Presenting Hada: Hada is an indispensable item in Mongolian daily rituals. Offering hada is a etiquette used by Mongolian herdsmen to greet guests and in daily interactions. When offering a hada, the host holds the hada with open hands, chants auspicious wishes or praises, exaggerates the atmosphere of respect, and at the same time points the folded opening of the hada toward the guests receiving the hada. Guests should stand up and face the hada presenter, and concentrate on listening to the toast and accepting the toast. When receiving the hada, the guest should bow slightly forward, and the person presenting the hada should hang the hada around the guest's neck. Guests should put their hands together in front of their chests to express their gratitude to the person who presented the hada.
Serving tea: When visiting a herdsman's house or at a tourist spot, the host or the waitress will first serve the guest a bowl of milk tea. Guests should stand up slightly and use both hands or right hand to receive the gift. Never use the left hand to receive the gift, otherwise it will be considered as not being etiquette. When the host or waitress is pouring tea, if the guest does not want tea, please gently touch the spoon or spout with the edge of the bowl, and the host will immediately understand the guest's intention.
Toast: Pour wine to toast guests, which is the traditional way of Mongolian hospitality. They believe that fine wine is the essence of food and the crystallization of grains. They offer the most precious food to express the respect and love of the grassland shepherds to their guests. Usually the host pours the wine into a silver bowl, gold cup or horn cup, puts it on a long hada, and sings a touching Mongolian traditional toast song. If the guest refuses to drink, he will be considered to be disrespectful to the host. Look down on him and don't want to treat him sincerely. Guests should immediately catch the wine, dip their ring fingers in the wine and tap it in the direction of heaven, earth and the stove to show their respect to the gods of heaven, earth and fire. Don't force yourself if you don't know how to drink, but you can touch your lips as a sign of acceptance of the host's pure friendship.
Respecting gods: Mongolian people have the custom of worshiping gods at their banquets. According to the "Mongolian Customs", the chef cuts the sheep into nine equal pieces of meat, "The first piece is offered to heaven, the second piece is offered to earth, the third piece is offered to Buddha, the fourth piece is offered to ghosts, and the fifth piece is offered to humans. The sixth piece is dedicated to the mountain, the seventh piece is dedicated to the tomb, the eighth piece is dedicated to the land and water gods, and the ninth piece is dedicated to the emperor." To offer sacrifices to the sky, throw the meat on top of the yurt; to offer sacrifices to the ground, throw the meat into the fire; to offer sacrifices to Buddha, place it in front of the shrine; to offer sacrifices to ghosts, place it outside the bag; to offer sacrifices to mountains, hang it on the sacred tree branch, and to offer sacrifices to the tomb. Ancestors of this nation. Place it outside the bag, sacrifice it to the water god and throw it into the river. Finally, sacrifice it to Genghis Khan and place it in front of the shrine. This custom can be traced back to ancient shamanism, which worshiped a variety of gods. Later, Lamaism, believed by the Mongolian people, absorbed their ancient folk beliefs and incorporated many gods into the trajectory of Lamaism.
Hospitality: The Mongolian people have been known for their straightforward temperament and hospitality since ancient times. He is full of enthusiasm for those who come to his home, whether he is a regular or a stranger. First, the fragrant milk tea was presented, and plates of white milk rind and cheese were brought out. After drinking milk tea, the host will serve mellow milk wine, and in midsummer, guests will also be treated to kumiss. In some areas, there are certain rules for grilling meat with hands to entertain guests. For example, a pipa bone is served with four long ribs; for beef, one spine is served with half a rib and a section of sausage. Before a girl gets married or when she returns to her parents' home after getting married, she is treated with lamb breast meat. The lamb's calf bones, chin, and neck meat are all given to the younger generations and children. When receiving distinguished guests or on festive days, a whole sheep feast is served.
Respect the old and love the young: Mongolians have an orderly approach, respecting the old and loving the young. When visiting a herdsman's house in a ger, greet the elderly when you see them. Do not pass in front of the elderly, do not sit on top of them, and do not sit side by side with the elderly without permission. When addressing the elderly, you should address them as "you". Do not address them with "you" or call them by their first names. When you see herdsmen's children, don't scold them loudly, let alone hit them. Do not talk about your child's physical defects in front of family members. Being kind and affectionate to children is considered a sign of respect for parents.
