Huang Zongxi grew up in a scholarly family. He received strict family education since he was a child and developed good reading habits. When he lived with his parents in Yufu, Beijing, his father asked him to complete his eight-character essay every day, but Zongxi liked to peek at those unofficial histories and novels. Decades later, he recalled his reading in an essay remembering his mother. s life story, said: Zong Xi was fourteen years old at this time. After the course, he stole romance. There are dozens of books such as Three Kingdoms and The Last Tang Dynasty stored in the account. When my parents are about to fall asleep, I will read them in anger. Finally one day, these unused books were discovered by my father, and my father told my mother about it. My mother was afraid that her son would delay his eight-legged essay homework, and hoped that Huang Zunsu would stop them. But this father is more liberal and thinks that if he is forbidden to read unofficial histories and eight-part essays. From then on, although the mother had no objection to her son, she often peeked at her son's comments while reading novels, and never let her son know that his father caught him peeking at miscellaneous books. This shows that Zong was not keen on scientific titles when he was a boy, but liked to read widely and think independently. Although his parents longed for his son, this was of great help to him in exposing the shortcomings of the imperial examination system, advocating equal emphasis on classics and history, and applying practical management to the world. In the autumn of the first year of Chongzhen, Huang Zongxi returned to his hometown from Beijing with his father. He held a coffin in his arms. When he was officially buried, it was already winter. A close friend of his father, Mangshan teacher Liu, made a special trip from Shaoxing to Yuyao to express his condolences. He drove away the servants who dusted the coffin with their sleeves, and he couldn't help but cry. At first, when Huang Zunsu was arrested and escorted to the capital, Liu personally took care of him. In the spring of the next year, Zongxi followed his father and studied the classics diligently, and then went to Shaoxing County to worship Liu as his teacher. At the same time, he studied hard, read widely, made friends, and learned from each other. From the second year of Chongzhen to the fall of the Ming Dynasty in the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, it can be said to be Huang Zongxi's golden period of reading, studying, studying, and making friends. Although he participated in the expulsion of Ruan, a remnant of the Yan Party. Since he was not only a great scholar at the time, but also a direct minister of the imperial court, and a friend of Liu Zunsu, and had a close personal relationship with Zunsu, Huang Zunsu instructed his son to worship Liu as his disciple.
Liu, whose courtesy name is Nian Tai, is from Japan. Scholars call him Nian Tai’s teacher. Because he lectured in Mangshan, he was also called Mangshan teacher. He was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. In the 29th year of Wanli, he was a Jinshi, and he successively served as a traveler in Wanli and Tianqi dynasties, minister of the Ministry of Rites, director of Guanglu Hall, and director of Guanglu Hall. That is to say, Shangshu impeached Wei Jinzhong and Nanny Kaixi and gave them salaries. In February of the fifth year of Tianqi, the imperial court ordered him to be promoted to the right minister of the General Political Department. He even resigned after his third uncle and impeached Wei Zhongxian in Shangshu, so he made government decrees for the people and pursued the imperial edict. In the Chongzhen Dynasty, he successively served as the prefect, the left minister of the Ministry of Industry, and the Ministry of Personnel. During the Southern Ming Dynasty, Hongguang was the censor of Zuodu. Hongguang fell and Zhejiang fell. Liu went on a hunger strike for 20 days against this minister and died. After his death, the king of Lu in the Southern Ming Dynasty was called Zhong Duan, the king of Tang was called Zhong Zheng, and the king of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty was called Zhong Yao. Although Liu has been an official for 45 years, he has only been an official in North Korea for more than four years. Most of his time was spent lecturing and writing in the field. The disciple list of Quanwangzu Jishan lists 35 schools of people worthy of his master. Most of them adhered to their righteousness during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and either suffered martyrdom, died, or lived in seclusion. Among the more famous ones are: Shuntian Jinxuan, Yinshan Qibiaojia, Yuyao Zhang Zhengchen, Sun Jiaji, Wujin Wuzhongluan, Taizhou Wu Zhiyu, Songjiang Chen Zilong, Jiashan Chen Longzheng, and Huiji Wang Yuxi. Yin Qin Hongyou, Zhuji Chen Hongshou, Yuyao Huang Zongxi, Huang Zongyan, Dong You, Jiang Yuyao Xizhe, Yin Shan Zhang Yinyao, Wu Jin Yunchu
