At the same time, the same situation also appeared in Sun Yat-sen University, where the proportion of female graduate students in Chinese Department increased year by year-the ratio of male to female rose from 6∶ 1 in 2004 and 2005 to nearly 7∶ 1 in 2006.
Guangzhou Daily reported that Professor Zhang Minqiang, deputy director of the Psychological Application Research Center of South China Normal University, told the reporter: "As soon as I entered the classroom, a' colorful' daughter country attracted attention, but it was also worrying!"
In fact, the phenomenon of more women than men is gradually spreading from foreign language majors and normal universities to comprehensive universities; Even in universities with science and engineering majors, the proportion of female students is increasing year by year. Even in clinical medicine, a male-dominated major, female students have changed from "absolute disadvantage" to "slight advantage".
Experts believe that the ratio of male to female in colleges and universities in China is not unbalanced at present, but the "rapid" rise of the ratio of female students in colleges and universities, especially those with high academic qualifications, is a phenomenon worthy of attention.
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"This is something that happened in recent years, and I suddenly found out how many girls came up at once-every time I went to class, the classroom was actually' colorful', and it took me half a day to find a few boys." Professors and doctoral supervisors of many key universities in Guangdong are all conveying the same discovery to reporters-there are more and more girls in universities now.
A few days ago, a reporter attended the national eco-tourism seminar. Three doctors from universities spoke at the meeting. Coincidentally, this "doctoral group" is all female soldiers, and eco-tourism is a science major. This coincidence is a bit surprising.
Female students majoring in liberal arts have an absolute advantage.
Statistics show that before the expansion of enrollment in 1999, there were fewer female students in China, accounting for only about 20%, which has soared to about 40% this year.
At present, the proportion of female students entering higher education is increasing rapidly in the whole country, especially in areas where urban candidates are the main candidates. Last year, in Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Xinjiang and other places, the proportion of girls admitted to the college entrance examination had already exceeded that of boys.
In this regard, Guangdong Statistics Department has no special statistical data at present, but from the situation reflected by key universities, the power of women in Guangdong universities is equally strong.
In liberal arts majors, the dominant position of female students has a long history, but this situation is being further strengthened. Teacher Wang, who works as a counselor in Guangdong Teachers College of Technology, talked about this matter and called it a big headache. She told reporters that being a counselor in the Chinese Department is like living in a "girl country"-among the undergraduates in 2006, girls 145, and boys only 2 1, accounting for only 12.6% of the total number.
Foreign language colleges and majors are even more obvious. Xu of the Admissions Office of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies told the reporter, "There have been more girls in Guangwai. In recent years, the extinction of boys in some small language classes is very common, but the school has been trying to maintain gender balance. " In Shanghai International Studies University, girls account for about 68% of the total number of students. At Beijing Foreign Studies University, the figure is as high as 75%.
Science and engineering girls are not weak either.
It is not surprising that in the eyes of most people, liberal arts majors account for the majority; It is typical that the number of female students rises rapidly in science majors in comprehensive universities and even science colleges.
Party Zhi, dean of the School of Environmental Science and Engineering of South China University of Technology, told reporters that there are also cases where girls are in the majority. As far as his current major in environmental science is concerned, there are 9 female graduate students in 16, accounting for more than half.
Clinical medicine used to be considered as a male-dominated major. However, according to the statistics of Sun Yat-sen University in recent years, the number of undergraduates in the medical department has also changed from "absolute disadvantage" to "slight advantage"-53 out of the 8-year clinical medicine major 100 undergraduates this year. According to the statistics of Sun Yat-sen University, creatures that have always been regarded as male subjects are "half male and half female" when studying for master's degree.
The higher the education, the more girls there are.
Professor Zhang Minqiang, who has been engaged in teaching for more than 20 years, is deeply touched by this. He told reporters that this problem has been bothering him for a long time. "I remember in the mid-1980s, I once brought two students, and none of them were girls. When I first paid attention to this problem, I was still teaching at Sun Yat-sen University. I feel that this change has gradually occurred since the end of the 1990 s. "
"I used to deliberately control the ratio of boys and girls to half when enrolling students, but this line of defense has been broken. I went to two graduate students or three women and two men. This time it was four women and one man, and the last time it was the most prominent, five women and one man. " Zhang Minqiang, who began to notice this problem very early, felt a little helpless about it.
"However, this kind of situation not only happened to me. It has been several years since the psychology department of China Normal University enrolled students, and the number of online girls is mostly. Take this year for example, more than 100 students signed up, including more than 80 girls. " He admits that while worrying, he can only accept the reality that there are more and more girls.
