Astronomical Knowledge How are aurora formed?

For many people, the word "Aurora" is quite unfamiliar. Many friends have never seen the aurora phenomenon for most of their lives and have only seen it in the news. So do you know how auroras are formed? What is the reason? Next, the knowledge of constellations will give you the answer, let’s take a look!

Cause Aurora is an atmospheric luminous phenomenon unique to the Arctic and Antarctic regions. The aurora has left a beautiful figure in the myths and legends of the East and the West. The development of modern science has enabled human beings to look at the aurora from a rational perspective and make scientific explanations for it.

Auroras appear over the high magnetic latitudes of the planet and are a colorful luminous phenomenon. The Earth's aurora is produced by the high-energy charged particle flow (solar wind) from the Earth's magnetosphere and the Sun that excites (or ionizes) molecules or atoms in the upper atmosphere. There are three conditions for the generation of aurora: atmosphere, magnetic field, and high-energy charged particles. All three are indispensable. Auroras not only appear on Earth, but also on other planets with magnetic fields in the solar system.

Auroras generally only appear in the high latitudes of the North and South Poles, but the solar storm on August 1, 2010 happened to erupt towards the Earth. The solar wind carrying a large number of charged particles "hit" the Earth accurately, and The interaction of the earth's magnetic field produces a "magnetic storm", which allows lower latitude areas such as Michigan, Denmark and the United Kingdom to see the beautiful Northern Lights landscape. Experts said that this time the solar storm did not destroy the global satellite and telecommunications systems as predicted in advance, but it brought a magnificent "fireworks show" to the earth.

For a long time, the cause mechanism of auroras has not been satisfactorily explained. For a long time, people have believed that aurora may be formed by the following three reasons. One view is that auroras are fires burning outside the earth. Because the Arctic region is close to the edge of the earth, such fires can be seen. Another view is that the aurora is the glow reflected by the red sun after it sets in the west. There is also a view that there is abundant ice and snow in the polar regions, which absorb sunlight during the day, store it, and release it at night to become the aurora. In short, there are different opinions and no definite conclusion. It was not until the 1960s that a physical description of auroras was gradually formed by combining ground observations with data detected by satellites and rockets.

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