How to classify commonly used surgical instruments?

1. scalpel: commonly used are foldable blades and scalpels, which are divided into two parts: blade and handle. When in use, the blade is installed on the handle, which is suitable for cutting large wounds, and the small blade is suitable for ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology. According to the shape of the blade, it is divided into circular cutter, curved cutter, ball-end milling cutter and triangular cutter. According to the length and size of the handle, the handle can be equipped with several different types of blades. 2. Surgical scissors: according to their structural characteristics, there are sharp, blunt, straight, curved, long and short types. According to the purpose, it can be divided into tissue scissors, thread scissors and thread scissors. 3. Vascular clamp: Vascular clamp is mainly used to clamp blood vessels or bleeding points, also known as hemostatic forceps. The main structural difference of vascular forceps is alveolar bed, which is divided into straight, arc, right angle and arc due to the need of surgical operation. 4. Surgical forceps: Surgical forceps are used to clamp and lift tissues, which is convenient for dissection and suture, and can also clamp sewing needles and dressings. There are different lengths. There are two kinds of toothed tweezers: toothed tweezers and toothless tweezers. Coarse-toothed tweezers are used to clamp hard tissues, which is more lethal. Fine-toothed tweezers are used in fine surgery, such as tendon suture and plastic surgery. Toothless tweezers are used to clamp fragile tissues, organs and dressings. 5. Needle holder: Needle holder is also called needle holder. Mainly used for holding sewing needles to sew various tissues, and sometimes used for knotting instruments. It is advisable to clamp the middle and back 1/3 joints of the sewing needle with the tip of the needle holder. In most cases, the clamped needle tip is left. In special cases, the stitches should overlap 1/3, and the winding overlapping part should also be placed in the needle mouth for easy operation. 6. Common forceps instruments: sponge forceps, tissue forceps, cloth forceps, right-angle forceps, intestinal forceps, stomach forceps, etc. 7. Traction hook: Traction hook, also called retractor or retractor, is a necessary instrument to expose the operating field. Several kinds of retractor commonly used are skin retractor, thyroid retractor, appendix retractor, abdominal flat retractor, S-shaped retractor, automatic retractor and so on.