However, Huang Zongxi’s time with the teacher was very short, but only After three or four months, it was temporarily interrupted because Liu was re-appointed as the prefect of Sunchon. In the third year of Chongzhen's reign, Huang Zongxi was sent to his uncle's residence in Nanjing to study. At that time, his uncle Huang Yisu was staying in Rentianfu, Nanjing, while Huang Zongxi served his maternal grandmother Lu and lived with his uncle. Therefore, he, the leader of the literary world at that time and the right minister of the Ministry of Industry in Nanjing, actively recruited Huang Zongxi as a member of the Poetry Society; Jintan The famous scholar Zhou Biao introduced Huang Zongxi to join Fushe. His friend Shen Shoumin, a famous scholar in Xuancheng, suggested that Zong take the imperial examination and prepare for the exam. So he took the provincial examination in Nanjing, but the knowledgeable Huang Zongxi failed to make the list and returned to his hometown. When he returned to China via Jingkou, he met the former cabinet scholar Wen and invited Zong. Elder Wen admired Zong Xi's talent and encouraged him, saying that you should become famous for your ancient writing in the future, but the temporary gains and losses are not enough. This time Huang Zongxi received a great education, which made him see the shortcomings of the imperial examination system. Since then, although he has been following his mother, he has participated in two provincial examinations with brothers Zongyan and Huizong. He has little interest in eight-part essays such as fashion and art, but he focuses on studying classics and books on the history of the contention of a hundred schools of thought. Later, Zong severely criticized the imperial examination system in Sijiulu year AD and pointed out the shortcomings of selecting scholars, which became extremely popular in Japan. He believed that there was only one imperial examination system at that time, which blocked the advancement of many heroes. Therefore, he proposed eight methods for selecting scholars to broaden the options for selecting scholars. The emergence of these thoughts is obviously related to his experience of frustration in taking the imperial examination when he was young. In the spring of the fourth year of Chongzhen, Liu was dismissed again and returned to his hometown to give lectures and write books. Huang Zongxi studied in Mangshan again. In March of this year, he and Tao Yuling, a famous scholar in the same city, gathered comrades and disciples in Yuecheng and gave a big lecture. Liu established the social covenant and rules for the witness society, and more than 200 American college students, including gentry and bachelors, attended the lecture, showing their grand occasion. However, Liu and Tao had different learning purposes. Liu Zi was cautious and his Taoism was close to Zen, so they soon parted ways. Dao's opened another branch in White Horse Mountain and opened its doors to accept apprentices.
What they talk about is Buddhist cause and effect. Huang Zongxi thought it was ridiculous and strongly refuted Dao's heresy. He invited celebrities from Wu and Yue. The theory of Shen Du was also widely circulated, but as Huang Zongxi himself said decades later when summarizing his experience of studying in Mangshan: The teacher talked with Tao Shiliang about knowledge, while Shi Liang’s disciples both gave and received Zen. Flow is cause and effect. If the teacher doesn't want what he wants, it doesn't mean anything, and there is no controversy, so dozens of famous people are invited to support the teacher, and these dozens of people are all. After being dull, there is no gain. Today, if you know anything about this, you will find it in your suicide note. Except for studying Liu Mangshan twice, Huang Zongxi spent most of his time in Chongzhen, studying and studying on his own. At the beginning, on the way to Beijing, Huang Zunsu warned Zong: Scholars must inform historical events and give a brief introduction to the records of visits to Mingyi on the bookshelf. Therefore, Zong followed his father and began to study in a planned way. He first read the records of the Thirteen Dynasties of the Ming Dynasty, and then read the Twenty-one Histories. There are books of Dan and Lead every day, starting from Chi Ming Dynasty, the rooster crows for two years. His purpose of informing historical events, of course, applies it. He also studied Confucian classics such as the Four Books and Five Classics. As well as books on astronomy, geography, calendar, mathematics, music, Buddhism, Taoism, etc. Even Western scientific works
