The biggest damage to the tires is nothing else
The conditions for drifting can be attributed to one thing: the rear wheel loses most (or all) of its grip, while the front wheel can maintain grip ( At most, you can only lose a small part, and it is best to gain additional grip); at this time, as long as the front wheel has a certain lateral force, the car will drift and drift can occur.
Methods to make the rear wheel lose grip
1. Make a negative speed difference between the rear wheel and the ground while driving (the speed of the rear wheel is relatively low)
2. Make sure there is a positive speed difference between the rear wheel and the ground under any circumstances (the rear wheel speed is relatively high)
3. Reduce the positive pressure between the rear wheel and the ground while driving.
It is enough to satisfy only one of these three items. In fact, 1 and 2 are both ways to reduce the friction coefficient. They are separated because the application methods are different.
Methods to maintain front wheel grip
1. Do not allow a large speed difference between the front wheel and the ground while driving
2. Do not drive while driving If the positive pressure between the front wheel and the ground is reduced too much, it is best to increase the positive pressure. These two items must be satisfied at the same time.
In actual operation, pulling the handbrake must simultaneously ensure that there is a negative speed difference between the rear wheel and the ground while driving (the speed of the rear wheel is relatively low) and that there is not a large speed between the front wheel and the ground while driving. Difference.
The methods to produce drift are:
1. Pull the handbrake while driving on a straight road and then turn the direction
2. Pull the handbrake while turning
3. Slam on the brakes while driving on a straight road and then turn the direction
4. Slam on the brakes while turning
5. A rear-wheel drive car with sufficient power (or the proportion of driving force distribution between the front and rear wheels tends to be Rear-wheel drive (four-wheel drive)) When the speed is not very high, step on the accelerator and turn the direction.
Among them, 3 and 4 are the use of weight transfer (the weight of the rear wheel is transferred to the front wheel), which is the method with the least damage to the car. 1 and 2 are only used for front-wheel drive vehicles and four-wheel drive vehicles used in rally competitions, and can be waived unless you are not afraid of damaging the car. Note that 1 and 2, 3 and 4 are separated because the movement routes of the car will be very different. Important note: Drifting and cornering have the same speed limit as ordinary cornering, and the speed limit of drifting and cornering can only be a little higher than that of ordinary cornering at most. The speed limit of drifting and cornering on hard ground is even lower than that of ordinary cornering!
As for whether the car can drift in the end, it depends on the friction coefficient between the tire and the road, the speed of the car, the braking force, the accelerator, the angle of the front wheel, the weight distribution of the car, the wheelbase and wheelbase, and the softness and hardness of the suspension. related to many factors. For example, it is easy to drift when driving on rainy days or snow, but it is more difficult not to drift; the higher the driving speed, the easier it is to drift (so the first rule of safe driving is not to drive fast); it is easy to drift when driving fast. (The master who taught me how to drive told me not to turn the steering wheel too fast); the smaller the wheelbase and wheelbase and the taller the body, the greater the weight transfer, and the easier it is to drift (and roll over!); the anti-roll of the front suspension system The weaker the effect, the easier it is to flick.
Control during drift
If the drift is caused by using the handbrake, then when the car rotates to the angle you want, you should release the handbrake.
The task in the middle of drifting is to adjust the body posture. Because factors such as the unevenness of the road surface, the degree of curvature of the route, and the cornering characteristics of the car will often change. Therefore, the driver often has to control the steering wheel, accelerator, brake, and even clutch (not recommended) to make the car follow the route the driver wants.
Let me first explain some principles: to make the wheel slide longer, the friction between the wheel and the ground should be reduced as much as possible; to make the wheel slide less, the friction should be increased as much as possible. As mentioned before, the method of reducing friction is to make the wheel rotate too fast or too slowly, and the other is to reduce the positive pressure between the wheel and the ground; the method of increasing friction is the opposite.
Among them, the way to make the wheels rotate too slowly is to step on the foot brake or pull the hand brake (again: the foot brake acts on the four wheels, and the hand brake acts on the rear wheels. Regardless of whether there is The handbrake acts on other wheels. All the racing cars I know that have handbrakes have the same situation as I mentioned)
Apply the foot brake: all four wheels will slow down, and eventually the front wheel loses more friction. Or whether the rear wheel loses more friction cannot be generalized.
