The couplets that pay attention to flat law are called French couplets or ancient couplets.
2. Basic characteristics of law associations (constitutive conditions)
The upper and lower couplets have the same number of words, the same number of sentences, the same part of speech and the same sentence structure.
Between the two couplets, according to the standard grid of flat and parallel characters, flat and parallel characters correspond to each other one by one, with the upper couplet ending in a flat voice and the lower couplet ending in a flat voice.
Between the two couplets, the meaning is related, which can be just or antonym; Horizontal comments are equivalent to the titles of couplets. Example: Classical Law Society:
? Even, even, the sea is wide by diving.
? Flat and light. ? The sky is high and birds can fly.
Horizontal batch:? Be ambitious.
? Below 4 words are ultra-short links; ? 5- 10 is a short link; 1 1-20 is Zhonglian; 2 1-50 is a long couplet; The words above 5 1 are long couplets. But this is a relative parameter and should not be treated absolutely. (2) According to the number of sentences in the upper part or the lower part.
? A. Single-sentence couplets: One to seven sentences are called single-sentence couplets, otherwise they are compound couplets. Single sentence example:
The first part: flat and even, smelling chickens dancing,
The bottom line is: it's flat. Prancing and whipping.
This is a four-word single-sentence couplet.
? B. Complex sentence couplets: couplets composed of more than two simple sentences. Example:
Ping, ping, ping;
Spring has come and the earth is weathered;
Even, even, even.
Years pass and the sky floats.
This is a complex sentence combination consisting of two simple sentences.
? C-sentence group association: a long association containing more than two complex sentences or single sentences, which embodies multiple meanings. Example:
Shanglian:
Flat, flat and even; All right, all right.
Riverside, surging; The sea, strong colors and broad roads.
Downlink:
Gnome male-; Ping, ping, ping, ping.
Summer rain, bursts of glory; Qingtian, Yan Yan's great career.
? This is a sentence group connection composed of two complex sentences.
? In addition, Kunming [Qing] Sun Ranweng wrote the Grand View Building Long Couplet (1696), with a single couplet of 90 words, totaling 180 words. It's a long connection.
The Southern Dynasties Qi Liang Fa Hui was born. From Shen Yue, Xie Tiao and Wang Qing's interpretation of the four tones of Chinese characters to Shen Yue's proposal of legal combination conditions. Used in poetry rhetoric, as a format, it is called "antithesis".
Tan Sitong's Notes on Shi Juying's Residence contains: Liu Xiaoyou (48 1-539), a writer of the Southern Liang Dynasty, laughed at himself after he was dismissed from office: "I closed the door and hanged myself, but I was lying on my back." His sister Liu Lingxian wrote a courtyard couplet: "The fallen flowers are still in harmony, and the jungle is sprouting again."
? Spring Festival couplets were originally a symbol of peach. According to Shan Hai Jing, there is a big peach tree in Shuodu Mountain, and there is a gate of death in its northeast, which is guarded by Er Shen Shen Tu and Lei Yu who specialize in catching ghosts. "Fu Tao" is hung at the gate of the folk Spring Festival, so please ask "Er Shen" to watch the door.
After the Sui and Tang Dynasties poetry couplets, in the Five Dynasties, Meng Chang, the master of Shu, wrote the first Spring Festival couplets in history except Japan: "Qing Yu in the New Year, Promise in the Festival. Changchun ". But until the Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi also wrote a poem "Always exchange new peaches for old ones". Zhu Yuanzhang, the capital of Nanjing, ordered officials and people to post Spring Festival couplets on their doors during the Spring Festival, so Spring Festival couplets rose.
? Temples in the Song Dynasty, palaces in the Yuan Dynasty, courtyards in the Ming Dynasty, and humanistic buildings in the Qing Dynasty have a wide range of inscriptions and many fine works.