"College students are Zhao Min, undergraduates are Huang Rong, master students are Li Mochou, doctoral students are extinct teachers, and postdoctoral students are even more terrible. It is Dong Fangbubai! " This is a widely circulated sentence earlier, and what's more, it forcibly "isolates" female doctors from female groups and becomes "the third person in the world". Now, however, it may be time to correct the names of female doctors-with the gradual increase of highly educated women, these "Li Mochou" and "extinct teachers" are getting rid of the title of "heterogeneous" and returning to ordinary daughters' homes. According to the Gender Equality and Women's Development in China published by the State Council, by 2004, women accounted for 45.7% of the total number of students in ordinary colleges and universities in China, and the proportion of female masters and doctors reached 44.2% and 3 1.4% respectively.
Boys in some classes have become "marginal people"
With the increase of the number of students, the status of female students as masters in colleges and universities is further highlighted. It is quite typical that in many classes in colleges and universities, male students are in a "marginalized" state. Xiao Feng, a student in a class of Finance Department of Sun Yat-sen University, told reporters that in their class of more than 50 people, girls are more keen to run for class cadres. Except for one boy who was elected, almost all other positions were held by women. Girls are active in every corner of the campus.
Talking about the classmates, Mr. Lu, the counselor of the Tourism Management Department of South China Normal University, looked proud. "These also benefit from many female cadres in the class, who are an important support for student work. It is said that there are many places where there are many girls, but these female cadres have very strong organizational planning ability. "
Teacher Wang, a counselor of the Chinese Department of Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, said frankly: "Many things are more reassuring for girls, because they are generally more careful and have a more positive attitude, which can be said to be more active in collective life."
On the other hand, the environment with too many girls may make boys more afraid or disdainful of expressing themselves, thus marginalizing themselves. Jamlom is a boy majoring in journalism in the School of Journalism in 2003. Long-term editor-in-chief of the newspaper, with strong social activities. But in the face of a class environment where three quarters are girls, he always feels a little short of breath. "In class, the girls were sitting in the front with joy, having a heated discussion in class and actively speaking and asking questions. We boys are afraid to get together, and most of them hide in the back of the classroom without saying a word. "
Deciphering Three Reasons for Girls to Become Strong
Yan Xu, a professor at the Institute of Psychological Testing and Evaluation of Beijing Normal University, believes that most college girls are because the existing basic education system is more conducive to girls to stand out. "Girls are quiet and diligent, and it is easier to win in the current memory-based examination mode; At the same time, girls are more interested in liberal arts that emphasize image thinking. "
Girls are psychologically mature early.
Li Weimin, a sociology professor at Sun Yat-sen University, believes that this is indeed one of the factors. However, it cannot be said that the existing education system is suitable for girls to play. It can only be said that at present, our examination methods, college courses and evaluation methods all focus on the ability to understand and remember knowledge, and the objective result is that there is a certain gender contrast in the trained talents. He stressed that this is an objective consequence, not a subjective setting. "Maybe we should think more about what kind of young people should our education system and talent education model train? In what way should we impart knowledge to young people? "
However, Zhang Minqiang, a former director of the Institute of Higher Education of South China Normal University, disagreed with this view. "It's not that the exam form is more suitable for girls, but that girls work harder than boys."
"I have a student who leads her boyfriend to' urge' him to study by himself every day. As long as you look around the campus a little, you will find that the library is full of girls and the players on the court are all boys. " Professor Zhang Minqiang talked about the current learning situation of college boys, and he was somewhat dissatisfied. "I feel that girls are more sensible now and boys are too immature."
He believes that, physically and psychologically, adolescent girls do mature earlier than boys. Influenced by China's traditional ideas, they were instilled with the idea that girls should take responsibility for their families as soon as possible, thus teaching them a positive attitude towards life. They are well aware of their mission in school, so they study much harder than boys in high school.
"In class, girls speak more actively. After class, they will also think deeply about some problems and take the initiative to discuss with the teacher. However, many boys are still very naive and often indulge in online games or sports such as football and basketball. Therefore, at this stage of college, women have a better grasp of their life goals. " Zhang Minqiang believes that this is the main reason why women begin to show their advantages in colleges and universities, especially in the highly educated stage.
Women's awareness of independence and self-improvement has been strengthened.
There are more and more girls, and some experts look for reasons from sociology. "This is basically due to the fair distribution of educational resources," Li Weimin said.
Experts believe that college students are basically only children now, and any family is willing to invest in their children's education. "Raising children to prevent old age" has become a thing of the past, and daughters are also the pillar of the family. It is not only boys who have the opportunity to enter the university for further study. With the changes of the times, modern family education affects women's mental maturity not only earlier than boys, but also earlier than in the past.