Pull the handbrake: the front wheel will not lose friction but the rear wheel will lose a lot of friction, so oversteer is easy to occur. Because both the foot brake and the hand brake have a decelerating effect, the car will stop sliding quickly.
Real Drift
If you want the wheels to slide sideways for a long distance, the only way is to let the driving wheels spin at high speed. You must have a car with LSD and sufficient power. Do this. Why have LSD? Because the car body will tilt when it drifts, the outer wheels exert greater pressure on the ground, while the inner wheels exert less pressure. Cars without LSD will have the inside drive wheels spinning and the outside drive wheels spinning very slowly. The friction between this slowly rotating wheel and the ground is large, and the car's sideslip will stop quickly.
Cars are divided into front-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive, and four-wheel drive. It is impossible for the wheels to spin at high speed without driving force.
Then the rear wheels of a front-wheel drive car cannot do long-distance side slipping. If the driving wheels (that is, the front wheels) idling at high speed, there will be more sideslip than the rear wheels, and the drift angle will decrease, so the front-wheel drive car cannot do long-distance drifting. . Four-wheel drive vehicles are obviously possible. What about rear-wheel drive? The front wheels of rear-wheel drive vehicles have no driving force, but the front wheels can swing at an angle in the direction in which the vehicle body slides, so rear-wheel drive vehicles can also drift over long distances.
The side slip distance is related to the speed before the side slip starts. It usually slides slower and slower, and finally stops. However, if the venue allows and the control is good, you can theoretically do an infinite side slip. Because the wheel that is slipping still has a certain amount of acceleration, and the tire that is slipping is also subject to ground resistance, when these two effects are balanced, the speed of the car will not be reduced. For example, Donut (turning in circles) is one type of infinite drift. Of course, you can also make infinite drifts with a larger turning radius.
The above mentioned methods are all methods to control the side slip length of the driving wheel.
Methods used to adjust the body posture
1. Control the angle of the front wheels, not too large or too small, especially for rear-wheel drive vehicles
2. Adjust the throttle and brakes to make the car tend to accelerate or decelerate, which will cause weight transfer. Through the weight transfer, it can be controlled whether the front of the car slides more outward or the rear of the car slides more outward
3. Use the handbrake to generate again Oversteer.
Note: In 2, the effect of refueling a rear-wheel drive vehicle (or a four-wheel drive vehicle with a power distribution ratio tending to be rear-wheel drive) is not necessarily acceleration. If the refueling is too strong, the rear wheel speed may be too high. Higher to reduce friction, the rear of the car slides outward more.
Maximum drift angle
During the drift, if the angle between the direction of the front of the car and the direction of movement of the car is greater than this angle, it must stop (if it does not stop, it will be knocked out). Note that drift is not included.
For rear-wheel drive vehicles, because the front wheels have no driving force, they cannot produce high-speed idling and slide outwards. Only the lateral force of the ground facing the front wheels controls the front movement. Therefore, the angle between the direction of the front of the car and the direction of movement of the body can only be equal to the maximum swing angle of the front wheels (the front wheel swing angles of different cars are different, and the front wheel swing angle of a general car can be about 30 degrees). If it is larger, , there is no way to restore correct driving except to stop and start again. Note that the "large-angle drift" mentioned by ordinary people does not refer to the angle between the direction of the front of the car and the direction of movement of the body, but the angle marked in red in the attached picture. The sharper the bend, the larger the angle appears.
Rear-wheel drive vehicles also have situations where the front wheels have insufficient grip and understeer. In such a case, the angle between the direction of the car's front and the direction of body movement cannot exceed the maximum drift angle, otherwise it must be stopped to resume normal driving.
Because front-wheel drive vehicles can maintain the grip of the rear wheels and increase the accelerator to allow the front wheels to slide outward, the maximum drift angle of front-wheel drive vehicles is very large, which can be close to 90 degrees.
Because both the front and rear wheels of a four-wheel drive vehicle can idling at high speeds, the front wheels are likely to slide outward more when refueling (because the weight is transferred to the rear wheels when refueling, the friction between the front wheels and the ground is small) In addition, the front wheels can swing outward, so the maximum drift angle of a four-wheel drive vehicle is larger than that of a rear-wheel drive vehicle.
