First, Polaris and Southern Cross.
Polaris
The Southern Cross, the green line in the picture, two stars, α and β, will point to an area with no stars at all, which is due south!
Second, the sparse leaves of trees are in the north, the lush leaves are in the south, the dense stumps are in the north, the broad rings of trees are in the south, the ant holes in the roots of trees are in the south, and the mossy side of stones is in the north (applicable to the northern hemisphere, but the opposite is true in the southern hemisphere).
Thirdly, on the hillside, it is judged that the snow melting is slow in winter, the snowy side is north, the snow melting is fast, and the snowy side is south. (This is true for the northern hemisphere, but the opposite is true for the southern hemisphere)
Fourth, with the help of the back, mark the middle part of the head of the shadow left by the sun on the human body with branches, and then mark that the middle part of the head of the shadow moves for an hour with the movement of the sun (it doesn't matter if the time is different), which can be distinguished by these two marked lines. The sun goes from east to west. If the shadow is from west to east, then this line is from west to east. Similarly, the effect of moonlight is the same.
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