1, busy, hurry; 2. Hedonism; 3. Nihilism; 4. Feel happy (2007 10 version translated as happy)
These four types reflect four different values, and their present and future benefits can be clearly displayed through a four-quadrant matrix:
Specifically, the respective characteristics of these four types can be expressed as follows:
1, busy type: live in the future and sacrifice the present. People believe that happiness can only be achieved after a valuable goal has been achieved.
2, hedonism: think that effort = pain, happiness = happiness. I believe that as long as you continue to enjoy short-term happiness, you can be happy even without goals.
3. Nihilism: indulge in the past and give up the present and the future. Learned helplessness believes that no matter what you do, you can't get happiness.
4. Happiness perception: pay attention to the present and the future, and think that the present and the future can be balanced.
In our life, the most common one is the first one. From the first day we entered the school, the elders around us are earnestly teaching us to study hard so that we can go to college and find a good job in the future. Take me for example. I come from the countryside. What teachers and parents often tell us is that we must study hard and be admitted to universities in the future, so that we can jump out of the door of agriculture and live a good life. Or you can only farm with your parents, facing the loess and facing the sky. It's too bitter. This is really helpful for us. Because at that time, children in rural areas all did farm work, which was exhausting, monotonous and boring. After going to college, we should work hard for a good job and a good life, and dare not enjoy it.
However, when we feel confused and lose our goal, we often fall into hedonism or nihilism. In my opinion, the difference between hedonist and nihilist is not so obvious. A hedonist may easily fall into nihilism if he is slightly frustrated, and a nihilist may have hedonism.
The first three types make life less or no fun. Fortunately, we can't just live in any dimension of the past, present or future. Generally speaking, this will happen at some stage. But as long as we change our perspective and become happy, our life will become much happier. We can thank the past and pay attention to the present and the future. Enjoy the happiness of the present, strive to create the future and achieve balance. Of course, not everything can bring us happiness both now and in the future. Sometimes we still need to sacrifice a little happiness in exchange for achieving our goals. Just when we do this, don't forget that we can still explore actions that can bring happiness to the present and the future from all aspects of life. In addition, hedonism is not without its merits. As long as it is not excessive and does not bring negative consequences to our lives, proper enjoyment will increase our sense of happiness.