Comparing the three types of drive vehicles, front-wheel drive vehicles are the easiest to drive and the safest.
Drifting out of the corner
The drift should end when exiting the corner. The ending method is the same as the method of reducing the drift angle during the drifting process.
For front-wheel drive cars,
1. Add oil to make the front of the car slide outward (because front-wheel drive cars basically understeer except when drift occurs)
2. Correct the front angle by swinging the front wheel outward
3. You can also swing the front wheel outward and then release a little throttle.
For four-wheel drive vehicles, 2 is usually necessary, 3 is also effective, and 1 may not work.
For rear-wheel drive cars, the most important thing is 2. Depending on the specific situation, various factors such as the car's weight distribution, driving force distribution, previous drift angle, road surface conditions, etc. all have an impact.
Note that the car body is sliding outward during the entire drift process (including the beginning, middle, and end), so when preparing to exit the corner, do not point the front of the car to the outside of the road, but point it inward. When the car slides to the outside of the road, the lateral speed is just zero. This is a perfect exit.
Driving different cars for drifting requires a process of adaptation to understand the characteristics of the car; there is also a process of adaptation on different road surfaces. In a rally, because the specific conditions of each corner are unknown, even if you have run this stage last season, the road surface will not be the same as before. Therefore, when cornering in a rally, the principle of "slow in, fast out" is adhered to - slow down before entering the corner, and then increase the accelerator to exit the corner after seeing the curve clearly. Not only will it not be much slower when cornering using this principle, but it will also greatly improve safety.
For a rear-wheel drive car, if you want to drift for a long distance (that is, a long curve), you must step on the accelerator. Taking the left bend you mentioned as an example, the center of gravity of the car is biased towards the right front wheel (bending). Outer front wheel), the pressure of the four wheels on the ground is: right (outer) front wheel > left (inner) front wheel > right (outer) rear wheel > left (inner) rear wheel.
During the drifting process, the rear wheel slips and loses adhesion to the ground, and the wheel speed is lower than the vehicle speed (due to the purpose of braking during the drift). However, as the vehicle drifts, the vehicle stalls and the vehicle speed slowly becomes lower. When the vehicle speed is as low as When the rear wheel speed is the same (because the rear wheel loses adhesion and has low resistance, the rear wheel speed decreases more slowly than the vehicle speed), the rear wheel will regain its attachment to the ground, and the drift will end. In order to drift farther, it is necessary to To ensure that the rear wheel loses adhesion for a longer time, that is, to ensure that the difference between the rear wheel speed and the vehicle speed is maintained for a longer period of time, the best way is to refuel to make the rear wheel rotate faster than the vehicle speed. In this way, no matter how low the vehicle speed drops, , can ensure that the rear wheel loses adhesion, thus ensuring the length of drift. This is the "power slide" in drifting. The time and direction of sliding can be controlled by using the throttle and the direction of the front wheel. But for a front-wheel drive car that brakes and drifts, refueling will speed up the front wheel speed, but the front wheel is attached during drift (except for four-wheel drift), so refueling will accelerate the car and cause the center of gravity to shift backward.
Drifting skills
Drifting is a very ornamental driving method, and it is also a commonly used technique in rally competitions. Drifting has become very popular in China in the past two years, especially among many young drivers. However, I have also heard of accidents caused by improper methods. Now I will tell you my understanding and methods of drift over the years. But before we talk about drifting, let’s start with the simplest and best driving method:
1. U-turn
I want to emphasize that there are certain dangers in this special driving method. For sex, please practice in an open field, not on the street. There are two things you need to make sure before starting the exercise, one is that the vehicle's handbrake is effective, and the other is that the vehicle's electronic stability program and traction control system are turned off. Let me first introduce to you 3 ways to make a U-turn.
