According to the literature, Qin Huang jade seal is a good jade, which will not be damaged by natural disasters, and it is difficult to damage it privately, so it is very likely to be passed down from generation to generation. According to the literature, Qin Xi is four inches in Fiona Fang. The author thinks that Fiona Fang is not just a square inch, and the ancients thought that the cylinder represents the sky, so Qin Xi must be a cylindrical seal with a diameter of about four inches, which conforms to the custom of sealing mud in Qin Dynasty. Qin Juxi's totem is tiger (dragon) and worships white, so it is presumed that the jade seal is white jade, which may be pig fat white jade or yellow white jade. The seal button must be a tiger and dragon button, chinese odyssey, the Emperor of Qin. I am the only one who will never choose five misleading decorative buttons. Because it is used to seal mud, in order to grasp it easily, the volume of the tiger buckle should be the size of a complete palm for stamping; The seal should be simple and thick for others to confirm; The words are engraved on the front, and the lines are wide and angular, which is suitable for sealing mud. However, the imperial seal handed down by Qin Huang is obviously a national gift, which shows the inheritance and providence of ancestors. Therefore, the jade seal is also used to worship the heavens and ancestors and publicize instructions. Since it has been handed down from generation to generation, it is inevitable to give orders to generations of descendants from the time when Qin Shihuang's ancestors were young, especially the descendants of the Qin Dynasty. Therefore, Qin Xi's function of reaching heaven, teaching ancestors and teaching future generations should be the meaning of Qin Zhuan. The so-called seal of "being ordered by heaven and living forever" does not conform to Qin Huang's etiquette and ancestral procedures, and should be judged as forged. It can be seen that all the national jade seals and five new jade seals with these eight-character seals are not Qin seals.
The origin of heshibi
In the Spring and Autumn Period, Bian He, a Chu, said that a phoenix was seen perched on the bluestone board in Jingshan (now Nanzhang County, Hubei Province). According to the saying that "the phoenix does not fall without treasure", he concluded that there was treasure on the mountain. After careful searching, he finally found a piece of jade in the mountains.
Bian He presented this treasure to Li, the king of Chu. However, after the identification of jade workers, Pu was judged as a stone. Li Guowang thought that Bian He had deceived the king and ordered Bian He to break his left foot and expel him from the capital.
When King Wu ascended the throne, Bian He presented the original jade, but the jade worker still thought it was a stone. Poor Bian He had his right foot cut off because of bullying the king.
After King Chu acceded to the throne, Bian He wept bitterly at the foot of Chushan for three days and nights, and his eyes overflowed with blood. King Wen was very surprised and sent someone to ask him, "Are there many people cut off?" Why are you the only one so sad? " Bian He sighed, "I'm not sad because it was cut off, but because the precious stones were treated as stones, and the loyal ministers were treated as the ministers who bullied the monarch. It's sad that right and wrong are reversed! " This time, King Wen directly ordered someone to cut it, and as a result, he got a flawless jade.
In order to reward Bian He's loyalty, Meiyu was named "He Shen Jade", which is the legendary He Shen Jade in later generations.
King Chu got this beautiful jade and cherished it very much. He couldn't bear to carve it, so he treasured it as a treasure. More than 400 years have passed, in order to commend the loyal ministers for their meritorious service, the color of "harmony" was specially presented to Zhaoyang. When Zhaoyang led the guests to visit Chishan, the jade jade was displayed for people to watch. Unexpectedly, after the crowd dispersed, Yuyu disappeared.
More than 50 years later, Zhao Renmiao first bought a piece of jade in the market with 500 gold. Unexpectedly, this piece of jade was identified by the jade worker as a jade that has been missing for many years. King Huiwen of Zhao heard that this jade appeared in the state of Zhao and took it for himself.
Zhao Haoqi, the king of Qin, wrote to the prince of Zhao, saying that he was willing to exchange fifteen cities of Qin for jade. The prince of Zhao was awed by the power of Qin and sent Lin Xiangru to Qin. Resourceful Lin Xiangru lived up to his mission and designed to retrieve the jade and send it back to Zhao.
In 228 BC, the State of Qin destroyed Zhao, and Choi finally fell into the hands of the State of Qin. Unfortunately, and choi disappeared from the historical records. Legend has it that after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he made a national seal of Heshibi.
The ups and downs of the imperial seal
Let's just say whether the country's decree is jade. After Qin Shihuang unified China, he did let a jade worker carve a jade seal, which was called the "Imperial Seal". According to historical records, this seal was carved from white jade in Lantian, Shaanxi Province, and was used to kill tigers and new buttons. Speaking of arowana and phoenix birds, the inscription on the seal was written by Prime Minister Lisi in the form of a big seal, which read "Be ordered by heaven and live forever".
From the publication of the official seal, the legendary experience began. Legend has it that in 2 19 BC, when Qin Shihuang was touring Dongting Lake in the south, the wind and waves suddenly broke out and his ship was about to be destroyed. The first emperor threw the jade seal into the lake and sacrificed the waves to the gods so that he could cross the lake safely. Eight years later, when he went to Pingshu Road in Huayin, someone stood on the road with a jade seal and said to the attendants of the first emperor, "Please return this jade seal to Zulong (called by Qin Shihuang)." Then he disappeared. Pass the imperial edict and return it to Qin.
