Since many new centuries, this has been a mystery of astronomical phenomena that everyone guesses and explores. Eskimos believe that it is the torch that ghosts and gods correctly guide the lives of the dead to heaven. 13 in the new century, people thought it was the light from the reflecting surface of Greenland glacier. It was not until the new century of 17 that people called it the Northern Lights-the dawn in the Arctic Circle (the same light seen in the South Pole was called the Southern Lights).
With the development of high technology, the secret of aurora is becoming more and more known to everyone. It turns out that this beautiful scenery is the work of cooperation between the sun and the earth's atmosphere. Among the energy produced by the sun, such as light and heat, there is an energy called "solar wind". Solar cooling is a free electron ejected by the sun, and it is a powerful charged subatomic particle stream that can cover the earth. The solar wind flows around the earth in the earth's air and collides with the earth's magnetic field at a speed of about 400 kilometers per second. The earth's magnetic field is shaped like a Brinell funnel, and its tip points to the two magnetic fields of the north and south of the earth, so free electrons from the sun settle along the foundation of the earth's magnetic field "Brinell funnel" and enter the polar regions of the earth. Two aspects of the upper atmosphere, after suffering from the negative electrons of the solar wind, will emit light and produce aurora. What is produced in the Antarctic region is called Antarctic light. What is produced in the North Pole is called the Northern Lights.
1890, Danish scientist birkeland thought that the sun, which is 0/500 million kilometers away from the earth, is basically a point of radioactive chemicals on the earth. However, there is an electromagnetic field covering the distance of the earth from 50,000 km to 65,000 km. When the simple harmonic motion of the sun illuminates this electromagnetic field and is blocked, it spreads around the earth, looking for the hole. As a result, about 65,438+0% of simple harmonic motion drilled into the earth's atmosphere around the north magnetic pole. Each solar simple harmonic motion carries energy engineering equivalent to 1000 ampere.
They meet molecules and most molecular structures composed of oxygen and nitrogen in the earth's atmosphere at an altitude of 65,438+000 kilometers away. When atoms absorb part of the energy contained in the simple harmonic motion of the sun, they immediately release this energy and produce strong light. Oxygen emits emerald green and bright red light, while nitrogen emits purple, blue and some dark red light. This colorful color constitutes a magnificent aurora scene.
Many biologists have conducted in-depth scientific research on aurora. The aurora you see is mainly caused by electronic devices in the free electron flow. Moreover, the hue and compressive strength of aurora also depend on the energy and total number of foundation settlement particles. Described as a brand image, it can be said that the Aurora theme activity is like a live TV picture of the magnetosphere theme activity. Ground subsidence particles are the ion beam of TV, the earth air is the LCD TV screen, and the earth magnetic field is the ion beam directional electromagnetic field. Biologists have obtained a lot of information about the magnetosphere of the sun and the earth's indoor space and its electromagnetic induction activities from this pure natural TV. For example, according to polarographic analysis, we can grasp the source of particle beam in foundation settlement, such as particle type, energy, structure of the earth's magnetic tail, interaction between the earth's magnetic field and the electromagnetic field of planets, and the way and degree of harm to the earth caused by solar disturbance.
Aurora is not only beautiful, but also the energy found in the earth's atmosphere can be compared with the total capacity generated by power stations all over the world. This energy often interferes with wireless communication and data signals detected by radar. The ultra-strong current generated by aurora can also be concentrated on domestic long-distance lines, which should endanger the spread of microwave heating, make the current in power supply lines partially or completely "damaged", and even the coaxial cable of power engineering is seriously affected, thus temporarily losing the energy supply in some areas. How to use the energy generated by aurora to benefit mankind is a key task in today's scientific and technological circles.
Aurora often appears in the air near the geomagnetic pole in a colorful and bright state. Generally, it is strip-shaped, arc-shaped, curtain-shaped, radial, sometimes stable and sometimes continuously changing. Aurora is produced by the charged high-energy particle flow of "up to 1 million electron volts" generated by solar activity, which excites or hydrolyzes molecular structures or molecules in the upper atmosphere. Because of the role of the earth's magnetic field, this kind of high-energy particles will be transferred to the polar regions, so aurora is more common in high magnetic latitudes. Aurora often appears in the range of about 25-30 degrees away from the magnetic field, which is called the aurora zone.
The region between 45 degrees and 60 degrees of geomagnetic field is called weak auroral region, and the region below 45 degrees of geomagnetic field is called micro auroral region. The aspect ratio of the lower limit of the aurora is less than 100 km from the road surface, and the aspect ratio of the huge bright spot is about 1 100 km. The maximum limit of everything is about 300 km, and it can reach 1000 km in extreme cases. According to the scientific research on the propagation of auroras in recent years, the appearance of auroras is not a circle centered on geomagnetic poles, but more like an egg. The spectral line of the aurora is about 3 100-6700 angstroms, and the most important spectral line is the oxygen molecular blue line of 5577 angstroms, which is called the aurora blue line. As early as 2000 years ago, China gradually observed the aurora, which has a rich and colorful aurora record.
Aurora is a dazzling light image that passes through the air between the North Pole and the South Pole. So far, no one has accurately understood the cause of aurora, but it is generally believed that aurora is the result of the offset of tiny high-energy particles in the sun after the earth's magnetic field is blocked. One is the glow produced by the collision of solar high-energy particles with oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the air on the surface of the earth under the action of the earth's magnetic field. The sun has a very active period every 1 1 year, and many high-energy particles are sent into the universe. The aurora that happened at this time is more magnificent.
At dawn, the lighting effects and multi-storey buildings in big cities are likely to hinder everyone from seeing the light, so the best aurora scenery can only be observed in the vast area of small villages. In Churchill, Australia, you can see the aurora 300 nights a year; In Florida, you only watch it four times a year on average. Most auroras occur at 90- 130 km above the earth. But some auroras are much higher. 1959 The aspect ratio measured by the Northern Lights is 160 km, and the total width exceeds 4800 km.