1, yes, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees all belong to the hard phase in astrology (the so-called hard phase is poor compatibility and disharmony), and it seems to include the range of 4 degrees before and after.
2. Judging whether the phase of a planet is good or not depends largely on whether it is at 120, 60, 30 degrees (including 4 degrees before and after) with other planets.