Who is Qin Shihuang?

Qin Shihuang (259-21 BC) was the first founding emperor of the Qin Dynasty who completed the unification of China. Later generations called it "an emperor through the ages." Last name won, Mingzheng. Han nationality, the son of King Xiang of Qin Zhuang, was born in Zhao State, so he is also called Zhao Zheng. At the age of 13, he became king. At the age of 22, he held an adult coronation ceremony in Yongcheng, his old capital. Since then, he officially ascended the throne, and at the age of 39, he completed the historic cause of unifying China and proclaimed himself emperor. In the first 246 years, the King of Qin won the throne, because the young government was in charge of the Queen Mother and the prime ministers Lv Buwei and Lao Ai. In the first 238 years (the ninth year of the reign of the king of Qin), the king of Qin ruled the country personally, getting rid of Lu, Mao and others, and reusing Li Si and Wei Liao. From 23 BC to the first 221 BC, the six countries of Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi were destroyed successively, completing the great cause of reunifying the whole country and establishing the first unified, multi-ethnic and autocratic country in the history of China. Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, thought that his contribution was better than that of the previous Three Emperors and Five Emperors, and named himself "Emperor". There have been merits and demerits in his life, and he is also called "Qin Huang Hanwu" with Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. According to Sima Qian's Biography of Historical Records of Lv Buwei, Qin Shihuang's mother was the daughter of General Zhao, and she was Lv Buwei's concubine before giving it to Zi Chu. Lv Buwei gave Zhao Ji, who was pregnant, to an alien (that is, King Xiang of Qin Zhuang) for political purposes. Later, Zhao Ji was pregnant in December and gave birth to Ying Zheng, but it was actually the illegitimate child of Lv Buwei and Queen dowager Zhao. According to the research results of modern medicine [source request], there are few cases of twelve months of pregnancy; At the same time, menopause as a sign of pregnancy can also be suspected by strangers. Therefore, it is possible that Sima Qian made mistakes in Historical Records. ) As the son of a proton who was not favored, Ying Zheng spent his boyhood in Handan, the capital of Zhao. At this time, the alien had already returned to Qin through the mediation of Lv Buwei, and recognized Mrs. Huayang as his mother. After many political struggles, he finally gained Huayang's trust. Lv Buwei spent a lot of energy and money to take Zhao Ji's mother and son back to Qin, and Ying Zheng began his political career in Qin king Palace. Three years after he ascended the throne (247 years ago), King Zhuang Xiang died, and Ying Zheng became the king of Qin. When he acceded to the throne, because he was young, the national politics was dominated by Lv Buwei, the prime minister, and Lv Buwei was honored as Guanzhong. Lv Buwei not only controls the imperial court, but also has an affair with the Empress Dowager (Zhao Ji). Seeing that Qin Shihuang was getting older, he was afraid of being discovered by him, so he presented the fake eunuch Lao Ai to the Queen Mother. As a result, the Queen Mother gave birth to two illegitimate children, and Lao Ai, a fake eunuch, assumed the title of Wang Fu, made a long letter, owned Shanyang, Taiyuan and other places, and collected his own henchmen. Lao Ai has been operating in Yongcheng for many years and established a huge force. In the first 238 years, Qin Shihuang held a crown ceremony at the Yong Nian Palace in Yongcheng. Lao Ai used the decree to launch a rebellion, and attacked the Qinian Palace. Qin Shihuang had already arranged 3, chosen men in the Qinian Palace to defeat the rebels. Lao Ai turned to Xianyang Palace, where there were already troops. Lao Ai fled alone and was arrested soon. Qin Shihuang dismembered Lao Ai's five horses and exposed them to the public; And put his mother Zhao Ji in the Lv Yang Palace in Yongcheng. Qin Shihuang then removed Lv Buwei from his post and exiled Lv Buwei to Bashu. Abolish the enfeoffment system nationwide and replace it with the county system; Under the direct control of the emperor, a whole set of bureaucracy was established from the central government to the counties. Based on the original laws and decrees of Qin State, and absorbing some provisions of the laws of the six countries, a unified law was formulated and promulgated. The former nobles of the six countries were moved to Guanzhong and Bashu to prevent their separatist activities. It also explicitly prohibits the collection of weapons by the people, destroys the confiscated weapons, and casts 12 gold men. Later, although he listened to the nobles of Qin State and issued the "Expulsion Order" to expel the diners from the six countries, he was discouraged by Li Si's "Exhortation to Expulsion", and later he appointed Wei Liaozi, Li Si and others. Luxury life Soon after the emperor ascended the throne, he began to send people to design and build the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor. After the unification of the six countries, the luxurious Epang Palace was built immediately, with a maximum of 72, workers (imaginary numbers indicate a large number). Before Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, there were already many palaces, but during the period of unifying the six countries, construction was even greater. Every time a country was destroyed, it was necessary to copy its palace buildings near Xianyang, and the total area reached an alarming level. The whole Guanzhong area, from the north of Weihe River to the east of Yong Men, to the Jinghe area, was full of palaces. After reunification, Epang Palace (also known as Chaogong and Epang as its former temple name) was built on the south bank of Weihe River, and more than 7, migrant workers were employed every year. Although some people argued that these people were guilty, the proportion of 7, was amazing compared with the national population of only 2 million at that time. The Imperial Palace can accommodate 1, people, and it takes cars and horses to transport food and wine inside. The area of a front hall alone is 693 meters long from east to west, 116 meters wide from north to south, and the pedestal is as high as 11.65 meters, which can seat 1, people. However, the archaeological team of Epang Palace, which is jointly composed of the Institute of Archaeology of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Institute of Cultural Relics Protection and Archaeology of Xi 'an, found that Epang Palace was not built at all, and this palace only completed its foundation in the Qin Dynasty. In addition, there are Xingle Palace, Liangshan Palace and so on. According to "Three Ancients' Old Stories", the State of Qin has "one hundred and forty-five temples at home and abroad". According to Records of the Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor, the State of Qin has "3 palaces in Guanzhong, more than 4 outside the customs", in addition, "within 2 miles of Xianyang" and "27 palaces". If there is a palace, there must be beautiful women. When the Six Kingdoms were destroyed, all the beautiful women from all countries were plundered and put in the palaces built. The total number of ladies-in-waiting, according to the old records of Sanfu: there are more than 1, women in the harem, and they are angry with the sky. Moreover, after the death of Qin Shihuang, most of these ladies-in-waiting were forced to die. The Lishan Tomb was built from the time the King of Qin ascended the throne. It lasted for more than 3 years and was built by 7, workers every year. The tomb now preserved is 2 meters in circumference and 55 meters in height from the periphery. The interior decoration is extremely luxurious, with copper casting roofs, mercury as rivers, lakes and seas, and full of organs. Moreover, the craftsmen who built the mausoleum were all buried alive after the mausoleum was built. In order to live forever, he sent alchemist Xu (that is, Xu Fu) to lead thousands of children and men to the East China Sea to ask for immortals, etc., which consumed huge financial and human resources and deepened the suffering of the people. Thirty-seven years after his death (21 years ago), Qin Shihuang returned to Pingyuan and became ill. Going to the sand dunes (now northwest of Guangzong, Hebei Province), Qin Shihuang died of illness. Zhao Gao colluded with Hu Hai, the youngest son of the first emperor, and Reese, and forged a testamentary edict to make Hu Hai a prince for Qin Ershi. And gave Prince Fu Su death.