The Yellow River flows through Guide County and runs through the whole territory. It has been a big barrier to traffic since ancient times. In order to facilitate production, life and communication, people on both sides of the strait have already opened many large and small ferries, among which Helga Ferry and dishuiya Ferry are the largest and earliest ferries on the Guide Yellow River. Helga Ferry is located in the south of Helga Village, Hexi Township, Guide County, and dishuiya Ferry is located in the north of Taiping Village, Hedong Township, six or seven kilometers downstream.
Guide Yellow River Ferry has a long history, which can be traced back to the Eastern Han Dynasty. According to "The Biography of Deng Xun in the Later Han Dynasty", in the second year of Zhang Han in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 88), Zhang Ye's satrap Deng Xun was sent to Hehuang to take over as a captain to protect the Qiang people, all of whom surrendered. Only Fan Kuai Qiang of the Tang Dynasty refused to accept it, and retreated to Yu Valley (now the south bank of the Yellow River in Guide) to confront it. So Deng Xun sent 6,000 troops from Huangzhong to attack the Tang Dynasty, but because of the Yellow River, he could not use troops. Deng accidentally saw the Qiang people crossing the river with sheepskin bags on their backs, and was inspired. He ordered the soldiers to "sew the skin into a boat and put it on a raft to cross the river" and named it "skin boat raft". This tool for crossing the river is today's raft and raft (raft), which was first used on the Yellow River in Guide County with a history of 1900 years.
It is also recorded in the Biography of Western Qiang in the Later Han Dynasty that in the 5th year of Yong Yuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 93), Guan Ju, a captain protecting Qiang in Hehuang, crossed the Yellow River and attacked the Qiang chieftain living in Yugu Valley, "building docks on major rivers, making big boats, building river bridges and attacking the Tang Dynasty". Wherever the river goes, the Helga River joins the Yellow River on the north bank of the Yellow River in Guide County, which is the Helga Ferry. This bridge is the first pontoon bridge in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, with a history of 1900 years.
According to the 12th year of Qianlong reign in Qing dynasty (1747), Yang Yingju, commander of Xining Military Region, compiled "New Notes of Xining Mansion" in Volume XIII, and Jin Liang recorded: "Crossing dishuiya, north of the city (referring to Guide County), that is, the Yellow River, used private boats, extorted a lot. In the fourth year of Qianlong (1739), Yang Yingzuan, the magistrate Shen, and Ding Zhengguo (the county magistrate), the general manager of our company, asked for two official ships, each with eight sailors, to ask the treasurer for food every year. There is also a lifeboat and four sailors. " Visible, in the county east 1 km along the dishuiya River on the south bank of the Yellow River, there was a private boat transition two or three hundred years ago. In the fourth year of Qing Qianlong, Yang Yingju and other county officials set up Guandu. In different seasons, ferries take turns to use. In winter and spring, the ferry departs from dishuiya, Henan, and the boat leaves under the Hutou Cliff on the other side. The ship returned to Maba, one kilometer downstream of dishuiya on the south bank. Up to now, there are still ruins along the Yellow River near Maba oil depot, which is the original residence of ferry sailors. When the flood surges in summer and autumn, we ferry at Helge Ferry on the north bank of the Yellow River and disembark at Dishui Ferry on the south bank.
During the Republic of China, the Guide Yellow River still used ancient traditional ferries or kayaks for the transition. The ship is crude and the attack efficiency is not high. The boatmen are composed of sailors from 48 households (Yin He area), Yangjiaya in Dongxiang and Xiapai Village in Hexi in history. They deliver the goods in three shifts, each shift takes turns for ten days. The ferry can only be used once or twice a day, sometimes for three or four days, and passengers stay in the open air on the banks of the Yellow River. The ferry carries fifty or sixty animals and eighty or ninety pedestrians at a time, and people and animals are mixed and crowded. The ferry will overtake the ferry if it is not careful. At this time, passengers will pull the boat from the downstream to the ferry. The ferry is really a business trip. People and animals have to pay for this change. Generally, each person receives 15 copper coins, 60 copper coins for each big animal and 30 copper coins for each small animal. The cost fluctuates with the price. In the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934), a pontoon bridge was built at Helga Ferry, which was abandoned. Since then, people still use rafts and other tools to cross the Yellow River in Guide County for dozens of kilometers, or transport it downstream.
