Common surnames are: Tsuruta Katori, Nozawa Aso, Oda Kiri Kusanagi, Inagaki? Kimura? Nakai? Seto? Yamashita Sakai? Matsumoto? Ishida? Shibasaki Fujiwara? Fukuyama? Eguchi? Karasawa? Nagasawa Shiina Matsushima Shiraishi Suzuki Domoto? Nakama? Oda Takizawa Tsumaoki Yakushimaru? Iki Ishikuro? Toyokawa? Hiramiya Kudo Akanishi Ikuta Takashima? Matsuyama? Inohara Nishikido Castle Takenouchi Hirosue Ninomiya? Ishigaki? Komatsu? Oguri? Tanaka? Hamasaki Hamada Koda Shida Kashii? Yamamoto? Harada Nagayama Kuriyama Maeda Okabe Ninjojijima? Kuroki? Mizuno Ise Yanoguchi? Tsuchiya? Kitano Ayase Sawajiri Eikura? Kato? Miyazaki? Kaze Matoda Yamaguchi Ikawa Fukada Yonekura? Sato? Koike? Ueno? Ito? Sudo Nagase Beishou Kishitani Akasaka Nakamura Aiba Imai? Kurokawa? Ito? Igarashi? Okada Intershima Tani Tsutsumi Kase? Yoshida ?Kanzuki Fukatsukubozuka Office? Yamada? Fukiishi? Yoshioka? Uchida Abe Yoshizawa? Matsuda? Hasegawa? Kuninaka Kamikawa? Kitamura? Hobu Kyono? Tenkai? Nakayama Nakatani? Kagawa? Yoshinagaoka Motobu Mumukai Inamori Narumi Ichikawa? Tamayama?Kamenashi Matsushita Takahashi Nakadai?Inoue?Yoshikawa?Tezuka?Tomosaka?Miyazawa?Sakurai?Ohno?Tabe Mito?Hiraoka?Nose Tekoshi Utada Kuraki Amuro Namiki Ono Nakajima Takenaka Nakai Yoshi Taka? Ando? Kawashima? Kikikawa Kanno? Abe? Ichihara? Koizumi? Aoi? Kato? Asano, Tsukamoto Shinohara, Shirakawa? Murakawa Yata Miura Irie Kano Valley? Kokura? Mizushima Damasa Uehara Uchihara Tsukawa Jinuchi Uchiyama Yamaguchi Palace This class.
? It may sound a bit unbelievable for the country to order everyone across the country to take a surname, but this has indeed happened in Japan. In the third year of Meiji (AD 1870), the Japanese government made the decision that "all citizens can have a surname." However, not many people responded, so the government had to promulgate the mandatory "Miao Characters Must Be Named Ordinance" in the eighth year of Meiji (1875), which stipulated that "all citizens must have a surname." This is indeed the case. Before 1875, the vast majority of people in Japan, which is just a stone's throw away from us, did not have surnames. It can be said that it is only more than a hundred years ago that Japanese people had surnames. ?
In ancient times, only nobles in Japan had surnames and given names. Their so-called surnames were different from the surnames we understand. ?
At the end of the fourth century AD, Japan's Yamato court unified many small countries in the southern part of the Japanese archipelago into one country. The basis of its political rule was the surname system. Headed by the great king of the Yamato court (later the emperor), a blood-related group was established between the nobles who controlled the central power and the kings of small countries affiliated with the court. These groups were called "family", and a "family" was established. That is, a noble family. ?
Some of the names of surnames come from official positions, some come from the place names of places of residence and rule, some come from the names of gods, and some come from skills. For example, those who live in Izumo country are called "Izumo clan", and those who perform sacrificial work are called "Kibbe clan". The Daiou family, which held the highest power in the Yamato court, was the most powerful clan at the time. ?
Later, the royal family gave "surnames" to many clans affiliated to the imperial court according to their closeness, blood relationship, and merit and influence. This "surname" cannot be regarded as a real surname. It is just a title indicating status, family lineage, and position, similar to a title. There were about 30 surnames at that time, among which "Xianchen", "Jun", "Zhi", etc. were given to the royal family and prominent nobles, and were the most powerful surnames. ?