Stone articles have been empty for eight generations, and Jiangshan has been surnamed for thousands of years. (Beijing? Han Yu Ci Lian)
Birds are in the setting sun across Hankou, and Chu River lights watch the boat. (Qingchuan Pavilion in Hanyang)
Lotus on four sides and willow on three sides, one city has mountains, and half the city has lakes. (Jinan Daming Lake Trade Union Liu Jinmen)
? Modern couplets are still popular and penetrate into all fields. It was very popular to send Spring Festival couplets to military families during the Spring Festival, but many folk Spring Festival couplets were not standardized. In recent years, cultural self-confidence has been emphasized and great progress has been made. The market is booming and the bottom line is the most representative:
Business is booming all over the world, and financial resources are flourishing. [Good management]
Fame can attract thousands of tourists, and fairness can take away all the money. [promoting healthy qi]
? Thirteen-to-one-to-seven-word single-sentence case model. The way to construct it is to intercept 26 kinds of one-to-seven-word single sentences from the sound chain and form a 13 double-word single sentence coupling model.
Sound chain (proposed by the author):
Thirteen auxiliary case single sentence model and examples;
? North, south.
(1) Fair enough. ? Far field, tall building.
(2) flat, flat. ? As soon as winter comes, the snow disappears.
(1) average, average.
? Wave a giant pen and build ambition.
(2) it is plain.
? Red plums bloom and green willows float.
(1) average, average.
? The harvest is in sight, and the savings are in my arms.
(2) Flat and flat, flat and flat.
? Family happiness, folk songs.
(1) Ping, Ping, Ping.
? The mountains and rivers in the wild are beautiful, and the grass in front of the door is spring.
(2) Flat and flat, flat and flat.
? The distant mountains are purple, and the trees are spring.
(1) average, average, average.
? Land, sea and mountains are beautiful, and cities and villages are outstanding.
(2) Flat and flat, flat and flat.
? Peach branches come in spring, and flowing water passes by the edge of Qingling Mountain.
(1) is flat and even,
? The sky is full of colors and the spring breeze is green.
? Even, even, even.
? The earth is flowing with gold, green mountains and green waters.
(2) flat and uniform,
? I just saw peaches in early spring,
? It is flat. It is flat.
Willow is smoky on a sunny day.
There are 26 kinds of grid sentences listed above, which constitute the dual model of 13 pairs of grids. This is the basis of the writing association.
? These 26 standard sentences are 10, except that one sentence has two sentences, two sentences have four sentences, three sentences have four sentences, and the rest of 16 sentences are four to seven sentences. In the writing process, try to use case sentences! But some flat positions are flat, flat, which is called "variation"! Because there are many double words in Chinese, such as "car", "bee" and "mountain peak" leaves, the stress of each word is in the second word, which means that the tone of the first word is relatively light. Therefore, in a five-character sentence composed of two words and one word, the first word and the third word are inferior in tone! This is the basis of the law of variation. Universal lattice rules are expressed as:
? Wild wind and frost are exhausted.
? Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
? Shan Ye was exhausted by the wind and frost.
? Ping, ping, ping, ping.
? Hirono Ku double gold
? Even if it is flat, it is flat.
Loneliness is the taboo of metrical sentences! Must be avoided.
? This is true of five-character sentences and seven-character sentences. In the Southern Dynasties, Liang Yong style was originally built as a five-character poem. There are only four case sentences:
Flat and light, flat and light.
Flat and light, flat and light.
? The foot sentence "level" has a special form of "level" Because the first word of a case sentence can be flat and parallel, the modern poetry in the Tang Dynasty uses "flat and parallel" as a case sentence to construct a modern model. In other words, "even" and "even" are equivalent, but the latter is more suitable for expressing stronger emotions.
? There are two old sayings of "occasionally flat" in the foot sentence: one is "occasionally flat" and the other is "occasionally flat". Following the sentence of Qi and Liang Dynasties, it is only used under special circumstances and needs to be preserved (this is another story), and it is rarely used at ordinary times.
? Well, it means "lonely".
? Ancient sentences have no punctuation, and calligraphy sentences have no I punctuation according to tradition. In order to understand the meaning, you must break the sentence! ? The basic principles of sentence breaking are:
? 1. Read through the couplets and roughly divide them into several paragraphs (single sentences) according to the general meaning of the sentences.
? 2. According to the meaning of the sentence, judge the sentence pattern according to the number of words and punctuate it. This is a crucial step.
? 3. Compare and check the conjunctions to see whether the table echoes, whether it can be read and whether it can be explained reasonably.