According to Huang Zongxi’s teacher Huanglizhou’s chronology, Quansi Jiuluo and teacher Huanglizhou’s Shinto inscriptions, Zongxi was the most important person in the period from the second year to the fifteenth year of Chongzhen, that is, from the age of 20 to 33. During the golden age of studying, traveling, and discussing Taoism, the areas where he studied and exchanged were Yuyao, Shaoxing, Hangzhou, Suzhou, and Nanjing. Not close and friendly, but hundreds of famous officials and ordinary students. For example, during his three, nine, eleven, twelve, fourteen, and fifteen years in Chongzhen, he studied and tried many times in Nanjing, and made friends with many famous people. I have been together with Zhang Pu, Zhang Cai, Yang, Chen Zilong, Wu Yewei, Wan Shouqi, and Shen Shoumin. We often held writing sessions on the boats on the Qinhuai River. I not only participated in the writing sessions with He Qiaoyuan, Lin Yutang, Huang Zhongzhong, Lin Yunfeng, Min Jingxian, etc., but I also had a close relationship with them. He also actively participated in the meeting of celebrities who rebuked Ruan Dazhao in Taoyedu in the 11th year of Chongzhen's restoration of society, and participated in the 12th year of the literati gathering of Guomen Guangye Society in Nanjing during Chongzhen's reign. He has a close relationship with Jiangyou Zhang Zilie, Xuancheng Mei Langzhong, Chen Yixing Huizhen, Guangling Maoxiang, Shangqiu Hou Fangyu, and Tongcheng Fang Yizhi. He is a playboy almost every day. Among them, Hou Chaozong is a playboy. He must invite him to every cocktail party. Prostitute Escorts. Zong Xi really can’t stand it anymore. Gong replied: Chaozong's nature is probably that he can't bear loneliness! Zong said: If a person can't bear loneliness, he can go anywhere! It would be a bad friend if our generation didn't say anything. Gong nodded and said yes. Later, the Qing army moved south, and Hou Fangyu was the first to surrender. Maybe this is the inevitable result, he can't help me and I can't bear the loneliness. In front of many celebrities who insist on national integrity, he really fulfilled Huang Zongxi's theory of harming friends. Among these celebrities, Shen Shoumin and Shen Shouguo's S brothers from Xuancheng, Anhui, had the closest contact with Huang Zongxi, and were the most unforgettable for the old man in Lizhou. In the Annals of Teacher Huanglizhou AD, Zong recalled the whole story of their interactions and said: Shen Shoumin, whose real name was Mei Sheng, was from Xuancheng. He moved to Nanjing. He suffered at the age of seventeen and had no time to make a living in interactions. Those who had not studied in Wu Geng for five years came to Nanjing, met Mei Sheng, enlightened him, and talked seriously. Wu Yin was born in Wanling, Dang, where Ruan Dacheng was killed. Meisheng changed his name to Jinhua, but he didn't know each other without me. However, when he encounters difficulties, he will dream of a beautiful family and wake up crying. When Zou Wenjiang arrived in Wuxu, he got news about Mei Sheng. He has gone home and made it a poem. It has been a long time since he became a close friend. Teacher Li Zhou is against my brother, and my brother is against Teacher Li Zhou. I've only met you once in my life, and I'm afraid of coming near you. My teacher knows this! At the beginning of the journey, I came to the West, not afraid of the pavilion, and willing to write about the stick shoes. From then on, I went to Huanghe, crossed Jianjiang, arrived at Yanse, bought a boat, went east, and worshiped my wife in the hall. Day after day, the good news never stops. This kind of ambition is gradually decaying, and everyone in my eyes is getting old, especially my younger brother. What a pity! Tao is too shy to pass on, but it has been passed down and recited by all the sages, which gives them a glimpse of it. In ancient and modern times, only Yao and Shun were known. Dayu kept saying it was difficult, but he knew it was almost difficult. I admire you! The book said: Jiang Lai sent it on April 20. But this book is the last one, because there are only twelve days until May 3rd. Shen Guo, who was named Xianzhi, gave birth to a younger brother. Shili, Wu Yin and Yu went to Wanling and stayed in the shop. Tomorrow, if you want to reach Anqing and heal the prophet, you will come to the store and you will be forced to move Yuyu to the same city. Then there are more than 10 people, including Ma Mengxuan, Mei Langsan, Xu Lushi and Yan Tingsheng, who already have silk scarves. First, let me say that my son's journey to the United States is no better than my home.
He was sent to Chizhou shoulder-to-shoulder, and his friendship was paid by the bell of Qingyang Wukong, which vividly demonstrated the deep friendship between Huang Zongxi and Shen Shoumin. Zong Xi even confirmed his close friendship with Shen in the poem "Brothers Thinking of the Past": The two gods Jingting are the most intimate friends, which is different from this December. He has gotten rid of the evil of his former party, why hasn't he returned? Another example is that when Huang Zongxi was in Hangzhou, he made good friends with Zhang Qiran, Jiang Hao, Feng Gang, Wen Qixiang, Yan Diaochan and other gentlemen. They often read newspapers at the foot of Gushan Mountain in Hangzhou. At that time, Huang Zongxi was right. Zongye elaborated on the past, studied the rhythm of music, and wrote the Thirteen Classics. People in the reading club admired his profound essence of Hanshu, geography, and laws and regulations, which was simply earth-shattering. In his hometown of Yuyao, Huang Zongxi made friends with Ningbo celebrities Lu Fu and Wantai. His friendships with Luffy and Wantai are the best.