"It is old-fashioned to say that it is better to marry well than to learn well. The open social mentality has given them the best baptism. The concept of doing everything by yourself has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and modern girls have a strong sense of independence. They know the laws of social existence very well. Only by learning something can they increase their gold content, improve their social status and finally establish a happy family. In other words, if you want to marry well, you have to learn well yourself. " Zhang Minqiang believes.
Employment pressure leads to the pursuit of higher education.
"This is a very realistic reason and a helpless choice for many girls to study." Professor Dangzhi of South China University of Technology told the reporter that many female masters and doctors in his hand chose to continue their studies for this reason. When looking for a job after graduation, boys are obviously better than girls, and girls can only change their fate by improving their academic qualifications. Of course, many girls are also planning for the future and want to find a stable job, such as being a teacher, so that they can have time to take care of their families.
Xiao Xie, a doctoral student admitted by the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, admitted that he chose to continue his PhD because he could not find a job. "Now stay on campus for a long time, really don't want to go out of society. I hope to have the opportunity to stay in college. This is my biggest dream. "
Do you need intervention to reflect on the ratio of men to women?
The rapid increase in the proportion of female students in colleges and universities brings us observation and thinking, which may not be as simple as tracing back to the reasons. While lamenting the rise of women in highly educated groups, many experts remind us that we must pay attention to the analysis of various extensions of this phenomenon.
Highly educated women hold up half the sky.
"In my friend's house, my wife's education is higher than her husband's." Xiao Liu, who works in the media, is very emotional.
He said, "It is not necessarily a bad thing that women are more and more educated. In the current family combination, the phenomenon that the wife's education is higher than that of her husband has increased. This was impossible to accept in the previous family, but now everyone is used to it. Such a family is of great benefit to the education of the next generation. In the traditional concept, mothers only need to take care of their children's diet and daily life. Now, mothers are playing an increasingly important role in their children's studies and personality cultivation. "
Mr. Zhang, who works in a government department, publicly admits that it is normal for his wife to have a higher education and a higher income than him. In his view, there is only a quantitative difference between two people's contributions to the family, but there is no qualitative difference. It is a great honor to have a highly educated wife.
However, in colleges and universities, it is rare for female teachers to evaluate professors' titles. Although this situation can be changed now, this performance is still somewhat unequal compared with their glory in school.
Professor Dangzhi believes that one of the reasons for this problem is the fairness of social resources to women. Now doing projects in colleges and universities is actually "running projects", which requires more time to deal with "running", but women still have obvious disadvantages in this respect. They are not very keen on doing these things, and they are also influenced by their own mentality. From this point of view, at present, women are only "quantitative" in highly educated groups, and may not have "qualitative" advantages in social talents.
Are colleges and universities ready?
In the face of the "girl tide" that may become a trend, should colleges and universities that are traditionally dominated by boys be prepared?
Education experts in colleges and universities are thinking about this problem, first of all, the hardware facilities of the school. After the reform and opening up, many colleges and universities are still built according to the model of the 1980 s. From student dormitories to entertainment facilities, most of them mainly meet the requirements of boys. For example, there are only stadiums suitable for boys in schools, and there are no or few places suitable for girls. "Girls in universities either go to the library or go shopping, and there is no entertainment at all."
Some colleges and universities also admit that there are too many girls in the school, and it is difficult for logistics to keep up. For example, girls' dormitories, at present, many old campuses of colleges and universities still use collective bathrooms and old dormitories with collective bathrooms, which is very inconvenient for girls' daily use.
At the same time, Zhang Minqiang also pointed out that because girls' psychological characteristics tend to be perceptual, precocious and deeply involved in feelings, the probability of psychological problems is more than that of boys. Strengthening psychological counseling in colleges and universities, especially personality counseling for girls, is an urgent problem.
Is there a difference between boys' and girls' scores?
Last year, in the process of minority language enrollment in Peking University, the School of Foreign Languages of Peking University set different scores for boys and girls. This move has aroused fierce reactions from all walks of life, but many university professors are not completely opposed to this practice, and even admit that it has become the "hidden rule" of many universities, "just not explicitly stated."
Zhang Minqiang believes that any school will pay attention to the coordination of the proportion of male and female students when enrolling students, but pay attention to the way. "Many schools have set the ratio of men to women in advance. When recruiting students, they will only recruit boys in a certain major, or what is the admission ratio of boys and girls. This way is more acceptable. "
Li Weimin, on the other hand, thinks that what colleges and universities need to consider is not the ratio of male to female, but the guidance of specific courses and majors and the ability of talents. From a deeper perspective, what kind of talents should our education system train? Girls are also creative, not all girls just memorize. The key is what kind of ability should our education guide students to cultivate?