Due to the proliferation of the population, a large clan has many branches. These branches gave themselves the name "Miao". The word "Miao" means shoots and branches, that is, branches branching off from the family. For example, Fujiwara is a large clan. After the separation, the Fujiwara clan living in Omi Kingdom took the first names of "Omi" and "Fujiwara" and called them "Kondo". The Fujiwara clan who lived in Ise, Toe, and Kaga were called Ito, Endo, and Kato. By the 8th year of Meiji, people who had never had a surname also wanted to get some glory from the word "Fuji" when choosing their own surname, so "Fujita", "Fujimoto", "Fujii", "Fujiyama", "Fujikawa", "Cane" and other surnames were born.
?
It can be seen that at this time, the surname can express part of the family blood relationship, but the surname only indicates the status of the family, and the character Miao represents a new branch. However, at this time, the characters surname, surname, and Miao only represent nobles. Only then. ?
In the middle of the seventh century, during the Dahua Reform period, hereditary titles were abolished, and surnames indicating family status lost their meaning. Family names and surnames were mixed into one, and some of them became the surnames that have been passed down to the present. At this time, surnames were still the exclusive preserve of the nobility. By the 19th century, surnames were limited to warriors, wealthy businessmen, and powerful people in the village. These people apply to the authorities and obtain special permission to have a surname. It is a great honor to be able to "carry a sword in your name". The so-called "carrying a sword" means having a surname. Ordinary civilians only have a first name but no surname. ?
During the reign of Emperor Meiji, the government felt that it was very inconvenient to have no surname, fabricate household registration, tax and levy, so it called on everyone to take a surname. However, due to people's long-term habits, no one thought What surname should I use? At this point, the government had to issue an order that "all citizens must have a surname." At this time, people hurriedly found surnames, and a craze for surnames arose across the country. Those who live in Aoki Village are named Aoki, those who live by the bridge are named Daqiao, those who have a pine tree in front of their house are named Matsushita, and those who have a mountain in front of their door are named Yamaguchi. So Tanaka, Miki, Yamada, Nikko, Beifeng, Qianbu, Shangfang, Guanyin, these surnames that Chinese people find strange suddenly came out. ?
Surnames based on place names include "Ueno", "Tanaka", "Kawachi", "Uehara", "Ichihara", "Rikuzen", "Omiya", "Yoshiokaya", "Mikawaya", "Feihouya", and those with occupation as surnames include "Mixiang", "Weimei", "Na prostitute", "Zhufan", "Hattori", "Forging", and "Furui Maru". Some people use the names of ancient warriors as surnames, such as "Sakai", "Honda", and "Uesugi", which are all the names of ancient warriors. There are also some who are afraid of official punishment and "have no choice but to choose a surname", choosing fish, vegetables, temples or occupations as their surnames. Suzuki was originally a symbol held by the priest, and it also became a surname. Those who are literate can choose good-sounding words such as Fushou, Longevity, Thousand Years, Songzhu, and Asahi as surnames. Symbols of longevity such as pine, crane, and turtle also became surnames, as did hundreds, thousands, and ten thousand. Some people really can't think of a good way, so they have to deal with one at random, such as "My grandson", "Pig hand", "Inuyang", "Ghost head", and "Eggplant River", and some let the officials come up with one at random. . ?
In 1898, the government enacted the Household Registration Law, and the surname of each household was fixed and could not be changed at will. Because Japanese surnames come suddenly and in a special way, their connotations are also unique. Most surnames in various countries around the world express blood relationships, but Japanese surnames rarely have this meaning. People with the same surname may not necessarily be related by blood, and people with different surnames may be uncles or grandfathers. ?
Most Japanese surnames consist of two Chinese characters, some have one character, and most have nine characters. Such as: Kita, Pond, Bank, Tanaka, Suzuki, Utsunomiya, Saionji Temple, Chisho Kawara, Exploration and Interpretation of Xiaolu, etc. Therefore, in order to distinguish which are surnames and which are first names, in formal signature situations, one character should be left between the surname and the given name. For example, Inoue Kiyoshi should be written as "Inoue Kiyoshi", and Sankaidōjin should be written as "Inoue Kiyoshi". "Sankaido Jin", Yagi Shita Hiro, should be written as "Yagi Shita Hiro".