Singing: The Mongolian people’s persuasion to drink is often expressed through sincere singing. Singing and persuasion to drink are performed at the same time. Often one person sings the lead, then everyone raises their glasses and sings a chorus, and then everyone toasts together, and so on several times. The wine is in full swing. There are ceremonial singing, impromptu singing, singing by one or several people, and chorus singing. The singing is often full of joy and lasts all night long.
Hospitality: The Mongolian nation has the traditional virtue of hospitality, which has been passed down from ancient times to the present.
It is a noble traditional Mongolian etiquette to offer tea to guests. In the history of Mongolia, tea was always used as a social treat, whether in a wealthy family or a poor family, in the upper class or among the common people, in social interactions or at home, on journeys, or on all other occasions. When guests come to your home, tea is an essential treat.
Therefore, when herdsmen entertain guests, as usual, they first offer a bowl of milk tea to the distinguished guest, and then the host brings fried rice and large bowls of butter (called Jiaohe in Mongolian), milk tofu, naipizi and other dairy products.
Then the housewife dressed in ethnic costumes served fragrant milk wine to entertain the guests, which is also a traditional Mongolian etiquette. The host will use poetic language to persuade you to drink: "Guests from afar, please drink a glass of prairie wine. This is the essence of our nation's traditional food and the deep affection of our prairie people."
The Mongolian people respect etiquette and become accustomed to it, which is still the case today. Everything should be done according to the etiquette, respect the elders and the young, compatriots meet each other, the elders and the younger are in order, guests and friends are polite, and guests feel like they are home. Of course, with the advancement of the times and the improvement of material and cultural levels, the expressions of etiquette have developed, enriched, and improved on the original basis, such as bowing, shaking hands, exchanging souvenirs, etc. It became popular among the Mongolian people.
It is conceivable that with the noble qualities and moral sentiments that permeate the Mongolian people's behavior and treatment of others, what we feel will be the national virtues of being honest and hospitable.
Choose hunting dogs: The Mongolian people have the custom of hunting with hunting dogs. Therefore, they attach great importance to choosing and retaining a good hunting dog - "Tiger", which is a castrated short-haired dog. When selecting hunting dogs, attention should be paid to good breeds, that is, from well-bred puppies, puppies with long waists, long and well-proportioned tails, sensitive hearing, sharp vision, agile movements, and fast running times should be selected as hunting dogs.
When you go out hunting for the first time to tame a hunting dog, first pour the blood of the fox into the dog's nose to make it an enemy of foxes and wolves. If you are a hound that specializes in hunting foxes and wolves, then hunting rabbits is taboo. Otherwise you will lose your main goal once you encounter a rabbit while chasing a fox.
A well-trained hunting dog must understand the following points: whistling, signaling, waving, pointing, calling and other cues and requirements. A good hound can not only catch a fox running in the wild, but also pull a fox out of a hole by biting its tail.
Hound dogs are fed once a day. While feeding rice, you should also add some meat such as rabbit and mutton, but the meat must be cooked, salted and left to dry before feeding. The amount of feeding for hunting dogs should be small and within certain standards, and avoid overfeeding. For nine days in winter, to prevent winter cracks in the dog's paws, garlic paste should be applied to the dog's paws. On the fifth and ninth day, the hunting dog must be tied to a saddle with Chinese stains to control the belly and lift the fat.
At the end of autumn, during the white dew season, horses and hunting dogs begin to be suspended. After hanging up, the hunters choose a day called "Red Magpie" when they can see red to hunt. After arriving at the hunting location, worship the god Manaihan first and then start hunting. People who lead hunting dogs usually lead more than two hunting dogs. The total number of dogs owned by nearly ten hunters is thirty or forty. They lined up in an area three to five miles wide. Some of them released their dogs when they saw prey, while others only made preparations and did not release their dogs until the critical moment. Each hunting dog can catch two or three foxes a day on average. Hunting with hunting dogs is not divided according to the number of prey caught by the hunting dogs. According to traditional customs, all participants can get a share of the hunt.