Peng Qi's Tianchi meanders nine times to see autumn waters in Wan Li.
Longyou Art Garden sits in Xia Song with three thousand words.
Punctuate the sentence as (compound sentence):
Peng Qi has a pool of 90,000 winds and looks at autumn water from a distance.
Longyou Art Garden is 3,000 words, sitting opposite Xia Song.
Colorful birds can talk in winter, go to beautiful scenery, show people birthdays and have a good family.
The wind blows bamboo, the earth is green in spring, the people are safe everywhere, and the country is happy everywhere.
Punctuate the sentence as (double compound sentence):
Colorful birds can talk and go to the mountains and rivers to show off in winter; ? Happy birthday and happy family.
The wind blows bamboo, and the spring is blue; Peace and prosperity, happiness everywhere.
? Observe and think about what to write and what thoughts and feelings are implied, that is, the theme.
Determine the type of couplets and choose the model of couplets. List specific flat case patterns with single sentences or complex sentences.
List the standard styles of couplets on the manuscript paper, and then fill in the text according to the requirements of parallelism. In writing, use the "variation rule". This is a crucial step.
? To write an opposing sentence, it must be in the same part of speech and structure as the sentence.
? Comprehensive scrutiny and revision, plus horizontal approval. Signature "Author's name, date and place of writing".
(drinking water teaching, 20 18.2.24)
(1) Translation of the following laws and regulations
? (Write a flat tone under Chinese characters)
Lian 1:
? Trees embrace the riverside pavilion, and Yunfu goes downstairs after the rain.
Lian Er:
? Birds love Shan Yu, and the piano plays overtones.
Lian San:
? The breeze has two windows of bamboo, and the moon has a pool of lotus.
Even four:
There are towers on one side, trees on three sides, a pond in two and a field in eight.
Joint 5:
After the rain, Qian Shan was full of colors.
? (2) This is the first part, please do the second part.
(Above the Conjunction of Pingyi Sentence)
Lian 1:
Shanglian, Pingping, Pingping,
Beautiful spring swing,
The bottom line is flat.
Lian Er:
Upper link is flat and flat, flat and flat,
? Making tea and boiling Sanjiang,
The bottom line is flat.
? (3) Write five-character, six-character and seven-character couplets.
Requirements: list the plane grid model first, and then fill in the selected words under it.
Example:
Flat and light, flat and light.
There are stunning peaches and plums, and poetry and books spit strange fragrance.
(drink water? 20 18.2.26) 1 1-20
? It means that a couplet consists of more than two case clauses (1 to 7 sentences).
The first part lists several flat-footed sentences first, and the last lame sentence ends. Leveling of subordinate alliance and its opposition. This is a widely used model.
Yellow cranes soar, a tower soars into the sky, and the vast chutian expresses its feelings;
White dragons spray jade, double lions shine, and eventful years give the Yangtze River.
(Tu, Wuchang Baotong Temple Union, Pingguan)
? The first part, the first sentence and the last sentence are lame sentences with one or several flat sentences in the middle. The second part is opposition. This is a common pattern of complex sentences, second only to the "flat-closed" pattern. Mode:
Two thousand years of good things, cars on the same track, books in the same language, rich and full of water;
Tens of thousands of hectares of fertile land, active water sources and crops have roots, China is a big country.
(Li Changlu, Dujiangyan Libing Stone Portrait in Tiguan County, 1973, Baopingti)
? From a flat-footed sentence, lead to some lame sentences, such as:
(1) A piece of earth sends a loyal soul, listening to the horse in front of the threshold, the river rolling, shocked and encouraged;
[Bottom] The battle of the isolated city refers to two dragons flying into the glass outside the window.
(Zhou Wenbing's topic, Anqing Daguan Pavilion, collar style)
Note 1. This substandard grid model:
Top: flat and flat, flat and flat, flat and flat, flat and flat;
Bottom: flat and flat, flat and flat, flat and flat, flat and flat.
2. "Listening" and "pointing" are words, and they are not leveled (words are leveled). Ten thousand horses in front of the threshold, "threshold" reading, can be read by the voice of "supervision"
3. The battle gas in the isolated city is even, but because the pronunciation of "gas" is flat, the front "lock" can be pronounced even and become "even" (a special case).