Although the ferry was cancelled at Helga Ferry, there was still a bridge at the original ferry. In 23 years of the Republic of China, the Qinghai provincial government decided to build the Guide Yellow River pontoon bridge, and the provincial construction department assigned a technician named Hao to be responsible for the construction. At that time, the south of the Yellow River was the jurisdiction of Guide, and the north of the Yellow River was the jurisdiction of Gonghe County. The county governments of both sides are responsible for the engineering projects in this area. All the stones used are transported to the construction site by people and animals, and the wood is cut from Donggou and Dangche in Guide County and transported to the construction site by local migrant workers. The required iron parts are provided by Guide County Chamber of Commerce, and blacksmiths are employed to process them at the construction site. The wooden boat was built by the carpenter Liang Chi of Magong (now Baoning Village) in Hedong Township, and only paid a meager salary. The rest of the carpentry work was undertaken by the county carpenters in turn. After the hemp rope tied to the ship was twisted in Yang Kang area, it was transported to the bridge construction site by migrant workers along the Yellow River. Wharfs on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are wooden cages filled with stones. The ground anchor is the main column connecting the ship's rope. People dug out the thick willows by roots, transported them to the bridge head and buried them underground as anchor piles. After the completion of the bridge, the mooring cable was firmly tied to the anchor piles fixed on both sides, and nine wooden boats were tied together evenly along the cable. Four or six longitudinal beams with a length of 1 1 m are erected between ships, and the upper and lower beams are connected at both ends of the beams with wooden stakes. A ship can float with the fluctuation of water. The girder is paved with planks to form a bridge deck. In the dry season, the length of the bridge is 1 13m, and the flood duration is 17 1m, so the deck should be increased or decreased according to the season. In dry season, both docks are steep slopes. There are railings on the docks on both sides of the bridge, archways are built on both sides of the bridge, and colorful paintings are painted. The whole bridge construction project started in May of that year and was completed in September. Because the pontoon bridge was jointly built by Guide and Gonghe counties, it was named "Hede Bridge". At that time, after the completion of the project, the Shaanxi Opera Troupe was invited from Xining and sang in Xihetan for three days to celebrate. After the completion of the bridge, for the convenience of management, the Xiaguomi (now Helga and Galang) area in the northern part of the Yellow River under the jurisdiction of Gonghe County was classified as the jurisdiction of Guide, and the bridge was later renamed as "Guide Floating Bridge". The completion of Guide pontoon bridge has ended the life, cultural and economic exchanges of people in Guide County who rely on wooden boats and sheepskin rafts for transition. The completion of Guide pontoon bridge is the Yellow River pontoon bridge built again after the "River Bridge" in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. This bridge is the first bridge built on the upper reaches of the Yellow River in modern history.
In the 30 years of the Republic of China (194 1), a major maintenance was carried out due to the decay of the pontoon boat. In this maintenance, some girders and bridge decks were replaced, wooden cages were dismantled and converted into splayed wooden bridge seats (platforms), three new ships were built and two old ships were converted into one, with a total investment of about 5.9 million yuan. In August of the 32nd year of the Republic of China (1943), the Yellow River flooded and the bridge deck was washed away, which took four months to repair. Later, the No.8 lead wire was burned into hemp rope instead of the original hemp rope. In the thirty-fifth year of the Republic of China (1946), all the ships and decks were replaced on April 8, costing 8.59 million yuan.
On the eve of the founding of New China, due to the protection of the people of Guide, the pontoon bridge was still intact. 1949 After the liberation of Guide in September, the people's government took over the pontoon bridge and paid more attention to the construction and management of the Yellow River pontoon bridge. 1950 In April, the Yellow River pontoon bridge construction committee and pontoon bridge management station were established. In that year, the Provincial Communications Department invested 8,633 yuan, built 4 new wooden boats, rebuilt docks on both sides of the strait, and replaced 43 cubic meters of bridges and decks. The wharf is converted into a pile-shaped abutment with a length of15m and a splayed gabion wall of 45m, which forms a 45-degree angle with the abutment. The clear distance between the abutments on the north and south banks is140m. At this time, there are 1 1 floating boats with a length of 1 1m and a width of 5m. Upright is fixed by three iron cables in the upstream and 1 in the downstream, and both ends of the iron cables are anchored on the big wooden stakes in the splayed wall. The girder between the two ships is 25cm in diameter and 1 1 m in length. The bridge deck on the beam is 20 cm wide, 10 cm thick and 430 cm long, which can be maintained by ordinary civil vehicles. 1955 renovated again at a cost of 59 13 yuan. 1957, maintenance of wharf and bridge deck, replacement of new steel wire rope, 6283 yuan. 1June, 1958, an engineering team of the PLA came to the county town to reinforce the pontoon bridge as a whole, adding more boats and beams, increasing the number of wooden boats to 13, laying 8-ton track slabs to allow cars to pass. 1963 1 month, the Yellow River was frozen, and people called it "ice bridge". At that time, the pontoon bridge was washed away by accumulated ice, and the county allocated 90 thousand yuan to repair it immediately, and the wooden cage docks on both sides of the strait were transformed into cement mortar masonry docks, and the wooden cages were changed into traction winches. 1964 trucks began to pass, with a speed limit of 5 km/h for 3 minutes at a time.