1. Driving forward is a 180-degree U-turn
I will describe the U-turn to the left as a column. If you want to make a U-turn to the right, just reverse all the steering wheel operations. First, control the vehicle speed at about 60 kilometers. Hold the steering wheel at 9 o'clock with your left hand and put the gear in neutral. Hold the handbrake with your right hand and press the handbrake release button. First, quickly turn the steering wheel 1/4 turn to the right to increase the speed. Rotational inertia. Then turn the steering wheel sharply to the left and tighten the handbrake, so that the rear of the car will rotate. When the front of the car turns 90°, start to gradually return to the steering wheel. When the front of the car turns 180°, release the handbrake while returning the steering wheel. A forward 180° U-turn is completed.
2. Make a 180° U-turn when reversing
This U-turn method is simpler to operate and does not require a handbrake. Reversing brings the vehicle up to a certain speed, pushing into neutral, and then jerking to one side. When the front of the car turns 90°, it begins to gradually return to the direction. When the front of the car turns 180°, it returns to the normal direction.
3. Make a 360° U-turn while driving forward
This kind of stunt driving requires an initial speed of about 80 kilometers. The initial action is the same as making a 180° U-turn forward, which is to apply the handbrake while sharply turning the direction. When the front of the car turns 90°, quickly turn the direction to the other side. In this way, the vehicle can complete a 360° U-turn.
2. Drift
Before starting to learn drift, we must understand a few things:
1. Safety
Drift is actually A driving state in which the vehicle is on the verge of losing control or not. Even drifting masters will make serious mistakes. Therefore, for those who want to learn, I strongly request that the venue must be open and that barrels can be stacked on the ground. "Initial D" is just a fairy tale.
2. Vehicle selection
High-horsepower rear-wheel-drive vehicles are the best. Both front-wheel-drive and four-wheel-drive vehicles can drift, but they are difficult and difficult to drift over long distances.
3. Drifting will definitely damage the car
Mainly the tires. The transmission system and chassis components will also cause a certain degree of damage.
4. Choose a suitable venue
Asphalt road: Drifting is slower than normal driving and cornering speed
Gravel and snow: The friction coefficient of the road surface is small and easy to occur. Drifting requires a slow speed and relatively little wear and tear on the car
3. Start drifting
Rear drive is divided into 5 steps
A. Before entering Slow down before turning, the speed is lower than normal cornering
B. The corner entry point is later than normal cornering, reduce the gear to 2nd gear, and turn into the direction.
C. If you suddenly apply fuel near the center of the bend, the rear wheel will lose grip under the sudden increase in torque, causing lateral movement to the outside of the bend. When you feel the lateral movement of the rear of the car, immediately turn in the direction of the lateral movement, and the speed should be fast.
D. Adjust the direction and throttle according to the lateral movement of the rear end of the vehicle to maintain the balance of vehicle drift dynamics. This is the most difficult point. The angle, distance and direction of drift have a great relationship. It requires more experience and practice.
E. When approaching the cornering point, slightly reduce the accelerator and gradually return to the positive direction to restore the car to normal condition.
Finally, other drifting methods are introduced:
The handbrake drifting method (applicable to various drive types) uses a higher speed to enter the corner, quickly turns the direction, and at the same time pulls the handbrake to make the rear end of the car Loss of grip.
Adjust the direction and throttle, and release the handbrake after passing the apex.
The heavy braking drift method (applicable to various drive types) uses a higher speed to enter the corner, brakes hard when entering the corner, downshifts and turns hard, and uses the center of gravity to move forward to make the rear of the car lose grip. soil fertility. Maintain vehicle attitude until exiting the corner.
The Scandinavian method (applicable to all driving types) does not drive along the outside line but along the middle of the road before turning. When entering the turn, first turn quickly outside the turn. Then immediately turn to the apex. The purpose of this is to make the rear of the car lose grip instantly.
In actual operation, different drifting methods should be used flexibly according to the vehicle condition, road conditions, and the size of the corner. For drift masters, several different methods are often used in combination. For example, the handbrake drift method is used for very long corners, using the friction between the tires and the ground to slow down, and then using the torque drift method to exit the corner when the corner is reached. The purpose of this is for a long distance drift.
As the same saying goes, drifting requires time and practice, not recklessness. I'm just telling you some of my usual playing experiences.
Actually, I’ve had an accident too! ! ! You can do it with long practice! If you can understand these things, just go out and find a place to drift! Invite more people, don't play alone! This way everyone can take care of you! These driving methods can also be used to deal with some emergency situations. Let’s slowly understand these!