? The simple sentences in the first part are all lame sentences. Mainly used for special art couplets.
Example 1
Young cranes learn to fly to Wan Li, and the situation begins;
It's been nine days since the dragon was hidden, and the thunderstorm came in time.
? (Li Dongyang, Bachelor of Ming Dynasty)
Example 2
? Folium Typhae, Folium Persicae, Folium Vitis Viniferae, and woody herbs;
? Plum blossom, osmanthus, rose, spring fragrance, autumn fragrance.
? (Jie Jin, Bachelor of Ming Dynasty)
Example 3
Sad for a year, sad for a year, sad for a year;
Things are hard, things are hard, everything is hard.
(Anonymous coincidence)
(5) Coordinate conjunctions (multiple complex sentences)
The first couplet consists of multiple complex sentences alternately composed of "flat foot-flat foot" single sentences. This is divided according to the ideographic level. Mode:
Entering the door is the way; ? Bamboo and pine trees in Penglai, Mo Wen.
Looking at the building and crossing the border; ? There are green mountains and green waters, but there is no heaven and earth.
(Yellow Crane Tower, anonymous)
According to the different levels of ideographic characters, it can be divided into simple complex sentences and complex complex complex sentences. Simple complex sentences, that is, repeated sentences; ? There are more than two complex sentences called multiple complex sentences, that is, complex complex sentences.
? Also known as a single-level complex sentence, or a single repeated sentence. A compound sentence (single sentence) consisting of two or more clauses. Example: The spring breeze is blowing and the air is thin.
? A compound sentence consisting of a clause and a single sentence repetition, or a compound sentence consisting of more than two single sentence repetitions, expresses multi-level meanings. Example:
Spring breeze curled up; ? People cheered and the farmers were busy plowing the fields. (A clause and a complex sentence form a double complex sentence)
Fine bamboo green, pear white: the land is bright and the weather is good. (Two complex sentences form a double complex sentence)
? The form is compound sentence, and the meaning is a multi-level complex sentence. Example:
"Green willow busy swallow" is a general compound sentence "Green willow busy swallow" (level 1).
Another example:
"Jiang Qing's ship came to Bai Ou steadily" is a double complex sentence of "Jiang Qing, the ship came to Bai Ou steadily".
Also weigh complex sentences and common complex sentences. It consists of more than two simple sentences, expressing the meaning of one level. example
Glaciers melt, weeping willows turn green, and swallows come. (Repetition of three simple sentences)
A compound sentence consisting of a clause and a repeated sentence, or more than two repeated sentences, expresses more than two levels of meaning. example
Glaciers melt, weeping willows turn green, and swallows come; Cattle are plowing the fields everywhere, and farmers are busy plowing the fields. (A double compound sentence consisting of two single repeated sentences)
A complex sentence consisting of more than two multiple complex sentences. It usually becomes a paragraph. example
Glaciers melt, weeping willows turn green, and swallows come: cattle are everywhere, and farmers are busy plowing the fields. The locomotive is running at full speed, buildings are everywhere, and workers are working; Every day in the world is new.
The legal association composed of sentence groups of Pingyi sentences is called sentence group legal association, or sentence group association for short.
The first super-long couplet in the world is the Daguanlou couplet in Kunming. This couplet was written by Sun Ranweng, a poor man in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. There is only a 90-word couplet. Subsequently, many places of interest all over the country followed suit. Tengchong Longguang Terrace single couplet 103, Chengdu Wangjianglou single couplet 106, Sichuan guanxian Qingchengshan single couplet actually reached 197, which is amazing! This example is the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan. The couplet is very long, with 55 words in a single couplet.
[on] a thousand-year-old scenic spot, from the world. Look: Phoenix Island, Nautilus Island, Yellow Crane Fishing Ground, Jiege in Qingchuan, what a beautiful spring and autumn moon; Only end up: residual water and mountains, extremely anxious about the past and the present. When did Cui Hao write the poem, and when did Violet put pen to paper?
