming Dynasty that the leader of the Bo people, "A Da Wang", was killed in Jiusi City, the capital of the Bo people. Someone once interviewed an old man named He in the local area and said that his ancestor He Daning was originally the chief of A Da and A Da. Two members of the same clan later joined the army under a general named He and changed their surname to He. Gong County is located at the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. It is the most typical place for hanging coffins in ancient times. In the past, there was a Ming proverb "You Barley (Yi people), "Fan Miaozi, the He family in the back mountain hangs a rock". As for why the Bo people have the hanging coffin burial custom, "Gongxian County Chronicle" records: "It is said that there was Luo Yin, because the Bo people thought that their clan was extinct, they taught them to hang on the rock to bury their descendants. Gao Xian. So they fought to hang up high rocks for good luck. ”