He not only wrote prefaces to their articles and epitaphs, but also described their friendship many times in his poems and praised their poetry and personalities. His Analects says: Thirty-two years after Master Lu died, his burial was still in shallow soil. His surviving friend Huang suddenly sighed. Someone told the world that this was Guo, and the son of the Qi family, the great director Vance, was buried outside the west of the city one day. In memory of his life on the precipice, he set some aspirations.
The teacher is Taji, named Hu Wen, and the Lu family is from a famous family in Ningbo. When he was four years old, his eldest father led him on his lap and dictated the legend of Yang Zhong. The teacher sang loudly to his guests. If he was deeply admired, his teacher's style was superb. He had thousands of books in his chest, and his voice sounded like Hong Zhong. At that time, the American scholar-officials listened to his talk and thought Chen Tongfu. Xu Bing died on the tenth day of October at the age of fifty, and Yu Shu traveled far away. Wu Lai called Liu Wenhu, a scholar from his hometown, who returned it to the teacher. Since then, he has made a large number of inventions, eliminated defects and clutter, and devoted himself to lifelong learning, so that those who know something about it are born with his teacher. It can be seen from these two epitaphs that there is a profound friendship between Huang, Lu and Wan. They were not only literary friends who read poetry together, but also comrades who fought against the Qing Dynasty together. Later, Huang Zongxi recalled 14 poems written by his old friend from 0755 to 79000, two of which were about his friendship with Lu Fu and Wantai. One of them said: I can't talk about Lu, but I can. I deeply forgot Liu Ruidang. I didn't know it for a while. As the proverb said nine months ago, wild geese were flying over the river, but today Lu Lingguang lives in peace and is prepared for danger. After two years of poverty and illness, my bones took shape, and one night I stopped malaria at Xichuang. See Zurijima's sincere feelings for his friends in his youth. During this period, Huang Zongxi took the trouble to visit, read and copy books everywhere. Huang Zongxi studied hard, and his spirit of extensive exploration is very touching. The epitaph of teacher Quan Wanhui'an reads: Gong Sui recorded thirteen dynasties since the Ming Dynasty and traced back to twenty-one histories. He did not care about his heart and stopped at the classics. When he was administering the classics, he requested nine schools, and everyone who saw the book was angry about the imperial examination. Then, we copied the Niushi and Lianshengtang rocks in Tongli, the Qianqingzhai Huangshi in Nanzhong, and the Shiqian Jiangyun Tower in Wuzhong. In the poor years, we searched all over the streets and alleys for old books. At dusk, a boy came back with his shoulders on his shoulders. He took the lead and walked all night, and came back the next day. This ratio is normal. It's almost everywhere. There are Taoist scriptures in the Heavenly Palace, and those who disturb the mountains and rivers know how to copy them by hand. When they heard that Jiao America's book was on sale, they rushed to the news. Because he was not planted by a strange thing, he would spend several months with Xuancheng Meilang sooner or later. They walked to Yanziji at sunrise and watched the fishing boats standing on the shore and hanging their nets at sunset. It is said that a certain house had many ancient paintings. Gong and Lang read them three times and came back after the second time. Huang Zongxi's knowledge is getting better and better, and his friends are getting wider and wider. Because his father died young, as the eldest son, he naturally assumed the responsibility of teaching his brothers. Within a few years, his younger brothers Zongyan and Huizong both had their own academic achievements and became famous in the village. As a result, the three Yellow Rivers in eastern Zhejiang were called Huang Yang's three brothers in the academic world. Seeking advice from all over the world. When they heard Huang Taichong's name, they all rushed to invite him to their homes or official residences to study. For example, He Dongru, a Confucian scholar who was proficient in the epitaphs of teacher Lu Wenhu, paid special attention to the changes in the rise and fall of gentlemen and villains. He lives in a small wooden house in Wulongtan, southern China. I heard that Huang Zongxi studied under Liu Yongshan, and he was quite able to learn Liu Yongshan's image numbering of mind and nature and the Zodiac and Zhouyi. Another example is Qian, a famous writer at that time and Minister of Rites. He also took the initiative to make friends with Zong Xi and discuss literary and historical research. Later, Li Zhou went to Changshu to study and write prose with Qian's family many times, and was regarded as a confidant by Mu Zhai. On the eve of his death, he also entrusted his words to the God of Death.