[Below] Wanli Yangtze River, several people scoured out. Hope: the sunset in Hankou, the rising Dongting, the rainy night in Xiaoxiang, the clouds and the morning glow, many drunkenness; Only: the evening light smoke shines, the world is narrow, all paid, the flute is ethereal, and the crane shadow is fluttering.
annotations
1. "Haug" and "Duoduo" are auxiliary words with colloquial characteristics; Come to self-disciplined songs (such as Yuanqu) and don't do graphic composition; Delete, the sentence still works.
2. Use commas between single sentences; Use a semicolon at the end of the repeated sentence, and use a period if there is no coordinate complex sentence behind it; Between two multiple complex sentences, use a period; Use a colon after a word or sentence.
? Tradition is classics. Couplets written in "Rusheng Language Family".
? The so-called emerging refers to inheriting the tradition and bringing forth the new. This is related to language changes. If the couplets are created by the modern phonetic alphabet, they are called "emerging couplets". The novelty lies in:
? That is, according to the four tones of modern Chinese pinyin, it belongs to the "non-entering tone family"
? Single sentence couplets are still in 13 frame mode, and complex sentence couplets mostly adopt "random mode"
? From the content, it has modern fashion and modern spirit. In particular, Spring Festival couplets can stimulate popularity, local flavor and solar terms.
? From left to right, horizontal and vertical.
Simplified character series for writing.
? The basic principle is that the upper part is attached to the head side of the horizontal batch, and the lower part is attached to the tail side of the horizontal batch. If the horizontal batch is written from right to left, the upper part is on the right and the lower part is on the left, this is the traditional method. However, the horizontal comments of the new couplets should be written from left to right, and should be left to right.
? It refers to a word and a combination of two words. There is a couplet on the stone tablet of Shimeng Jiangnu Temple in Shanhaiguan Wangfu:
? The sea inclines to the north and south.
? The clouds are getting longer and longer.
? Through the analysis of sentence breaking, meaning interpretation and fallacy, it is read as follows:
The tide of the sea, towards the tide, towards the tide;
The cloud goes up, up, up, down.
Jia Dao is drunk, and Liu Ling doesn't drink.
? (Tang Dynasty poet Jia Dao, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties poet and writer Liu Ling)
Changde Deshan has virtue, while Changsha has sand, water and no sand.
Constructing conjunctions by using the characteristics of radicals on the same side of Chinese characters.
Example 1
? Taiping Fu Bao, seven lanes of Fulu.
Example 2
The sky is empty, the lakes and mountains are beautiful, the sea is full of rivers, and the water waves are sky-high;
Lingering, thunder, hail, rain, fog and clouds.
(Drinking Water Association, 20 16.5.6)
Chickens and dogs cross the frost bridge, plum blossoms and bamboo leaves all the way;
Cattle and horses walk in the snow, two rows of mussel fish.
? Flowers bloom again, plus 37 years;
? Qing ancient road is sparse, and there is one more spring and autumn in it.
It is said that Emperor Qianlong celebrated his birthday. Flowers reopen, 26, 120 years old; ? Plus the year of Sanqi, Sanqi is 2 1 year. Total 14 1 year)
Freezing rain sprinkled people, two o'clock in the east and three o'clock in the west;
Divide and conquer, seven knives left and eight knives right.
Lanting episode is far from home, and three locust trees are long.
? (Hide "Wang Xing". The first part says Wang Xizhi's calligraphy "Preface to the Lanting Pavilion", and the second part says that Wang's surname originated from Huaishuzhuang, Shanxi Province.
? In fact, guests in the sky, guests in natural habitats.
(In the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong inscribed the name Tianranju Restaurant Alliance)
? The fog locks the mountains, and the sky is connected with water.
? (Gulangyu Fish Belly Pulian, Xiamen)
Confucius preached sages: Ceng Zi, Zisi and Mencius;
Zhou Shi Kegilet saints: King Tai, King Ji and King Wen.
(inlaid with the names of ancient sages)
The dense clouds do not rain and dry the three rivers, although Yutian is difficult to be rich;
Huairou has a way to Zunhua, knowing that Shunyi is a good hometown.