At the early stage of the completion of Guide Yellow River pontoon, the county government decided to set up the Yellow River pontoon management office, with/kloc-0 administrators, police officers on duty on the pontoon, and two sailors from Hezhou (now Linxia City, Gansu Province) who have been on duty on the pontoon for many years, each with a monthly salary of 60 yuan. And from the local deployment of six sailors, usually take turns or focus on the maintenance of pontoon bridge, each person's monthly salary Bai Yang 6 yuan, sailor monitor monthly subsidies to 6 yuan. All merchants, livestock and wooden carts in the past will be charged transition fees, and the policy of building bridges by bridges will be adopted. The county government allocated 1468 yuan from the public security funds as the use fee of the pontoon bridge, and gave poplar 428 yuan as the temporary fee of the pontoon bridge.
After liberation, the pontoon bridge management station was established, with a total of 6 staff members, including 2 managers and 4 workers (sailors), who were paid monthly from the transition fee according to the standards approved by the state. The management of pontoon bridge still adopts the policy of "supporting bridges by bridges", but the transition fee has been adjusted for the convenience of the masses. Livestock and vehicles belonging to people on both sides of the strait engaged in production activities are exempt from transition fees. For livestock and vehicles engaged in commerce, transportation and other places, transition fees are charged, including 2 cents for mules and horses, 5 cents for cattle and donkeys 1 cent, 5 cents for sheep and 5 cents for wooden carts. After that, every time the car transited to 2 yuan. From 1965, only the car transfer fee is charged, and everything else is free. From 1969, the car transfer fee is exempted. 1971September, the pontoon was managed by the county bureau of industry and information technology, and all pontoon facilities and personnel were handed over to the highway transportation department. The Yellow River pontoon bridge is managed and maintained by the maintenance section. By May 1978, the Yellow River Bridge in Guide County was completed and the pontoon bridge was abandoned immediately.
At the beginning of 1975, Qinghai Revolutionary Committee approved the construction of Guide Yellow River Highway Bridge, and Guide County undertook the task of repairing the bridge. 1On August 27th, 975, the county established the Yellow River Bridge Construction Engineering Headquarters, and invited technicians from the First Engineering Team and the Mechanical Team of the Survey Team of Qinghai Highway Engineering Maintenance Office to bring mechanical equipment to the county to participate in the design and construction of the bridge. Some cadres, technicians and hundreds of migrant workers in the county participated in the bridge construction project.
The Yellow River Bridge construction project was compiled in April 1976, and officially started in October19/kloc-0. On February 1977, 13, 1 977.5438.66646 June1day, people of all ethnic groups in Guide County celebrated the completion of Guide Yellow River Bridge and cut the ribbon and opened it to traffic. The completion of the Yellow River Bridge has further changed the traffic features on the Yellow River, making people on both sides of the strait and vehicles on the Ninggui Highway unimpeded.
Guide Yellow River Bridge is located at Ninggui Highway112km, that is, at the downstream of the original Yellow River pontoon bridge100m. The bridge structure is a reinforced concrete bridge with double-column bored piles, I-beams, less tendons and slightly bent plates, with a total of 16 holes, and the spacing between each hole is 16 meters, plus a plate girder bridge with 1 hole of 8 meters. The total length of the bridge is 264.4 meters, the bridge deck is 7 meters wide, and 0.75 meters wide high platform sidewalks are added on both sides. Bridge clear height12.95m, bridge load15t, 80t. The bridge construction project has completed a total of concrete 1.332 cubic meters, stone cutting slope protection of 539 cubic meters, lead wire gabion 1.680 cubic meters, earthwork of 30,000 cubic meters and gravel pavement 1.6 1.6 kilometers. The total consumption of the project is 960 tons of cement, 227 tons of steel and 953 cubic meters of wood.
The construction funds of Guide Yellow River Bridge are all invested by Qinghai Provincial Economic Commission, Communications Department and other relevant departments, with a total cost of 2.625 million yuan, of which the daily wage of 300,000 laborers is 56 1.00 yuan, the material cost is 665,000 yuan, the material transportation cost is 6.5438+0.68 million yuan, and the project loss cost is 30,000 yuan.
Now the Yellow River Bridge and the site of the original Yellow River pontoon bridge have become scenic spots visited by people inside and outside the county. The wheat fields on both sides of the highway on the south bank of the Yellow River are endless. The ancient trees by the river are towering and the willow branches are fluttering. Especially in the Helga forest area on the north bank of the Yellow River, the trees are shaded, the fungus mat is silent, and the river reflects the sunlight, which is particularly attractive to tourists.