In the war at the end of Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang led the troops into Xianyang first. Tian Zi Seal was given to Liu Bang by a gentleman who died in Qin Dynasty. Liu Bangjian Han acceded to the throne, and she passed the national seal, which is called "Han passed the national seal" in history. Since then, the jade seal has been treasured in Changle Palace, becoming a symbol of imperial power. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang usurped power and Emperor Liu Yingcai was two years old. The imperial seal is in the charge of Empress Xiao Yuan. Wang Mang ordered Hou Wangshun of Anyang to force the queen mother to hand over the imperial seal, and was angered by the queen mother. In a rage, the Queen Mother threw the imperial seal on the ground, and a corner of the imperial seal was dropped, and then it was filled with gold, leaving a flaw mark.
After Wang Mang's defeat, the jade seal changed hands several times, and finally fell into the hands of Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, and spread to the Eastern Han Emperor. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, ten servants made an insurrection, and the young emperor fled in a hurry, before he could take the imperial seal. When he returned to the palace, he found that the imperial seal was missing. People in Sun Jian dug up the body of a maid-in-waiting in Gong Zhenjing, south of Luoyang, and found the "Jade Seal" in the kit around her neck. Sun Jian regarded it as an auspicious omen, so he began his dream of being an emperor. Unexpectedly, someone in the Sun Jian army informed Yuan Shao about it. When Yuan Shao heard about it, he immediately detained Sun Jian's wife and forced Sun Jian to hand over the decree. Later, the Yuan Shao brothers were defeated, and the "national decree" was returned to Emperor Han Xian.
The three countries have stood firm, the decree belongs to Wei, the three countries are unified, and the decree belongs to gold. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the north fell into an era of frequent regime changes and turbulence. "State decrees" are constantly being questioned and deprived. In the fifth year of Yongjia (AD 3 1 1), the imperial seal was restored. In the fourth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 329), the post-Zhao destroyed the former Zhao and obtained the imperial seal; Ran Min, the post-Zhao general, killed Shi Jian and regained the imperial seal. At this stage, several "private seals" appeared, including self-seal in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Murong Yongyin in Xiyan and Yao Qinyin. In the Southern Dynasties, when he arrived in Liang Wudi, Hou Jing rebelled and was deprived of the imperial edict. Shortly after Hou Jing's defeat, the imperial seal was put into a well in qixia temple, fished out and kept by monks in the temple, and then presented to Chen Wudi.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the "Jade Seal" was still the treasure of the rulers. After Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties, the imperial seal suffered bad luck again. Li Congke, the deposed emperor in the later Tang Dynasty, was defeated by Qidan and set himself on fire with a decree. So far, the whereabouts of the jade seal are unknown.
China people use seals to express their credit, which began in the Zhou Dynasty. In the Qin dynasty,
There is a difference between seal and seal. The seal used by the emperor is called seal, and the subjects can only call it seal. My teacher,
Xu Zi, an old Dingling, once told me that "the decree of the state" began in Qin Dynasty, and the seal character was "Na".
"longevity in heaven, longevity in yongchang" is a small seal script written by Li si. Li Si was the prime minister of Qin Shihuang.
The invention of seal script became the earliest specification of modern Chinese writing font)
Come on, Qin Shihuang passed it on to II, and II passed it on to Ziying. Liu Bangbing came to bully,
Zi Ying handed the seal to Han. ? It went to Emperor Han Ping, and Emperor Ping died? , decree
Hidden in the Changle Palace where Empress Dowager Cixi lived. Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty and sent Wang Shun into the palace to extort money, Empress Dowager.
In a rage, he threw the decree at Wang Shun, and the button on the decree broke a corner. Wang Xigui
Mang? , in order to complete the decree, use force to make up for it, that's it? The so-called world treasure
The seal is sealed. ? The seal is in the hands of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty-everyone is familiar with The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
The story of the jade seal? Most? Sima has it. With what? until
Tang dynasty, is it over? Liang? In the Tang Dynasty, the emperor was abolished and set himself on fire in Xuanwu Building in Luoyang, and then it spread all over the country.
Since then, seals have disappeared.
According to the records of the Han Dynasty, the emperor had six seals: Emperor Seal, Emperor Seal and Emperor Seal.
The emperor made the seal, the emperor made the seal, and the emperor believed in the seal. These six seals have different uses and come from Jeff.
Lingcheng is in charge. But, by national decree? Not in Liuyin, because of this law.
Is used to represent orthodoxy, the so-called "the only thrill" must have this decree, otherwise.
It can only be the king of grass chicken, not the real dragon emperor. There is also a legend that the jade seal is made of Heshi wall.
Yes, it's difficult to research, but ancient books all say that the jade seal is lantian jade, Shaanxi.
If it is made, it probably won't be fake.