(mosaic of place names. It is engraved with the names of eight counties in Beijing: Miyun, Sanhe, Yutian, Feng Run, Huairou, Zunhua, Shunyi and Liangxiang)
? Su Xiaomei and Qin Shaoyou became friends during Qin Jin's time. On the wedding night, my young sister closed the door to test the groom's literary talent and refused him. Push open the window and go out:
? Close the door, push open the window and push open the moon;
? Qin Shaoyou wandered in the corridor and meditated, trying to show his talent, but it was wrong! ? Su Dongpo watched from a distance and had a brainwave. He picked up a stone and threw it into the fire water tank in the corridor. Plop 1, Qin Shaoyou was taken aback and struck inspiration. Blurt out the bottom line:
Throw a stone and wash away the underwater sky.
? It's hard to fight. Su Xiaomei was right. He was overjoyed. Open the door with a creak and welcome the groom.
Tang Yin (1470- 1523) was a painter and writer in the Ming Dynasty, also known as White Tiger and Wei Zi, and was the owner of the Taohua Temple. Wuxian (Suzhou) people. Because he was born in the Year of Silver, he was named "Silver". Because Yin is a tiger, he also took the word "Bohu".
? When I was a child, I had guests at home, and my father entertained me with fried beans with melons. Bohu stood by, and the guests wanted to test his literary talent, so they went out. Bohu thought a little and responded. Everyone has an expression:
Stir-fried beans and throw a pair of scarabs;
Cut the melon and divide it into two jade glasses.
Clap your hands and applaud.
Tang Yin, 29, won the first place in the provincial examination (Xie Yuan). When he took the Jinshi exam in Beijing, he was falsely accused of bribing the examiner by his fellow countryman Du, and was beaten with a stick by the execution ground for no reason! ? Then, go to jail. Soon, he was released from prison without guilt and made a living by selling calligraphy and painting, which made him famous all over the world. He, together with Wen Zhiming, Zhu Zhishan and Xu Zhenqing, is called "Four Great Talents in Jiangnan". ? Together with Shen Zhou, Wen Zhiming and Chou Ying, they are called "Ming Si Jia". Be good at painting mountains and rivers, and be a woman; Calligraphy is meaningful, beginners in Zhao Mengfu, very beautiful and elegant; ? Quick thinking, poetry and prose are all natural. As for the drama "Tang Bai Hu Dian Qiu Xiang", it is wronged him!
It refers to a poetic activity in which some people make the first couplet and others make the second couplet. Often in the garden, travel, banquet, or when two people walk together; ? Sometimes in class, the teacher gives the last sentence and the students compare the next sentence. With the rise of the Internet, it is particularly convenient to "answer correctly" in micro-groups or QQ groups. You can connect a single sentence or a complex sentence.
Sentence: I didn't know until I was ill for a long time that it was wrong to seek medical treatment; ? [Zhao Jia]
Sentence: When you are old, you regret studying late. [Yi Lee]
In a word? Several people continue to chat, meaning gradually communicate. Basic format:
? Sentence: Spring is greener than willow leaves, [Sun Jia]
? Right one: People are as red as plum blossoms. [Yi Lee]
? Second from the right: Tao and nature are the four seasons of spring. [Bing Zheng]
? Right 4: Learn to be a great writer. [Wang Ding]
? Li Yu (1611-kloc-0/680), a famous dramatist in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, was named Li Weng. A native of Rugao, Jiangsu Province, mainly lived during the reign of Kangxi. Li Weng's Duiyun is quite suitable for beginners to read, especially the choice of words, which will be very enlightening.
Drinking water, Wang Siyuan/Rhyme.
20 18.8. 12? Han Dongyu
Author's brief introduction: Wang Siyuan, whose real name is drinking water, his real name is Sotheby's, his real name is Sotheby's Yunke, Mr. Drinking water, and a layman in Gyeonggi. Earth science, resource science, literature and art, aesthetics debut. In middle-aged and old age, he is a man who combines natural science and humanities to think, study comprehensively, refine laws and constantly create works. Its motto is "exploration and perseverance"! Self-created motto: "In this world, there is no culture without creation. Continuous creation leads to the development of culture. Thus, the creator will gain eternal life through creation. " "(20 19. 1. 1)